Wei Zi apo

The moon is the biggest and brightest planet we can see at night. Sometimes it twists and turns, sometimes it is round and hazy, which brings us infinite reverie.

We have been exposed to many ancient poems describing the moon since childhood. For example, Li Bai's "Drinking the Bright Moon Alone": "From from a pot of wine among the flowers, drinking alone. No one is with me. Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people. The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind. But there was still a time when I had these friends who cheered me up at the end of spring ... "And I could recite Silent Night Thinking when I was three years old:" There is such bright light at the foot of my bed. Could it have been frosty? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " Su Shi, "When is the bright moon? Ask heaven for wine. I don't know the heavenly palace. What year is tonight? "How bold and unrestrained.

There are many legends about the moon. For example, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Tengu ate the moon, WU GANG won the laurel and so on. These poems, legends and the moon itself have become a part of our culture.

With the exploration of Apollo manned moon landing and China Chang 'e lunar exploration project, we know that there is no Chang 'e, no Jade Rabbit and no Guanghan Palace on the moon. However, there are all kinds of craters on the moon, colorful "seas", "oceans" and "lakes". I believe many people are interested in the moon and want to observe it with naked eyes or astronomical telescopes, or learn about it through books. Recently, the National Museum of Beijing exhibited lunar soil samples, which made many people interested in the moon.

The Guide to Lunar Observation is such a book, which can make readers fully understand the moon and understand it. It is not only an authoritative guide for observing the moon, but also introduces the topography of the moon in detail. Such as storm ocean, dream lake, Hongwan, Aristotle crater, Jura mountain range, straight wall and so on. It covers 13 moon sea, 76 craters and other landforms. In addition, the book also explains in detail China's lunar exploration project and the American Apollo program.

Zhou Kun, the author of this book, founded Qingdao Ai Shan Observatory on 20 13, and served as the director. Before that, he had been a special correspondent for China National Astronomy, reporting and shooting news about astronomy and space. The author participated in the interviews of all manned spaceflight projects and Chang 'e projects in China, and the picture of "the whole trajectory of Tiangong-2 launch" was selected as the best picture in the country that year. He is one of the few journalists in China who can enter the space launch site.

This book is first and foremost an authoritative guide to lunar observation. If you want to observe the moon, besides the naked eye, the best observation instrument is the astronomical telescope. Maybe many white people, like me, think that the astronomical telescope is an enlarged version of the telescope, but in fact there is a lot of knowledge in it.

First of all, astronomical telescopes are divided into three types: refractive telescopes, reflective telescopes and catadioptric telescopes. The optical systems of these three telescopes are different, and their advantages and disadvantages are also different, so it is particularly important to choose the most suitable telescope. This book explains the origin of each kind of telescope and points out their advantages and disadvantages. I believe Xiaobai can know what kind of telescope to choose after reading it.

APO refraction telescope is the standard of the public, and you can buy a small-caliber APO telescope for more than 2,000 yuan. However, the huge mass of refractive telescope objective is the first factor limiting its development. Even if the refraction telescope imaging is very sharp, the world's large-aperture telescope does not use refraction.

Reflective telescope has a shortcoming that beginners are difficult to learn, that is, the adjustment of "optical axis". Because the reflective telescope is actually a kind of telescope that can get a clear image only when the two groups of optical paths of three lenses completely overlap, and the three groups of lenses can easily change their positions when moving or disassembling, so it needs to be recalibrated before each use. Correcting the optical axis is a matter that requires both experience and time. Even the smallest error will have a great impact on imaging. Therefore, many people are discouraged from reflecting telescopes because of the optical axis, thus missing large-aperture telescopes.

Reflective telescope has excellent optical performance, so it will soon become another choice for major observatories and astronomy enthusiasts all over the world. Because of its strong focusing ability and small focal ratio, it has become the main telescope for sky survey observation at present.

If there is no astronomical telescope, you can also observe the moon with binoculars commonly used at home. Its greatest advantage is that it can be observed with both eyes. Compared with a single telescope, observing the moon with two eyes will have a comfortable sense of body and a more three-dimensional visual impact. No matter how big binoculars are, they can get clearer images than the naked eye.

In addition, the book also introduces the choice of eyepiece, tracking device, weather, environment and date.

The moon is rich in terrain. There are moon sea, moon lake, moon bay, crater, moon valley, straight wall and so on. The following are some representative landforms in the book.

female horse

The so-called moon sea refers to the relatively low-lying plains on the surface of the moon or the huge depressions filled with lava. When people look at the moon with the naked eye, they will see some dark spots. These huge dark areas are called the Moon Sea. The largest moon sea is the storm sea.

Yuehu

Moon Lake is also a kind of moon sea, but its area is relatively small. However, some moon lakes are bigger than the moon sea, for example, Dream Lake is bigger than the steam sea. There are five moon lakes on the moon, namely Dream Lake, Dead Lake, Summer Lake, Autumn Lake and Spring Lake.

Aesthetic sinus

The part of the moon and the sea that extends to the land is called the "bay", which is distributed on the front of the moon. There are five: Luwan, Summer Bay, Central Bay, Hongwan and Yue Mei Bay.

volcanic vent

Besides the dark moon sea, the most striking and desirable thing on the surface of the moon is the craters all over the place. Crater mountain means "bowl" in Greek, and usually refers to the moon pit with bowl-shaped pit structure. The ring wall around most craters on the surface of the moon is craters, but generally we refer to craters and surrounding ring walls as craters. The author divides the moon into 19 observation areas and introduces each crater separately.

Moon valley

Topographic structure of the lunar surface. Some large black cracks have been found in many areas on the surface of the moon, which meander hundreds of kilometers and are several kilometers to dozens of kilometers wide, like mighty rivers rushing to the ocean, similar in shape to the Great Rift Valley in East Africa on the earth, and called the Moon Valley.

Yuexi

It is used to describe the dark and long cracks on the surface of the moon, similar to streams on the earth, and is usually used to describe any long and narrow grooves on the surface of the moon, similar to river beds. These months, circulation is often thousands of meters wide and hundreds of kilometers long. According to its nature, Yuexi can be divided into three types: meandering Yuexi, Gongyuexi and Zhiyuexi, which is of great significance for people on earth to study the development history of the moon.

Mountains: Mountains on the moon.

shawl

A prominent part of the moon sea or bay.

Straight wall

The straight wall is the most spectacular and longest fault on the moon and a famous landmark on the moon. The total length of the vertical wall is 120km, and the height is 300 ~ 400m. When the sunlight hits this area obliquely, we can see its face clearly through its shadow. The straight wall is almost a straight cliff with a slope of only 15.

Almost all of us have heard the saying: "This is a small step for individuals, but it is a big step for mankind." This sentence was said by Armstrong, the first American astronaut to set foot on the moon. So far, the United States is the first and only country to send astronauts to the moon. The grand goal of achieving this extraordinary achievement is called "Apollo Project".

Many people may have a superficial understanding of the Apollo program, thinking that the Apollo program was a mission to let Americans land on the moon for the first time, but in fact the Apollo program was a series of manned missions to the moon organized and implemented by the United States from 196 1 to 1972. From Apollo 1 to Apollo 17, the last mission, * * * sent astronauts to the moon six times. The six times were Apollo 1 1, Apollo 12, Apollo 14, Apollo 15 and Apollo 15. Where Apollo 1 1 is the time when Armstrong landed.

There is also an episode about Apollo 1 1. When Armstrong and Aldrin were going to leave from the moon, the button to start the engine was broken at some point, which made it impossible to open the button back and forth, that is, the engine could not be started. The engine will not start, and the two of them will stay on the moon forever. At that time, Aldrin tried several times and failed. At this time, a ballpoint pen in Aldrin's pocket became their savior. He inserted one end of the ballpoint pen into the start switch and then pushed it forward. The engine actually started successfully, and they successfully returned to Earth.

It has been nearly 50 years since Apollo 17 left the moon, and no one has ever set foot on the moon again. Recently, China's Chang 'e V brought the soil on the moon back to Earth and showed it in the news of the National Museum. We have finally successfully completed the overall planning goal of "circling, falling and returning" for China's lunar exploration project. It has also achieved five "China firsts": one is the sampling and packaging of extraterrestrial objects; The second is the ignition take-off and accurate orbit entry on extraterrestrial celestial bodies; Third, unmanned rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit and sample transfer; The fourth is to carry the moon sample back at the second cosmic speed; The fifth is to establish the storage, analysis and research system of lunar samples in China. As a native of China, I am full of pride. China's scientific and technological progress means that China is stronger, and we are no longer an oppressed nation.

When the Guide to Lunar Observation was published (April 20th), Chang 'e V had not been launched (165438+1October 20th). This book introduces the three-step strategic planning of China's lunar exploration project in detail, reviews the mission of Chang 'e 1~4 and the prospect of Chang 'e-5, and provides valuable information for readers to understand China's lunar exploration project.

The picture information in this book is very rich. At the end of the book, it also provides us with a 3D map of the moon, through which we can appreciate the shocking impact of the three-dimensional moon through red and blue glasses.

In addition, it is worth mentioning the existence of Guanghan Palace. In 20 15, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved the naming of the area around the landing site of Chang 'e-3 probe as Guanghan Palace, and the three impact craters nearby were named Wei Zi, Shi Tian and Taiwei respectively. The book also lists Zu Chongzhi, Li Bai, Zhang Heng and other China elements on the moon. These can be learned in detail through this book.

On the 27th of last month, samples of lunar soil began to be exhibited in the National Museum, and friends in Beijing were blessed. It doesn't matter if you can't go. You can open this book and appreciate the charm and mystery of the moon.