How do flower buds differentiate?

Flowers are important organs of sexual reproduction in plants. The quantity and quality of flowers not only directly affect the ornamental effect, but also affect the seed yield of flowers. Understanding and mastering the flower bud differentiation mechanism of flowers is of great significance to guide fertilization.

1. flower bud differentiation type

Due to the differences of flower species, varieties, regions, cultivation methods and other factors, flower bud differentiation can not have the same type, and the period of starting differentiation and the length of time required to complete differentiation are also different. It can be roughly divided into five types, as shown in table 1- 1.

Characteristics of flower bud differentiation Differentiation time Fertility point differentiation in natural flowering Example: Summer and autumn differentiation occurs from June to September every year, and low temperature conditions are needed in the later stage, and the differentiation is discontinuous. The peony, clove, plum blossom, peach blossom and bulbous flower in early spring are 1. Control nitrogen and water in the early stage of flower bud differentiation, supplement phosphorus and potassium, and pay attention to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the later stage. 2. Basal fertilizer should be applied to bulbous flowers during the growth period, and quick-acting fertilizer should be applied once every 65,438+05 ~ 20 days. For the root tuber planted in spring, the key period of fertilization is from long summer to autumn. The differentiation time of winter-spring differentiation type 65,438+02 ~ March of the following year is concentrated and uninterrupted, and the ground temperature is low during the differentiation period of citrus, so more attention should be paid to foliar fertilization. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is 2: 3, and the differentiated summer and autumn flower buds are born in the same year. Pruning and differentiation of day lily, chrysanthemum, Lagerstroemia indica and hawthorn in summer and autumn can promote the growth of new shoots and ensure the sustainability of nutrient supply. The appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 1: 0.5.

2. Mechanism of flower bud differentiation

Flower bud differentiation is the most important part of flower life activities. The degree of flower bud differentiation not only affects the quantity and quality of flowers, but also is an important factor that can not be ignored in flower seed production. Over the years, many researchers have done a lot of work on the flowering physiology of plants, put forward many theories of flower bud differentiation, and explained the mechanism of flower bud differentiation from a certain level, which is of great significance to the development of flower industry. The famous theories of flower bud differentiation include carbon-nitrogen ratio theory, cell fluid concentration theory and hormone theory.

Characteristics of flower bud differentiation and differentiation time differentiation during natural flowering: Examples of fertilization points: flower bud differentiation can be carried out in all seasons of multi-differentiation type, and the flower bud placement position is the same as that of the primary differentiation type of that year. Annual rose, jasmine, upside-down golden bell, carnation, etc. 1. nitrogen is the main factor to promote the establishment of nutrition in the early stage. 2. Pay attention to nutrition in the later stage. 3. No loss of nutrition during the growth period. Irregular differentiation can be differentiated once a year. It needs certain nutrient accumulation, such as pineapple family, banana family and so on. 1. During the vegetative growth period, pay attention to the continuous supply of fertilizer and water, mainly nitrogen, supplemented by a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote the rapid accumulation of nutrients. 2. Combination of fertilizer and water underground and above ground.