Appreciation of Du Mu's ancient poem Red Cliff.

Creative background: This poem was written by the poet after passing through the famous ancient battlefield Chibi (now Chiji Mountain in the southwest of Wuchang County, Hubei Province) and feeling the success or failure of heroes in the Three Kingdoms period. The poet watched the remains of the ancient battlefield and expressed his unique views on Battle of Red Cliffs.

Appreciation of words: broken halberd: broken halberd. Ji, an ancient weapon. Pin: pin corrosion. Will: Pick it up. Polishing and cleaning: polishing and cleaning. Recognize the former dynasty: recognize the halberd as a relic of defeating Cao. Dongfeng: refers to a battle in the Three Kingdoms period-burning Chibi. Zhou Lang: It refers to Zhou Yu. His name is Gong Jin. When he was young, he was very famous. He was almost Zhou Lang. Later, he served as the commander-in-chief of Wujun and participated in Battle of Red Cliffs, which was the main figure in this campaign.

Tongquetai: The Tongquetai built by Cao Cao in Linzhang County, Hebei Province. There is a big bronze sparrow terrace on the roof, and concubines and prostitutes live on the platform, which is a playground for Cao Cao in his later years. Er Qiao: One of Wu Dong's two daughters married Sun Ce (the elder brother of Sun Quan), a former monarch, named Da Qiao, and the other married Zhou Yu, a military commander, named Xiao Qiao, collectively known as "Er Qiao".

Good sentence: The east wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang, and the copper finches are locked in Er Qiao in spring.

Artistic Conception and Emotion: The two women in the poem, Da Qiao and Er Qiao, are not ordinary characters, but ladies belonging to the highest class of the Soochow ruling class. Da Qiao was the wife of Sun Ce, the former leader of Dongwu, and Sun Quan, the leader of Dongwu at that time, while Xiao Qiao was the wife of Zhou Yu, the military commander who led all the land and water armies of Dongwu to fight against Cao Cao. Although they had nothing to do with this campaign, their status and status represented the dignity of Dongwu as an independent political entity.

Wu Dong is not dead, they can never be attributed to Cao Cao; Even if they are humiliated, Wu Dong's social and biological experience can be imagined. Therefore, the poet described Cao Cao's arrogance after his victory and Wu Dong's humiliation after his defeat in the case of "the east wind is not as convenient as Zhou Lang" with a poem like "a bronze sparrow locks Er Qiao in the spring", which is extremely powerful. It not only sets off the hero with beauty, but also reflects Zhou Lang in the previous sentence, showing more affection.

Poetry creation must use image thinking, and image language is the direct reality of image thinking. Observing life with thinking in images and creatively reflecting life are the life of poetry. In this poem, Du Mu used the vivid poem "A Bronze finch is deep in spring", that is, seeing the big from the small, which is his unique success in artistic treatment. In addition, this poem overemphasizes the role of Dongfeng, instead of praising Zhou Yu's victory from the front, it bears his failure from the opposite side.

Du Mu was proficient in politics and military affairs, and had a clear understanding of the struggle situation between the central government and the buffer region, and between the Han nationality and Tubo at that time, and put forward some useful suggestions to the court. It's hard to imagine that Monk knew that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony" during the Warring States Period, but Du Mu also attributed Zhou Yu's victory in Battle of Red Cliffs to the accidental east wind.

I'm afraid he wrote this way because he is conceited and knows soldiers, and he used historical events to vent his depression in his chest. It also implies Ruan Ji's lament that "there was no hero in the battlefield of Guangwu, and his son became famous", but the text is very vague and not good-looking.

Appreciation of the full text: "Iron is not sold, but it was washed away by the former dynasty." These two sentences mean that the broken Zhan Ji sank in the sand and was not eroded. After grinding, he recognized it as a relic of the previous dynasty. Here, these two descriptions seem dull, but they are uneven. The broken halberd is buried in the sand, pointing out the historical situation here. The broken sand in Zhan Ji has not been eroded, suggesting that time has passed and things have changed.

It was because of the discovery of this rusty "broken halberd" buried at the bottom of the river for more than 600 years that the poet had a lot of thoughts, so he had to grind it out and identify it, and found that it was a weapon left over by Battle of Red Cliffs. In this way, the remains of the former dynasty further aroused the author's imagination and laid a good foundation for the later expression.

"Dongfeng is not with Zhou Lang, and Tongque Chunsuo Er Qiao." These last two familiar words mean that if Dongfeng hadn't helped Zhou Yu, Tongquetai would have locked Er Qiao in Dongwu. This involves the famous Battle of Red Cliffs in history.

Battle of Red Cliffs and Zhou Yu defeated the outnumbered enemy with fire attack, but he was able to use fire attack because of the strong east wind at the decisive moment. Therefore, the poet commented on the reasons for the success or failure of this war, and only chose the winner at that time-Zhou Lang and the factor he relied on to win-Dongfeng to write. Because of the key to this victory, he finally had to return to Dongfeng, so he put Dongfeng in a more important position.

However, he didn't describe how Dongfeng helped Zhou Lang win, but wrote from the opposite side: If Dongfeng didn't bring convenience to Zhou Lang this time, the outcome would be transposed and the historical situation would be completely changed. Therefore, I will write the hypothetical situation after Sun and Liu defeated after the victory. However, it does not directly describe the changes in the political and military situation, but only indirectly depicts the fate that two famous Wu Dong beauties will bear.

If Cao Cao wins, then Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao will be robbed and put in a bronze sparrow terrace for him to enjoy. The bronze sparrow terrace here shows the romantic side of Cao Cao, and it is said that Deep Spring has deepened this romantic charm. Finally, the word "lock" is used to further highlight the meaning of its golden house. The victory or defeat of this smoke-filled war is very meaningful.

Extended data:

Du Mu (803- 852) was born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Du Mu was an outstanding poet and essayist in Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Du You, the prime minister, and the son of Du You. Tang Wenzong Daiwa was a 26-year-old scholar in the second year and was awarded the post of Hong Wen Pavilion. Later, he went to Jiangxi to inspect the ambassador's tent, and then turned to Huainan to inspect the ambassador's tent. He was the editor of the National History Museum, the food department, Bibi department and Si Xun, and the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".

Du Mu's poems are famous for their seven-character quatrains, and the main content is to chant history and express emotion. His poems are handsome and natural, and cut into secular things. He achieved great success in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish it from Du Fu and "Da Du". Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Du Mu