What kinds of flowers are there?

Flowers are a symbol of natural beauty, which can beautify our environment and enrich our spiritual life. We can make full use of residential courtyards, open spaces and balconies, plant flowers and trees, make green leaves and flowers evergreen all the year round, green, beautify and fragrance our living environment, and at the same time purify the air, absorb harmful gases, kill bacteria and make the environment cleaner.

Cultivating flowers plays an important role in cultivating sentiment, regulating mood and treating diseases. After a hard day's work, going back indoors or in the courtyard to appreciate the beautiful posture of flowers and smell the flowers will make people feel relaxed and tired. Indoor ornamental plants can also cooperate with other furnishings to create a certain atmosphere and artistic conception in the space environment, meet people's spiritual needs and play a role in cultivating temperament. In addition, color can improve people's mood. Red, orange and yellow flowers give people a warm, brilliant, exciting and warm feeling. Blue, green, blue and white flowers give people a refreshing and quiet feeling; Green can also relieve anxiety, stabilize mood and make people feel comfortable. The fragrance of flowers can help the recovery of diseases. At present, it has been found that hundreds of flowers contain different fungicides, many of which are beneficial to human body. For example, the fragrance of chrysanthemum helps to recover from headaches and colds; The fragrance of roses is helpful to the recovery of sore throat and tonsillitis; The fragrance of clove is helpful to the recovery of toothache; Lavender fragrance is helpful to the recovery of asthma; Osmanthus fragrans is helpful to the rehabilitation of bronchitis; The fragrance of Lagerstroemia indica contributes to the recovery of diphtheria and tuberculosis.

The beauty of a flower lies not only in its color, fragrance and appearance, but also in its charm. Rhyme is the style, expression and temperament of flowers. This is the highest taste of flower viewing. For example, when you appreciate the lotus, you will have a feeling of "getting out of the mud without being stained", which is related to the purity and elegance of the lotus image.

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I. Species of flowers

Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants, and flowers are the general name of herbs. There are narrow and broad meanings of flowers. In a narrow sense, flowers refer to herbs with ornamental value, such as orchids, chrysanthemums, bunches of red flowers and carnations. Flowers in a broad sense include shrubs, trees, foliage plants, herbs or woody plants, bonsai, etc., in addition to ornamental herbs. Such as plum blossom, peach blossom, pomegranate, camellia, rhododendron, evergreen, Ophiopogon japonicus and so on.

(1) Classification according to morphological characteristics

It can be divided into herbaceous flowers, woody flowers, succulents and aquatic flowers.

1. Herbaceous flowers

The stems are herbaceous, the branches are soft, there are no xylem and cambium, and they can't grow thicker. According to its growth and development cycle, it can be divided into annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous flowers. Annual herbaceous flowers Annual herbaceous flowers are grass flowers sown in spring, which blossom and bear fruit in summer and autumn, wither in autumn and complete their life cycle in one year. Such as a bunch of red, impatiens, small marigold, Cuiju, Yanlaihong, jasmine and so on. Biennial herbaceous flowers are autumn-sown flowers, which blossom and bear fruit in spring and summer of the following year, wither in autumn, and complete their life cycle in two years. Such as cornflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, carnation, kale, pansy and so on. Perennial herb flower The underground stem or root of this flower is perennial. The individual life span of plants is more than two years, and they can grow continuously, blossom and bear fruit many times. It can also be divided into perennial flowers and bulbous flowers. Bulb flower is a special form of perennial flower. Its underground roots become spherical or massive. Such as narcissus, hyacinthus orientalis, lily, tulip, gladiolus, canna, cyclamen, calla lily, etc. The underground stems or roots of perennial flowers are normal. In cold areas, the aboveground parts die in winter, and new stems and leaves grow from the roots in the following spring, which can grow continuously for many years, such as peony, chrysanthemum, dahlia, orchid, Hosta Hosta, Hemerocallis, etc. There are also evergreen parts on the ground, such as evergreen, Eupatorium odoratum, asparagus and chlorophytum. 2. Woody flowers

The stems of woody flowers are woody, and there is a cambium between xylem and phloem, which can be thickened continuously. According to its trunk height and crown size, it can be divided into trees, shrubs and lianas. Trees and flowers are tall, generally more than 5m, with obvious trunks, such as magnolia, peach blossom and cherry blossom. Shrub flower plants are low, with no obvious trunk and clustered branches, such as rose, peony, smile, gardenia, rhododendron, hibiscus, pomegranate and wintersweet. Lianas have slender stems and can't stand upright. They usually climb other things to grow upwards, such as ivy, lingxiao, wisteria, bougainvillea, honeysuckle and costustoot.

3. Fleshy flowers

The stems and leaves are thick and pulpy, store a lot of water and can grow in a particularly dry environment. Such as cactus and many plants of Sedum family, including cactus, epiphyllum, crab claw orchid, lotus flower, Sedum, Lycopodium, Bermuda grass and so on.

4. Aquatic flowers

Flowers that grow in water. Such as common lotus, water lily, duckweed and Wang Lian.

(2) According to the classification of ornamental organs, ornamental flowers are mainly ornamental colors and flower shapes, such as chrysanthemum, carnation, cyclamen, dahlia, rose, peony, magnolia and so on. Leaf-viewing tree species are mainly ornamental leaf color and leaf shape, such as asparagus, evergreen, cauliflower taro, rubber tree, ivy, bamboo banana, brown bamboo, cypress, Podocarpus, green radish, Dracaena, etc. Ornamental fruits are mainly ornamental fruits, such as pyracantha, ornamental pepper, bergamot, kumquat, hawksbill, fig and pomegranate. The stems are mainly ornamental branches, such as bamboo belly, bachelor tree, coral tree, mountain shadow boxing, tiger thorn plum and so on. Bud viewing is mainly ornamental buds, such as silver willow. Decorative bract

The films mainly include poinsettia, Yipin Huang and Phyllanthus urinaria. Ornamental Buddha statue

Bracts mainly include calla lily and taro. Decorative scale

Stems mainly include sea onions and daffodils.

(3) According to the light requirements of flowers, the positive flowers are classified, such as sunflower and rose. These flowers like sunshine and need to grow in plenty of sunshine. Negative flowers, such as reincarnation, star anise, Spartina alterniflora, etc. The light requirement is not high, as long as there is scattered light or refracted light, it can grow even if it is not in direct sunlight for a long time. Semi-negative

Flowers, such as azaleas and camellias, cannot be exposed to direct sunlight for a long time, nor can they live completely in the shade. On the contrary, they like to receive sunshine in the morning and evening, and need shade at noon. long-day

Flowers, such as gladiolus and sweet pea, can change from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and form flower buds only when the daily sunshine time is more than 12 hours. Short-day flowers such as chrysanthemum and poinsettia. This flower can only form flower buds when the sunlight time is less than 12 hours. Chinese and Japanese flowers, such as carnations and Chinese roses, don't pay much attention to the length of sunshine during the day in the process of flower bud formation. As long as the temperature is right, they can bloom all year round.

(4) According to the water demand of flowers, aquatic flowers need to live in water, such as lotus, water lily and Wang Lian. Wet flowers need flowers that grow in wet places, such as daffodils, ferns and reincarnation. If this kind of flower lacks enough water, it is often prone to poor growth and even death. Mesophyte flowers need to grow in moist soil, such as pomegranate, rose, Milan, hibiscus and so on. Xerophytic flowers Flowers that can survive under drought conditions, such as cactus, Sedum, agave, anemone, etc. This kind of flower is native to places where there is frequent or seasonal water shortage. Generally, people are afraid of drought and waterlogging, and excessive watering can easily cause root rot.