Brief introduction of Chen Tuan

Chen Tuan (? -989 AD) The word "Tunan" bears the name of "Fu Yaozi". In the later Tang Dynasty, it was given the equal sign of "Qing Xu Chu Shi" by Mingzong, "Mr. Baiyun" by Zhou Shizong and "Mr. Yi Xi" by Song Taizong. A famous recluse in the late Tang Dynasty and early Song Dynasty, his life stories can be found in Taihua Yi Xi Zhi, Historical Fairy Mirror, and Biography of Song People's Seclusion. According to historical documents, Chen Tuan's birth date is not limited, and his native place is as follows: 1. Bozhou (now Bozhou, Anhui) Zhenyuan, 2. Xiluo (now Luoshui West, Luoyang, Henan), 3. Zhou Pu (now Tongnan, Sichuan) and 4. Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Chongqing). So far, the academic community has not reached a conclusion.

When Chen Tuan was four or five years old, she was nursed by an old woman in Tsing Yi by the river and began to learn to speak. From then on, she was brilliant and read widely at the age of fifteen. After the failure of the senior high school entrance examination in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, family changes, frequent regime changes and social chaos, Chen Tuan realized that fame and fortune were like floating clouds, and decided to travel around and seek immortality to visit Taoism. I went to customs clearance in Qiongzhou, Sichuan, and learned "nose lock" from He Changyi. He has lived in seclusion for more than 20 years in Jiushiyan, Wudang Mountain, being prepared for danger in times of peace, practicing persuasion and avoiding valley. Later, he moved to Huashan yuntaiguan and Hua Shao Shishi. Chen Tuan's knowledge, poetry, calligraphy and painting attainments were highly appreciated by both the ruling and opposition parties at that time. Today, there are still several calligraphy stone carvings, such as "Kaitian Horse" in Luoyang, Henan Province, and "Fu" and "Shou" tablets in Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province. Apart from meeting with Qian Ruoshui, Zhang Yong and others, Chen Tuan rarely negotiated with ordinary literati, and most of his contacts were hermits and Buddhists, such as Li Qi, Zhong Liquan, Lv Dongbin, Ma Yi, Tan Qiao and others. After Zhou Shizong, Song Taizu, Song Taizong and other emperors all ordered Chen Tuan to enter the palace and give him an official position, but they all refused to be an official, and only replied with rewards and poems. In the second year of the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 989), Chen Tuan died in the stone chamber of Zhangchao Valley in Lotus Peak.

Chen Tuan loves to study Zhouyi, and he once annotated The Classic of Righteousness written by Taoist Mayi. His interpretation of the sixty-four hexagrams fully embodies his thought of learning images and numbers easily. Chen Tuan's Yi-ology works and their inheritance can be summarized as: 1. Yi Longtu, He Tu and Luo Shu: Chen Tuan → Zhi → Geli → Xu Jian → Fan Jiaochang → Liu Mu, 2. Congenital map: Ma Yi Dao Zhe → Chen Tuan → Planting → Muxiu → Li Zhicai. It is not difficult to see that the Neo-Confucians in the Northern Song Dynasty were more or less influenced by Chen Tuan's Yi-ology, and then constructed their own theories, such as Liu Mu's Yi Shu Gou Yin Tu, which played the role of image number; Shao Yong's Book of Poems by Huang Jijing expounds the theory of congenital image number; Zhou Dunyi's Taiji diagram is the result of Confucianism of Wuji diagram.

Chen Tuan's works on Neidan include Eighty-one Chapters of the Supreme Mystery, Tactics of Fetal Breath, Viewing the Empty Chapters, and Notes on the Song of Yin Zhen's King Hui Dan (suspected works in disguise). His Infinite Map divides the process of Neidan into five stages: epiphany → self-cultivation → harmony → getting medicine → birth. On the whole, Chen Tuan inherited the theories of Zhouyi Shentongqi and Zhonglu Neidan, combined the ideas of Yi-ology and Laozi and Zhuangzi, absorbed the purport of Buddhism and Zen, gave new meaning to the original ideas, and then expounded his own practice theory, which influenced the famous Neidan scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Zhang Wumeng, Chen Jingyuan and Zhang Boduan. Chen Tuan is also famous for his sleeping skills. He advocates lying down and resting, and can concentrate on resting, and often can't afford to sleep for dozens of days. He once told his disciples the difference between "secular sleep" and "human sleep" Once he knows the trick, he practices even in his sleep. This kind of sleeping skill or sitting skill, which tends to retreat, may be quite popular in later generations. In the Ming Dynasty, Gao Lian's Eight Chapters of Respect for Life included the sleeping charts of Chen Xiyi's left and right sides, and the general tactics of Huashan Twelve Sleeping Methods and Huashan Twelve Sleeping Methods were spread all over the world. Today, the National Library of China has a collection of Chen Xiyi's Twenty-four Qigong Guidance Therapy Map and Chen Xiyi's Zuo Gong Map, which are also considered as biographies of Chen Tuan. The History of Song Dynasty records Chen Tuan's works, including Fables of Three Peaks, Collected Works of Lai and Yutang Collection, with more than 600 poems. Most of his works have been lost, and Chinese scholar Li has collected lost articles for many years, including Zhi Xuan Pian, Guan Kong Pian, Fei Xi Ji, Yi Shuo Pian, Poem, etc. , a total of forty or fifty thousand words.

China's traditional drama, art and folk works often take Chen Tuan as the theme. For example, learning the introduction song "Xianwengcao" of Guqin, the "Xianweng" in the title and lyrics refers to Chen Tuan; Ma Zhiyuan (A.D. 1250- A.D. 132 1), a master of zaju in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote Chen Tuan on the Mount of Xihua, which is about Song Taizu being proclaimed emperor by Chen Tuan and wanting to repay his kindness with fame and fortune, while Chen Tuan just wants to live in seclusion. In Anhui, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other places in China, there are many folk tales about Chen Tuan, which have been collected and compiled into a book The Legend of Chen Tuan. Several ancient books about martial arts, such as Wei Zi DuShu Quan Shu, Chen Xiang Quan Bian, Ren Jian, etc. , are considered to be handed down by Chen Tuan, or written by Chen Tuan under the guise of literature, which may be related to Chen Tuan's ability to predict people's good or bad luck. Chen Tuan is the altar supervisor of Taoist Zen in Fujian and Taiwan.