Ask the mystery of the disappearance of Emperor Zhu Yunwen in Ming Dynasty.

There are different opinions about Wen Jian's death, which became the first mystery in Ming history. Because Emperor Wen Jian was lenient after Mao's strict rule, his experience aroused the sympathy of countless people, and his whereabouts were particularly curious. In all kinds of unofficial history and plays, people can see endless guesses and speculations. Self-immolation theory. According to Emperor Taizong's records, after the Prince entered Jinchuan Gate, Emperor Wen Jian also wanted to come out to see the Prince, but he sighed, "How can I see him?" So he and the queen closed the palace and set themselves on fire. When Judy saw the fire in the palace, he sent for help in a hurry, but unfortunately he didn't have time. When Wen Jian's charred body was found in the ashes, Judy, the prince of Yan, was heartbroken and wept bitterly, saying that he was only here to help the emperor learn good deeds. Why do you want to find your own way? Later, Judy prepared a ceremony to bury Wen Jian, sent officials to sacrifice, and withdrew for three days. Scholars, such as his close friend Meng Sen, believe that Wen Jian set himself on fire. Death theory. The reliability of Records of Emperor Taizong is questioned by people, because Judy revised Records of Emperor Taizong three times in order to beautify herself and find high-sounding reasons for her to seize the throne. Many people are skeptical about Wen Jian's self-immolation recorded in Records of Emperor Taizong. Due to the political pressure and close network in Yongle period, there is no record of the death of Emperor Wen Jian. After Tianshun and Zhengde dynasties, the severe political environment improved, and the historical materials about Wen Jian's death began to increase. I "Tian Zi" Xi (Baishi) found that the earlier the historical materials are, the more vague they are, and the later the historical materials are, the more specific they are. In October of Wanli two years, 12 years old once asked Zhang about his whereabouts. Zhang replied: "The national history does not contain this story, but it was first spread to the deceased, saying that the emperor entered the city when he was difficult to learn, that is, he cut his hair, went out of infernal affairs, and then traveled around the world, and no one knew." It can be seen that Zhang Lu also tends to die. It is worth noting that folk rumors have spread to the emperor's ears, and talking about the death of Wen Jian is no longer a taboo topic. Regarding the death of Wen Jian, the most representative is the record in Gu Yingtai's Ming History. He believes that Emperor Wen Jian did not set himself on fire, but fled Nanking through a secret passage under the protection of his ministers. In the summer and June of Wen Jian's fourth year, the emperor knew that Jinchuan Gate had fallen, sighed and left, and wanted to commit suicide. Ji Cheng, editor of Hanlin College, said, "This is not like death." Wang Yue, the young warden, knelt down and said, "Emperor Gao has a last word,' When you are in great trouble, you should make a fortune." I want to collect the relics of Fengxian Hall. "Ministers said with one voice," hurry up! "Suddenly (yú) came a red basket, which was fixed on all sides with iron, and the two locks were also equipped with iron. When the emperor saw it, he was frightened, ordered the ouchi to be set on fire, and the empress Ma Shi went to the fire to die. Ji Cheng broke the basket and got three copies, one should be a writer, one should be an able person and one should be a saint. Robes, hats, shoes and razors are all available, with ten ingots of platinum. Zhu Shuyuan said: "Wen Ying went out from the gate of hell, and the others went into the ditch from the water. At dusk, I will be in God's optimistic West Room. " The emperor said, "Count it! "Ji Cheng made a wish to the emperor. Professor Yang, the king of Wu, should be able to let him die. Ye Xixian, the censor, resolutely said, "I am famous for my talents, and there is no doubt that I should be virtuous. "I also wish you happiness. Wearing clothes is easy to die. There were fifty or sixty people in the temple, weeping to the ground and shooting with arrows. The emperor said, "Many people can't live without gains and losses. If they are famous for other things, they will be poor. " When your wife is in office, your heart will be tied, and you should follow suit. "I hope to repay your majesty with death," said Zeng Fengshan, the suggestion. "The emperor summoned the ministers, feeling great fear, and led a number of people. Nine people went from the emperor to the gate of hell, and a boat was on the shore. Wang Sheng, a Taoist priest, was optimistic about God. He kowtowed to the emperor and said, "I know your majesty is here. In the past, the high emperor saw a dream, and I came here! "I took a boat to the emergency exit and climbed the view. It was dusk. Thirteen people including Yang Yingneng and Ye Xixian arrived together.

The authenticity of the above passage is indeed doubtful, but Mrs. Gu Ying speaks very vividly, and it is really difficult to distinguish between true and false. Did Emperor Wen Jian burn himself to death, or did he escape from Nanjing through a secret passage? Historians have different opinions on this, and there is no conclusion. When the Qing Dynasty compiled the History of the Ming Dynasty, historians of the Ming History Museum had different opinions on it. Xu Jiayan, who wrote a biography of Gong Min, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, believed that Wen Jian did not die in the fire, but fled abroad. Zhu Yizun, a famous scholar who is also in the Museum of Ming History, believes that Wen Jian died in a fire. Therefore, we can see that Gong Min in the Ming Dynasty has such a statement: "The palace is on fire, and the emperor doesn't know what to do." It seems that at that time, no one could produce evidence to prove his point of view, so he had to choose this compromise opinion. Now, with the in-depth study of the cause of death of Emperor Wen Jian and the increasing mastery of historical materials, more and more people believe that Emperor Wen Jian did not die of self-immolation. So, was Wen Jian buried by Zhu Di, the Ming emperor? Some people think that it was not the Emperor Wen Jian who was buried at that time, but Ma Huanghou. Judy's body found in the ruins has been unrecognizable, so it is difficult to tell the truth from the false. In addition, there is no record of burying Ma Huanghou in historical materials. It is also worth noting that in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, no one actually knew where Emperor Wen Jian was buried, which shows that people at that time did not think that Emperor Wen Jian was really buried there, so there was no need to visit the grave, and no one knew it after a long time. In fact, Judy herself may know that it was not the Emperor Wen Jian who was buried in the ceremony, but this does not affect the ceremony, because only in this way can we cover the eyes and ears of the world and make the emperor's throne sit upright. Another question is that when the city was destroyed, the eldest son of Emperor Wen Jian was not found. At that time, there were two princes: the eldest son Zhu, 7 years old, and the second son Zhu Wengui, 2 years old. Zhu Wengui, known as Shu Ren in history, was imprisoned in Guang 'an Palace by Cheng Zu and was not released until the reign of Emperor Taizong Tianshun at the age of 57. Locked in the palace, you can't tell the difference between cattle and horses when you come out. However, the eldest son of Emperor Zhu has been missing. In the Ming history, it was said that "Yan entered, at the age of seven, and he didn't know anything". Since Zhu Neng escaped, there is no reason to think that the emperor can't die. In addition, the so-called "Jingnan Battle" lasted for four years, and it didn't happen overnight, so Emperor Wen Jian had enough time to make preparations. When Judy entered Nanjing, most areas in the south, northwest, southwest and southeast of Nanjing were not under Judy's control, and Wen Jian was able to organize an effective counterattack. So, since his country is likely to perish, where did he go? Based on all kinds of information, there are the following statements: Xunguo is a monk and travels around the world. According to the Ming History, after Wen Jian escaped from Nanjing, he traveled around the world with three monks, Yang Yingneng, Ye Xixian and Ji Cheng. According to local chronicles, relics, sites and other materials, scholars believe that Emperor Wen Jian once lived in exile in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places. The chronicle of the Ming Dynasty says that he escaped capture. "Journey to Chongqing, go to Tiantai in the east, turn to Xiangfu, live in western Guangdong, stop Bailong, write poems in Luo Yong, second in Jingchu's hometown, third. In several provinces in southwest China, there are many sites and legends about Jianwen Emperor. In Xu Xiake's Travels, Xu Xiake recorded the remains left by Emperor Wen Jian when he was practicing in Baiyun Mountain, Guizhou: "There are two giant sequoias, which are held by three people, next to dènɡ; The western plant was destroyed by fire, which was planted by Wen Jun. Half a mile west, it is Baiyun Temple, so Wen Jun built a mountain; The front and rear shelves are double-layered. There is a spring and a ridge under the threshold in front of the back pavilion, which is called' kneeling spoon spring'. You'll know your stone skills when you get down to Beitong. If you are not rich or dry, you get a spoonful, so it is called' Kneeling', which is provided by Wen Jun made by Shenlong, and there is a golden carp cloud in Longtan. From the west of the exhibition hall to the upper part of the north, it is the Liu Mi Cave. The cave hangs between the cliffs on the top of the mountain, with the door facing south, only more than ten feet deep, and there is a stone niche behind it, which can be used as a couch. There is # # # on the right, which is for the emperor's rice. Now there is nothing. There is a gorge on the left, a transparent window on the top and a horizontal plate in the middle frame. The things left by Emperor Yun Jian were also entrusted by those who had traces of God. In front of the cave, there are mountains and peaks, green waves and thousands of layers, and the back is the first step in the distance. On the left side of the cave is a pavilion dedicated to the statue of Wendi (the pavilion is called' Hidden Dragon', which used to be in the Buddha Pavilion, but now it is moved here). It was built by Hu, a patrol envoy, overlooking Yaoshan in front, overlooking the rice cave on the right, without covering the cave door, and climbing to the top. Some books also record the poems of Emperor Wen Jian. Although it is impossible to judge whether this is a false trust of later generations, some of them are in line with the status of Emperor Wen Jian. The following poem is said to have been written by Emperor Wen Jian when he took refuge in Zhu Jin, Guizhou Province (now Guang Shun, Guizhou Province): The wind and dust suddenly invaded the south, and fate moved the heart of the world. Phoenix belongs to Danshan, the red sun is far away, and the dragon belongs to the sea. Purple is like a star still arched, jade leaks silently, and water sinks. Looking back at the Forbidden City tonight, the Sixth Hospital still looks forward to Cui Hua. After Judy became emperor, she was also skeptical about the death of Emperor Wen Jian and heard many rumors, so she sent Hook to patrol the country. " In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Chuan "carried" Hui Di to the fire, or fled, and the old ministers followed him, and the emperor (referring to Cheng Zu) suspected it. (Yongle) In five years, he sent a royal book, visited the immortal Zhang slovenly, traveled all over the world and secretly observed the existence of the emperor, so it was the longest time he went out. "In the name of sending letters and an audience with Zhang, Tuohu found out his whereabouts, which lasted 16 years. The sloppy Zhang mentioned here is Zhang Sanfeng, who often appears in novels. He is a strange man, slovenly and erratic. It is said that he can walk Wan Li Road one day. Attach great importance to Hu's inspection of the emperor, and don't allow him to ask "Ding You" as his mother. In the 21st year of Yongle, Hu hurried back to Beijing, which coincided with the Northern Expedition and garrison. When Hu arrived, he had already rested. When I heard that Hu came back, I met with him immediately, and the two discussed the fourth watch. "Ming History" said: "Before I arrived, it was widely rumored that Wen Jian went to sea and the emperor sent several generations of internal minister Zheng He to the Western Ocean, so I became suspicious. "It seems that Hu got the exact news of his work, and it seems that after many years, his idea of regaining the throne disappeared. Therefore, Judy, Chengzu's father, was glad that he didn't ask about his whereabouts.

Going out to sea, I don't know. There are rumors that Emperor Wenjian rowed out to sea, went to Nanyang and lived in seclusion on an island. At that time, many China people went to Nanyang. It is said that after Zhang Shicheng failed, some of his men fled to Nanyang to explore immigrants. Some people nearby confirmed that Emperor Wen Jian took refuge in Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, set sail in Kaiyuan Temple, and finally lived in seclusion on the east coast of Sumatra Island. However, there is no more evidence, just speculation. Judy, the founder of Nanjing Jiming Temple, is worried that Wen Jian will gather local Chinese people, or as the founder, she will call on all countries in Southeast Asia to start an army. Therefore, he was very uneasy and specially sent Zheng He to the Western Seas, one for improving national prestige and the other for mourning Wen Jian. According to "Ming History", "Cheng Zu suspected that Hui Di died overseas, and wanted to recount it, in order to show off his troops in a foreign country to show China's prosperity. In June of the third year of Yongle, he and his friend Wang Jinghong went to the Western Ocean. They brought more than 27,800 soldiers and more gold coins. " In Zheng He's fleet, there is another branch called Jinyiwei, which is responsible for investigation. It is not clear whether we can find the trace of Emperor Wen Jian. According to Jingxi Mountain, Gu Yingtai's Chronicle of Ming History and Zheng Xiao's My Learning, it was orthodox for seven years. Because of his advanced age, Wen Jian went to Guangxi Sien yamen, claiming to be the emperor of Wen Jian. Local officials rushed to the court and sent them to Beijing. The court sent Wu Liang, an old eunuch, to identify it. Wen Jian called out his name as soon as he saw him, but Wu Liang denied it. Emperor Wen Jian also said that when he was eating, he threw a goose on the ground and Wu Liang squatted down like a dog to eat it. Wu Liang cried after hearing this, and went back and hanged himself. Emperor Wen Jian was welcomed to the west, died of old age in his palace, and was buried in the Western Hills without seals or trees. In fact, this is a rumor, but there is still some basis. In November of the fifth year of "A Record of Yingzong", a monk came to Guangxi from Yunnan, claiming to be the emperor Wen Jian, who was over 90 years old. Local officials sent him to the capital, and ministers suspected him to be a liar. After investigation, he admitted that his real name was Yang Hangxiang, a native of Henan, and Hongwu became a monk in seventeen years. He was bewitched by others before pretending to be Emperor Wen Jian. So Yingzong put him in prison and died in prison four months later. As an accomplice, 12 monk was sent to Liaodong to guard the border. Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province said that Xu Zuosheng, a reporter from Wen Wei Po, personally visited Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, and found some relics and relics left by the death of Emperor Wen Jian. Based on the literature, he thought that the emperor was hiding in Saiji, Wuxian county, and Yao retired from the Buddhist temple soon. Under Yao's protection, the emperor hid in the dome mountain to drive away the temple until 1423 died here. This is also self-contained. According to Wangjing Temple in Sichuan, some people think that Emperor Wen Jian hid in the Buddha Temple in Pingchang, Sichuan, died here and was buried on the hillside behind the temple. Wen Jian chose Buddha Temple because it is remote and hard to find, and it is not easy to be found. Because he often cried in the direction of Beijing, later generations renamed the Buddhist temple Wangjing Temple. In addition, in recent years, some people claimed to be descendants of Emperor Wen Jian, and showed the genealogy of Jean's family, saying that Emperor Wenjian fled Nanjing through tunnels, pretended to be a monk and traveled around, then lived in seclusion in Wuchang, and was buried in Hongshan, Wuchang after his death. Of course, this statement needs further verification. The explanations, legends and attachments of the mystery of Emperor Wen Jian's death are by no means those listed above. There are many sad stories, which have been circulated in many books, orally and will be handed down. Of course, there is no conclusive evidence about the ending of Emperor Wen Jian, which has become an unsolved mystery in the history of China.