The characteristics of each plant

Problem description:

Citrus, peanuts, Ju Peng, crape myrtle, Ophiopogon japonicus, longan, loquat, Jinhu, chlorophytum, and bachelor tree.

Diamond Rose, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Winter Coral

(It is required to find out their uses, living environment and morphological characteristics. )

Analysis:

Oranges: Oranges belong to Citrinae of Rutaceae and are small evergreen trees. China is mainly planted in the provinces south of the Yangtze River.

Orange peel is thin, peel and pulp are easy to separate, and fruit petals are also easy to separate; Citrus belongs to the category of high yield, comprehensive nutrition and easy preservation in fruits. Citrus contains a lot of citric acid, which has a protective effect on vitamin C. Therefore, after being processed into juice, most of the most easily destroyed vitamin C can be preserved. The calcium content is 10 times higher than that of apple. Chinese medicine believes that orange peel can regulate qi, eliminate phlegm, relieve cough, strengthen spleen and stomach. Orange collaterals can dredge meridians, eliminate phlegm and treat neuralgia.

Peanut Peanut is a leguminous crop, which is one of the main oil varieties of high-quality edible oil, also known as "groundnut" or "longevity fruit". Peanut is millet. Originated in tropical and subtropical areas of South America. /kloc-was introduced to China in the 6th century, and/kloc-was developed at the end of the 9th century. Now it is planted all over the country.

The fruit of peanut is pod, which is usually divided into three types: large, medium and small, with cocoon shape, beaded shape and curved stick shape. Cocoon pods usually have 2 seeds, beaded and stick pods, and generally have more than 3 seeds. The color of the shell is mostly yellow-white, but also yellow-brown, brown or yellow, which is related to the variety and soil quality of peanuts. The seeds in peanut shells are generally called peanuts or kernels, and consist of seed coat, cotyledons and embryos. The seed coat is light brown or light red in color. The seed coat has two cotyledons, ivory or ivory.

Chrysanthemum morifolium is a plant of Wedelia in Compositae, which is native to Central and South America. Greening has been widely distributed in South China and some coastal areas since its introduction. Its flowers are head flowers, including tubular flowers and pseudoligulate flowers, in which the appendages (fleshy spines) in the petals of tubular flowers may affect normal pollination to some extent; There is no obstacle to pollination medium, pollen viability and stigma receptivity are poor, seed setting rate is very low, and seed germination rate is low under normal circumstances. Wedelia australis mainly reproduces asexually, constantly occupying new space with the help of stolons, gradually taking root and producing new plants at nodes. Wedelia antarctica has strong asexual reproduction ability and strong plasticity of stem segments. The experiments of cutting and layering show that all the jointed stem segments have the potential to successfully develop and expand the population, so their potential invasion ability can not be ignored.

Lagerstroemia indica, also known as full house red, is a deciduous shrub or small tree, with a height of 7 meters, irregular crown, smooth bark, light brown and four sides of tender branches; Leaves opposite, oval to round, 3-7 cm long; The panicle is terminal, with reddish purple flowers, also known as Lagerstroemia indica, and the stem is 3-5 cm. The flowering period is long, from June to September; The capsule is nearly spherical, the stem is about 1.2 cm, and the fruit matures10-1month. It is a widely planted ornamental tree species;

Its varieties are Yin Wei and Cuiwei. Produced in East China, South China and Southwest China. The area south of the Great Wall is cultivated land. Like light, like shade flowers less, like warm, poor cold resistance. Small seedlings can't overwinter in the open air, and big seedlings have the phenomenon of near wind burning, which has strong adaptability to urban green space and stronger tolerance to saline-alkali and drought.

Ophiopogon japonicus, also known as Ophiopogon japonicus mosaic and Danish grass, belongs to Ophiopogon japonicus of Liliaceae, also known as Ophiopogon japonicus. Perennial herbs with slender roots, usually with spindle-shaped tuberous roots at the end; The underground transverse stem is long and the thickness is 1 ~ 2mm. The aboveground stems are short and enclosed in the leaf base. Scapes are slightly shorter or almost equal to leaves, racemes are1~ 7cm long, and there are several or more flowers 10. Perianth segments are ovate-lanceolate, 4 ~ 6mm long, white or purplish, and seeds are nearly spherical or oval, with a diameter of 5 ~ 6mm ... Born in oak forest or spruce forest, in bushes or beside water. Mainly distributed in South China, Southwest China, Central China and East China.

Longan Longan (also called Longan) belongs to the family Sapindaceae, Longan. All genera 10 species, all from tropical Asia. As a fruit tree, there is only one species of longan in China, and its cultivation history is over 2000 years. I. Distribution China is the main producing area of longan in the world, including Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan Province, Hainan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces.

Fruit trees grow fast, bear fruit early and have a long life, which has developed rapidly in the whole province in recent years. However, longan is warm and afraid of freezing, and it is extremely vulnerable to low temperature frost.

Loquat Rosaceae, Loquat. Small evergreen tree. The leaves are thick, leathery, rectangular, with serrated edges and fine hairs on the back. Flowers in early winter, small, five petals, white and fragrant; Stamens are more than petals, and often several flowers are clustered. In the summer of the following year, the fruit is ripe, and the berries are round or oval, pale yellow, hairy outside and contain about two or three large seeds. Originally from China, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places are the most cultivated. Fruit is eaten raw or canned. Flowers are a good source of honey. Leaves can be used as medicine, which is flat in nature, bitter in taste, clearing away lung-heat, lowering qi and regulating stomach-qi, and is mainly used to treat cough, vomiting and hiccup caused by lung heat.

Jinhu Jinhu, also known as ivory ball, is a perennial succulent plant of cactus. Stems globose, solitary or clustered. The diameter of the ball can reach 30 cm to 80 cm, with 20 to 30 edges, dense golden flat strong thorns and yellow crown hair. These flowers are terminal and yellow. I like a warm, dry and sunny environment. Not cold-resistant, drought-resistant, semi-cloudy, water-resistant and moisture-resistant. Suitable for fertile, loose and well-drained calcareous sandy loam. The temperature in winter shall not be lower than 5℃. Golden Lake Sphere * * *, huge and green, is even more magnificent if it is decorated with large potted plants in public places such as shopping malls and hotels. Home interior decoration with golden amber seedlings is also exotic and charming. At present, it is more used for exhibitions to shape the wonderful landscape of tropical deserts.

Dictyophora is a perennial herb of Liliaceae and Dictyophora, which is native to South Africa. There are tufted cylindrical fleshy roots and short rhizomes. The leaves are basal, strip-shaped to long-lanceolate, whole or slightly wavy, and the scape is pulled out from the axils of the leaves, which is 30 ~ 50 cm long and bends to form new creeping branches. Racemes, small white flowers, flowering in spring and summer, indoor flowering in winter.

It likes warm and humid climate, should be loose and fertile soil, not cold-resistant, should grow in semi-shade, avoid direct sunlight in summer, grow rapidly at 15 ~ 25℃, and can safely overwinter in winter when it is not lower than 5℃.

The bachelor tree is an erect shrub or small tree, belonging to Euphorbiaceae, also known as green Yushu and green coral. The stems are erect, branched, fleshy, cylindrical, green, clustered or scattered; It has no leaves or few leaves, and is a foliage plant with morphological variation; Capsule is dark brown and hairy.

The bachelor tree is easy to reproduce and grow in warm areas. When cultivated in a humid and warm place, some leaves will grow on the lower part of the trunk. This slight change also occurs in order to adapt to the humid environment, and some small leaves will grow to increase the evaporation of water, thus achieving the water balance in the body.

The white milk in the trunk of the bachelor tree has a high hydrocarbon content and can be used to make oil.

Diamond Rose Diamond Rose is a variety of modern Chinese rose, belonging to the deciduous shrub Rosa of Rosaceae. Plants are clustered, grow upright, 30 cm to 50 cm high, with thorns on the stems and pinnately compound leaves. Diamond roses like warm, humid, sunny and airy environment, avoid darkness, humidity and poor ventilation, have certain cold tolerance, and are suitable for growing in loose and fertile soil containing humus.

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, belonging to Polygonaceae perennial herb lianas. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. has strong vitality, and its tuberous roots often grow into various forms, either like human beings or turtles. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Because of its fat root, it has the effects of "benefiting qi and blood, blackening hair, pleasing color, lengthening bones and muscles, benefiting essence and prolonging life" Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica is called "goblin", which is recognized as "anti-aging traditional Chinese medicine" in ancient and modern Chinese medicine circles.

Winter Coral Winter Coral is a small shrub, which belongs to the erect branch of Solanaceae. Leaves alternate, oval or leaflike, with different sizes. Flowers are axillary, white and bloom in summer and autumn. Berries are solitary, with a few twins,10-65438+mature in February. Berry coral red, shaped like an architectural peach, is also called coral cherry, which is an ideal flower for potted fruit viewing in winter.

Winter coral is native to Brazil in South America and widely cultivated in China. There are several species of winter coral, such as coral bean, short-lived winter coral, pointed fruit winter coral and orange fruit winter coral. Like warm, open cultivation in South China. The Yangtze River basin can also be cultivated in the open field, but the branches wither in winter, and new branches sprout in the middle and lower parts of the base branches in the following year. North China is used for potted viewing. It needs plenty of light, but it grows in the shade in vain, with fine branches and few flowers. Not strict with soil requirements, like fertilizer, not tolerant of drought, avoid water accumulation, afraid of waterlogging.