Classical Chinese in Ming dynasty

1. What is the classical Chinese translation of the arbitration case in Ming Dynasty? In June of the year of Yongzheng Renzi, one night, a villager in the west of xian county was struck by lightning. Sheriff Morgan Stanley Capital International visited, and then he was buried in a coffin. After more than half a month, suddenly the Ming people arrested a man and asked him, "What are you doing buying gunpowder?" The man replied, "I shoot birds with it." Morgan Stanley Capital International asked: "The amount of gunpowder used to shoot birds with a shovel is only a few dollars, and the amount of gunpowder used is one or two more, which is enough for one day. Why buy twenty or thirty pounds? " The man replied, "it will take me many days." Morgan Stanley Capital International asked again, "Well, you haven't bought gunpowder for a month, and you expect to use one or two kilograms now. So where do you put the rest of the gunpowder now? " Men are speechless. Therefore, Morgan Stanley Capital International tortured her and questioned her severely. Sure enough, she was executed with her lover because she found out the real case of murdering her lover's husband.

Someone asked the magistrate of Morgan Stanley Capital International why he knew that this man had committed murder. Lord Ming replied, "Gunpowder, if it doesn't weigh dozens of kilograms, can't hide the effect of lightning strike, and sulfur is definitely needed to make synthetic gunpowder. It's midsummer, not the time to set off firecrackers during the Spring Festival. Few people can buy sulfur. I secretly sent people to the market to find the person who sold the most sulfur, and everyone said it was a craftsman. I secretly asked who the craftsman sold the gunpowder to, and they all said that they sold it to others, and I understood. " Then he asked Mingjun, "Then how do you know that lightning strike is fake?" Ming Taizu replied, "If a person is killed by lightning, it should be struck from top to bottom, and don't crack the ground. Even if a house is destroyed, it must be attacked from top to bottom. Now at the scene of lightning strike, the grass on the roof and the beam of the house are flying, and the surface of the heatable adobe sleeping platform is exposed, so we can know that the fire started from below. Moreover, this place is only five or six miles away from the urban area, and the lightning situation is the same. Although the lightning was fierce that night, it just circled around the clouds. I knew there was something wrong without hitting it. At that time, the wife of the deceased happened to go back to her family and could not be interrogated. Therefore, we must interview the murderer who killed people before we can judge the truth from that woman. "

This county magistrate can be said to be very good at investigation and study.

2. The case of Guo Huan recorded the case of Guo Huan in ancient Chinese.

The Criminal Law states: "Cao Liu is the culprit, and Guo Huan is the culprit. Guo Huan is also an assistant minister. The emperor suspected that Li or Zhao, the second division of officials, had conspiratorial and Huan interests. Starting from the Sixth Division, all of them died, seven million dollars were stolen, and even tens of thousands of provincial officials died. Stolen goods are borrowed from the world, and people's homes are broken. When Xiandi slandered suggestion Jin Min and Ding Tingju, he still thought. Although the emperor was guilty, he wrote to Huan, but he sentenced Wu Yong and others to death to hate the world. It is said that I have a letter to the Ministry to eliminate rape. I am afraid that I will be raped and disturb my people. If this happens in the future, I won't forgive it. Ji: In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, in March, the assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance took over the job of stealing official grain. Seventh, the watch was cleared in February of this year, and those who were punished were Zhao Xie, the minister of justice, Wang, the minister of industry, and Mai Zhide, the assistant minister of industry. They all died in the Guo Huan case, and Mai Zhide took over the position of minister. However, seeing the seven Qing tables, the other six assistant ministers are next. According to the wisdom, there are many dead people, and their names cannot be tested. This is also one of the prisons for punishing poverty in the early Ming Dynasty.

Air printed case

This case is not included in this subject, but the criminal law says: fifteen years is empty. Every year, it is normal for the Chief Cabinet Secretary and officials of prefectures and counties to go all the way to the Ministry of Finance, Grain and Military Supplies, holding empty documents in advance and changing them as soon as the Ministry refutes them. The emperor was furious when he suspected that there was a mole. Regarding the death of the officer, the second from the left made a list of 100 guards. Zheng Shili, a native of Ninghai, wrote to accuse him and defended him with belly stickers. (I regard this matter as fifteen years of Hongwu, and I will not pay it back. Party, with empty seal theory, relegated Qinyang Yicheng. * * * Play Chinese words: Last year, provincial officials committed a felony by using empty seals. Then I said: thirteen years, I caught a pawn in Beijing. Then * * * demoted Cheng Yi in 10 minutes.

Three years ago, it is said that it was last year, before it. Fang Xiaoru's "Xun Zhi Zhai Ji Xian Fu" Xing Jun, filial father Ke Qin was demoted in Hongwu eight years, released at the age of four, and demoted to an empty seal. In September of 1999, he died of illness in the capital. That was nine years ago. Another biography is Zheng Shili: Shili wrote a lawsuit against the injustice of air printing because of changing stars. The change of the stars is a nine-year event, which is said to be in September of nine years, which is the proof of the nine-year empty printing case. Biography of Zheng Shili: Shi Yuan's younger brother, upright and brilliant, was appointed as a judge by Jinshi Li Guan. Jingxiang soldiers plundered women indiscriminately, and officials were afraid to ask. Ishihara issued a statement and was also plundered. Anlu had unjust imprisonment, and Yushitai learned that Shiyuan had played his unjust imprisonment for nothing. In the exam, Qian Gu's book was printed in an empty place. If the Lord dies of old age, the second column in the left is below 100, guarding the distance, and Shi Yuan is in prison. The emperor was furious, thinking that he was bullying the king, and did not dare to remonstrate. (The Prime Minister's official was also abolished in thirteen years, and the case was committed on the day of the Prime Minister, which can also be proved to be fifteen years. ) Shi Li sighed: I don't know in the world, it is a great sin to take empty seals. Honesty leads to wisdom, and I would rather not understand it. Will the stars change? Ask for words. Li Shi said: Yes. When you read the imperial edict, you are guilty of serving private interests. Li Shishi, I said that the son of heaven wants to kill innocent people. My brother is not the chief signer, he should have done it. I need my brother's staff to give it out, even if I die, I don't hate it. Scholar Yuan, who wrote a book with thousands of words, said several things, but the printing in the air was particularly detailed. He said: Your Majesty is guilty of printing empty paper, for fear that traitors will be able to use empty paper as a document and abuse the people's ears. Just transfer the prose to the end of printing. Today's book comparison strategy is a combination of two seams, not the comparison between printing and paper, and it can't be vertical, and the situation is not good. The amount of money valley should be combined with the province and the province with the department. It is difficult to determine the amount and the department. The provincial capital goes to the Ministry. Some are six or seven thousand Li, and some are three or four thousand Li. It is expedient to print books back and forth. It has never been long, and because of family legislation, it is necessary to make it clear to the world first, and then criminals use it to commit crimes. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, there has never been a law of empty seal, and there is succession, and I don't know its crime. Once punished today, can you let the punished person have nothing to say? It is difficult for the imperial court to invite sages and find jobs in counties and counties. It has been realized for decades, not as simple as grass, but it can be resurrected. Why does your majesty use the crime of insufficient crime as bad material? I secretly cherish it for your majesty. After writing, I cried behind closed doors for a few days. Brother asked: Why do you suffer? Li Shishi: I want to study. If I am angry with the emperor, I will be very painful. However, what do I hate if you kill me and give birth to hundreds of people? The emperors were furious when they read the book, and the prime minister questioned and investigated the emissary. Shi Li said with a smile: Gu Wu's books are enough. My career is for the country. If I split myself, I will die. Who will do it for me? Prison furniture. Scholars and writers all lose in Jiangpu. However, there are many empty printers. According to Shi Li. If you kill me and give birth to hundreds of people, you just sit and wait for death, and hundreds of people will be printed. His assistants are several times, and thousands of people have been beaten by staff.

Hulan case

Hu betrayed the Prime Minister, so it was appropriate to punish him, and even caused tens of thousands of deaths and injuries.

Aquamarine is arrogant and arrogant, which is not the same as rebellion. Thousands of people died.

This is still saying that your minister is involved in taking taboos without any intention.

In the spring of the 13th month of the first month of 1898, the Reform Movement of 1898 left the prime minister Hu and rebellion, the censors in his party, Zhong Cheng and Tu Qi.

Zhu Fu.

In the summer and April of the 23rd year, Lu Zhongheng, Hou of Ji 'an, was imprisoned by the Hu Party.

In autumn and August of the 25th year, Bingzi and Jingning Hou were in Hu.

In the spring and February of the 26th year, Liang rebelled, and Heqinghou, Pudinghou, Jingchuan Houcaozhen, Puhuihou, Dongguan Boherong, and official minister Zhan Hui were all executed.

In March, Wen of Huining sat at an aquamarine party.

In the autumn and September of the twenty-sixth year, I was ugly, forgiving Hu, and aquamarine's remaining party.

For Hulan's case, see Volume III of the Third Edition of Ming History.

3. Hong translated the original text and translation of Xibo classical Chinese.

flood

Original text:

Mr. 1 will return to Qiantang at the age of one. After returning home, I had nothing to do, but I still scraped together hundreds of dollars with young people in middle schools. When Qian visited the school, he attended Zhejiang Middle School. On a hot summer day, I went to visit Mr. "Go for an outing under the bridge". From Yu, I saw that Mr. Wang was wearing a short suit and holding a banana fan, and was in full swing with teenagers. Wen Min immediately went out to visit Sun: "Is the elder there?" Mr. Shi blocked himself with a fan. Knowing this was inevitable, he turned back and said, "Did you see me?" Wen Min said: "Zheng Yi's family met their elders." Yue: "My house is too narrow for people." Before making up his mind, Mr. Wang has made up his mind. Start looking for the opposite. When they left, young bloggers began to walk out from under the bridge and asked Sun in surprise, "Who are you? Do you respect this? " He said, "This is the ear of the younger generation in the yamen." So I went without saying my name.

Translation:

Hang Shijun must go back to Qiantang twice a year. After returning home, I have nothing to do. Sometimes I gamble with teenagers in my hometown with hundreds of copper coins under Wang Xianqiao. At that time, Qian inspected the school in Zhejiang as a student. One day, in the heat, (money) is going to be a guest at home. Walking under the bridge, Qian saw from the sedan chair that Mr. Wang was wearing a jacket and holding a banana fan, and was gambling with teenagers with great interest. Qian immediately stepped down from the sedan chair and said, "Is the elder there?" At that time, my husband covered himself with a fan, but he already knew that he could not escape. He immediately turned his face and said, "Have you seen me?" Qian said, "I'm going to visit my husband's house." (Hang Shijun) said, "My house is too small to accommodate the people you follow." Qian Wenmin insisted on going, but Hang Shijun insisted on refusing him. Have to find the way back. After the money left, the teenagers who gambled together came out from under the bridge and asked in surprise, "Who are you?" Learn to respect you so much? " (Hang Shijun) said, "This is the junior in my yamen." I left without telling my name.

4. Extend the early years, general Li Shouzhong, general Che and general Jiangxi.

Before that, Gou Tai, a native of Shouchun County, had a three-year-old son who was lost by thieves and robbers. He didn't know where he was for several years, and then he was found visiting Feng Bo's house in the same county. Gou Tai reported the situation, and each said that it was his own son, and all of them had neighbors' certificates, so the county magistrate could not finalize the case.

Li Chong ordered the two fathers and sons to be confined in different places for dozens of days, and then told them: "Your child is ill and has just died suddenly. You can go out and deal with the aftermath." When Mrs Gou heard this, she burst into tears and was very sad. Feng Bo just sighed, feeling no sadness at all.

When Li Chong found out, he returned the child to Gou Tai and asked Feng Bo if there was any fraud. Feng Bo confessed that a son died first, so he took the liberty to recognize Gou Tai's son.

5. Biography of Wang Xizhi. Classical Chinese has no answers to questions. The original translation is as follows. If you are not satisfied, please ask: Wang Xijue, Ziyu, from Taicang.

In the forty-first year of Jiajing (1562), he won the first place in the imperial examination and the second place in the imperial court and was appointed as an editor. Gradually, the official went to imperial academy to propose a toast.

In the fifth year of Wanli (1577), he was the official in charge of the Imperial Academy. Before the end of the mourning period, Zhang went to be an official, ready to put a scepter on Wu Zhonghang, Zhao Yongxian and others.

Wang Xijue invited more than ten people from the same library to ask for forgiveness, but Zhang went straight in and ignored him. Wu Zhonghang and others have been punished with sticks, and Wang Xijue helped to cry.

The following year, he was promoted to right assistant minister of does. Zhang went back to his hometown for a funeral, and Jiuqing hurriedly requested to return to Beijing, but Wang Xijue did not sign it.

Soon, he asked to visit relatives and left his job. Zhang hated Wang Xijue even more, because he exposed his shortcomings, so Wang Xijue didn't take office.

In the winter of the 20th year of Wanli (1584), I worked at home as a minister of rites and a college student in Wenyuange, and participated in confidential affairs. After returning to the imperial court, he demanded that flattery should be forbidden, competition should be suppressed, vanity should be abandoned, extravagance should be restrained, the atmosphere of discussing state affairs should be encouraged, and work should be streamlined.

The emperor praised it and accepted it. At first, Li Zhi and Jiang Dongzhi clashed with ministers such as Shen Shixing and Yang Wei. Because Wang Xijue has high expectations for him and is at odds with Zhang, he is highly recommended.

After Wang Xizhi entered the DPRK, he joined forces with Shen Shixing and tried his best to crowd out Li Zhi and others, while Li Zhi and others all left. At that time, Shen Shixing was appointed as the recorder and Guo Xu was appointed as the second assistant. All three are Nanji people, while Wang Xizhi and Shen Shixing take the senior high school entrance examination at the same time, and they are in the same county and get along well in the cabinet.

Because Shen Shixing has a soft personality, while Wang Xijue has a straightforward personality. In the 16th year of Wanli (1588), his son Wang Heng won the first place in the examination of Shuntian, and Lang Guan Gao Gui discussed the matter with Rao Shen.

Wang Xijue made a series of refutations and his words were too resentful. Rao Shen was put into prison and deleted from the official register, and Gao Gui was relegated to the border. Qiao Bixing's suggestions and suggestions, please ask the emperor to warn Wang Xijue that he must expand his tolerance and be a virtuous and educated minister. Wang Xijue made a defense.

Therefore, it gradually contradicts the discussion of the court. At that time, many people asked the princes to establish a crown prince, but the emperor did not listen.

In the eighteenth year of Wanli (1590), Wang Xijue asked to teach the prince in advance, and hired Jiang Yinglin and others to ask the former governor Cai Li to forgive him, but there was no reply. Once, because of the drought, he made a request to recall his official position.

The emperor ordered him to stay. The fire turned red, the truth invaded the western frontier, and the people who talked about it rushed to ask for troops. Wang Xijue advocated a peaceful settlement, which is consistent with Shen Shixing's opinion.

Soon, he had a dispute with his colleagues over the title of Crown Prince. He closed the door and asked to return to China. Soon, because my mother was old, I invited her to visit her hometown.

So the emperor gave him money and sent officials to escort him. Two years after returning home, Shen Shixing, Guo Xu and Wang Jiaping left their posts one after another, and Wang Xijue was urged and summoned by letters.

In the first month of the 21st year of Wanli, he returned to the imperial court and became a record. Before that, there was an imperial decree. In the spring of this year, a ceremony was held to book the crown prince and warn the court ministers not to take it lightly.

In view of the Zhang Youde incident, the court ministers all showed silence. At this time, Wang Xijue secretly asked the emperor to decide a big plan.

The emperor sent the chamberlain to show the imperial edict he had written to Wang Xijue, hoping to wait for his son, and ordered the eldest son and two second sons to be temporarily enfeoffed as kings. Wang Xijue was afraid of losing the emperor's will and immediately drafted an imperial edict.

However, he was worried about public opinion, so he advised: "Ma Huanghou of Emperor Hanming, Empress of Emperor Tang Ming and Empress Liu all raised your concubine's son as their own son, asking the emperor to instruct the empress to raise the eldest son, so the eldest son is the lineal son, and the biological mother doesn't have to be honored to suppress the imperial concubine." It is also suggested that the decree be submitted to the palace.

Neither Zhao nor Zhang Wei in the same column had heard of it beforehand. The emperor actually sent the previous imperial edict to the ceremony officer, and ordered the etiquette to be prepared immediately.

Therefore, the whole court was in an uproar. Shi Menglin and Luo, ministers of the Ministry of Justice, collectively went to Wang Xijue's residence to fight for it.

Court ministers and lecturers presented their memorials several times a day. Wang Xijue, Zhao and Zhang Qian tried their best to ask the emperor to restore the previous letters, but the emperor did not listen to them.

Soon, more people protested. Yue, Gu Yuncheng, Zhong Nabi, Chen Tailai, Yu, Li, Zeng Fengyi, Zhong Huamin, Xiang Dezhen and others stopped Wang Xijue in court and argued with him face to face. Li Tengfang also wrote a letter to Wang Xijue.

Wang Xijue invited the court to discuss, but the emperor did not agree. He asked for a face-to-face statement, but there was no reply.

So he impeached his mistake and asked to be removed from the official position. Under the pressure of public opinion, the emperor withdrew and shelved the previous order, and ordered to wait for two or three years to discuss the implementation of the album.

Wang Xijue immediately summoned the emperor, made a quick decision, and said, "In the past, when the eldest son was just born, he had issued a letter of Amnesty. The imperial edict called' Only the Ancestral Society' clearly regarded him as the Crown Prince. What are you thinking now? You haven't decided yet? " There is no answer.

Comets appeared in July, and there were laws to practice and reflect. Wang Xijue asked the emperor to summon the minister.

He also advised that "the comet is approaching the purple constellation, and the emperor should be cautious and should relax the punishment around." Don't indulge in diseases and distribute money and food to spread the emperor's favor. " After a month, he remonstrated and said, "The comet has entered the purple constellation, and it can't be destroyed by employing people alone. Only the crown prince can eliminate the disaster.

Uranus astrology is called the emperor star, and Prince astrology is called the former star. Now that the previous star has been illuminated, the emperor did not make a decision early, which led to this disaster.

If the crown prince is conferred quickly, the astronomical changes will naturally disappear. "The emperor replied that he still insisted on waiting for the arrival of spring.

Wang Xijue repeatedly showed strong persuasion, and he repeatedly pleaded. In November, on the birthday of the Empress Dowager, the emperor presided over the palace gate to receive greetings, and called Wang Xijue to NuanGe alone to comfort him, saying, "Your support for your mother to come to Kyoto is indeed a combination of loyalty and filial piety."

Wang Xijue kowtowed and thanked him and took this opportunity to ask the emperor to determine the foundation of the country as soon as possible. The emperor asked, "What if the queen gives birth to a son?" He replied: "This statement was ok ten years ago. Now the eldest son is thirteen years old. What are you waiting for? " Besides, are there any 13-year-old children who haven't studied since ancient times? "The emperor was moved.

Wang Xijue then asked the emperor to call more ministers to talk and protect him.

6. Ouyang Ye solved the case with classical Chinese translation.

When Ouyang Ye was in charge of Ezhou in Song Dynasty, some citizens died because of a boat dispute, and the case has been pending for a long time. Ouyang Ye personally went to the prison, took the prisoners out, sat them in the hall, took off the handcuffs and shackles, and gave them food. After dinner, he was sent back to prison with good condolences, leaving only one person in the yard. This man looks scared.

Ouyang Ye said, "It's you who killed!" The man pretended not to know. Ouyang Ye said: "All people who observe diet use their right hands, only you use your left hand. The person who was killed injured his right rib, not who are you? " Men are speechless.

original text

Ouyang Ye ruled Ezhou, and the people fought for the boat to death, and the prison was long. Ye came to his prison, sat in court, went to the prison where he was handcuffed, ate, ate and went back to work. If you leave a person alone in court, those who stay will be pale and worried. Ye said, "You are the murderer!" The prisoner pretended not to know.

Ye said: "I think all people who eat have chopsticks in their right hand, while you have chopsticks in your left hand." Today, the deceased was injured in the right rib, not who are you? " None of the prisoners is right.

source

Feng Menglong's Complete Works of Think Tank in Ming Dynasty.

Extended data

I. Enlightenment

This paper introduces the story of Ouyang Ye, the hero, who successfully solved the case by using scientific methods and clever mind. It tells us to judge cases with both science and wisdom.

Second, the profile of the characters.

Ouyang Ye, whose real name is Rihua, was born in Luling, Jiangxi (now Yongfeng shaxi town, Ji 'an, Jiangxi). Zhou Xiande, who was born in the Southern Tang Dynasty after the reform in the late Yuan Dynasty, died in Dingzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty for four years (A.D. 1037) at the age of 79. He finally got home, Ouyang Yan's third son, Ouyang Xiu's uncle and Xiu's father.

In the third year of Xianping, Ouyang Ye and his younger brother Ouyang Guan (Ouyang Xiu's father) were promoted to Jinshi Jiake together. During the period of Song Dazhong Xiangfu, he was an official in Suizhou, an official in Nanxiong, an official in Suiyang and Langchang, and a secretary in Jiangling House. He knew about Guiyang Lanhuangyong, worshipped Prince Zhongyun, Tai Changcheng and the doctor, and became an official in other places. Later, his nephew Ouyang Xiu went into politics, and Ouyang Yefeng gave a gift to the Ministry of War.