What are the names and subordinate relationships of all official positions in the Tang Dynasty?

Classification: Education/Science >> Further Education >> National College Entrance Examination

Problem description:

Which teacher can tell me the names of all the official positions in the Tang Dynasty and their subordinate relationships? It is the tree diagram of their official affiliation, where students kowtow!

Analysis:

Some textual research on the central official position in Tang Dynasty!

One or three divisions (a surname, a teacher, a Pacific Insurance) or three fairs (Qiu, Situ,)

Taishi-the background of Zhou Dynasty. Ancient Chinese writers regard Taishi, Taifu and Taibao as three public figures. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin, Chu and other countries were located along the border. The restoration of the abolished Qin dynasty is above the teacher. Hanshu. "Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao": "Taishi and Taibao are ancient officials, and they all began to set up the flat emperor in the early Yuan Dynasty, with gold and purple ribbons." Sui dynasty abolished this post again, and Tang Zhenguan resumed it in the eleventh year. Make a positive product.

A teacher-the background of Zhou Dynasty. The restoration of the Han Dynasty was second only to Taishigong. It is often used to give titles to big officials in past dynasties, but there is no real position. Hanshu. "Hundred Officials List": "A certain division, an ancient official, was first placed high, and the golden ribbon ... was placed on the three fairs." "The history of the later han dynasty. Baiguan: "Teachers are servants. This note says: the palm is a kind guide and the position is impermanent. Sai-jo took Zhuo Mao as his teacher and he saved the province. " Make a positive product. After the abolition of the Sui Dynasty, eleven years after Zhenguan.

Taibao-the background of Zhou Dynasty. The restoration of the Han Dynasty was second only to that of Tai Fu. It is often used to give titles to big officials in past dynasties, but there is no real position. History of Emperor Han Ping: "Wang Mang is the teacher and the fourth assistant." The Sui Dynasty was abolished, eleven years after the Tang Dynasty.

Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were called "three divisions" in ancient times, and were called "three divisions" after the Northern Wei Dynasty. It can be listed as a product, but it is only an empty title and has no real job. "New Tang Book": "A teacher, a teacher, and a Taibao, each with one person, are taught by the third division ... The third division taught by the Emperor of Heaven has no overall responsibility and is short of people." What I want to say here is that the third division has other meanings. It is a post of prince education, not here. By the Tang Dynasty, the Third Division was already a symbolic position and had no rights.

Qiu was an intermediate military attache in the Qin Dynasty and the leader of the highest armed forces in the early Han Dynasty. But this is a virtual title. Something can be used, nothing can be saved. Seldom deal with the actual affairs of the army. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Qiu, Situ and Sikong were both called "three fairs", ranking the highest, and there were many in all dynasties, but later they gradually became officials and had no real power. Tang is one of the three fairs.

Stuart-Western Zhou Dynasty. Spring and autumn along the set. In charge of the land and people of the country. When the Western Han Dynasty mourned the emperor, the Prime Minister was renamed Da Situ, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty it was renamed Situ. During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Si Tuleideng was also called the Prime Minister. Tang is one of the three fairs.

Sikong-Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, he was in charge of the project. When the Western Han Dynasty proclaimed itself emperor, it changed the ancient imperial doctor into an ordinary one. Later generations took it as another name of the Ministry of Industry, and the assistant minister called it less use.

The word "three publics" has different opinions in past dynasties. In the Zhou Dynasty, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were regarded as three public officials. Book Zhou Guan: "Set up a surname, a teacher, and a Taibao. We are just three public officials, talking about governing the country and reasoning about yin and yang. It doesn't have to be an official, just a person. " . Hanshu. Official List: "A Taishi, a Taifu and a Taibao are officials for the benefit of the three public interests. They sit and discuss politics, they are all presidents, and they don't take a position as an official. " In the Western Han Dynasty, the Prime Minister, Qiu and Jinshi were three officials; in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Qiu, Situ and Jinshi were three officials. The Tang dynasty attacked the sui system, so the three officials of the sui dynasty were the content.

Second, the merger of three provinces (Zhongshu, Menxia, Shangshu)

In the early Tang Dynasty, due to the Sui system, the ministers of the three provinces discussed state affairs.

So is the position of prime minister. "("New Tang Book "-Guan Baiyi). In other words, Tang did not have the position of prime minister, but the three provinces negotiated some things and jointly performed the duties of prime minister.

Shangshu province-established in the Eastern Han Dynasty, known as Shangshutai, or Zhongtai. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was called Shangshu Province, which was placed under Cao Cao, and it was the general agency of the central government to carry out government affairs. In the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Wenchangtai, Doutai and Zhongtai, and its old name was restored. Shangshu province has six departments, namely, officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers. Together with Zhongshu province and Menxia province, it is called three provinces. The chief officer is Shang Shuling (second class), and the deputy is the left and right servants (second class). Another person, Zuo Cheng (in the fourth grade), is in charge of the official department, the household department and the ritual department. You Cheng is one person (below level 4), in charge of the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Punishment and the Ministry of Industry. There are also three names: doctor and master. Used to treat things in different ways. Although they have evolved for many years, they have been ignored because they are so small. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it is the general name of the departments of officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, punishment and industry in the central administrative organs. Also known as "Liu Cao". His position was divided by Jiuzhong in Qin and Han Dynasties. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, Shang Shu was divided into Cao Zhi and Cao Gradually became the department. It was not until the Sui and Tang Dynasties that the gate was identified as an integral part of Shangshu Province. Compared with Zhou Li's six departments, most of the duties of the nine ministers in Qin and Han Dynasties were included in them, including officials, households (hereinafter referred to as the Ministry of Civil Affairs), rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers.

Official Department —— In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao, the official servant of Shangshu, was changed to Cao, later changed to Cao, and was called the official department after Wei and Jin Dynasties. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was listed as the first of the six departments of Shangshu Province, in charge of the appointment, dismissal, examination, promotion and transfer of state officials, and it was the official department's Shangshu. "New Tang book. "Baiguan Record": "Official Department. Shangshu is a person, he is the doctrine; Two assistant ministers are all four products; Two people in Langzhong are all five products; Yuan Wailang, two people, born in six grades, is responsible for the selection, awarding and examination of works. Judge Sanquan is the best material in the world, and according to his merits and demerits, such as body, speech, writing, judgment, morality, talent and efficiency, he will stay to remember it ... It is divided into four categories: one is the official department, the other is the seal, the third is the respect, and the fourth is the examination. "

After the Three Kingdoms and Wei Dynasties, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development was a permanent minister to support finance, and the Sui Dynasty was renamed the Minister of Civil Affairs. Tang taboo Taizong, renamed the Ministry, as one of the six departments of Shangshu Province, in charge of land, household registration, taxation, fiscal revenue and expenditure and other affairs throughout the country. The Chief Executive is the Minister of Household Affairs. New Tang book Baiguanlu: "The Ministry of Housing. Shangshu is a person, he is the doctrine; Two assistant ministers, just four products. Responsible for the difference between land, people, money valley politics and tribute. It belongs to four departments: one is the household department, the other is the branch office, the third is the gold department, and the fourth is the warehouse department. "

The Ministry of Rites-The Eastern Han Dynasty set Cao as the guest of honor in the south and Cao as the guest of honor in the north, and was in charge of the war between vassal States, located along the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, ancestral temples were set up to offer sacrifices. The Northern Zhou Dynasty began to set up the Ministry of Rites. Sui and Tang dynasties, according to its name, were set as one of the six departments of Shangshu Province, in charge of etiquette, sacrifice and tribute, and the chief executive was Shangshu, the Ministry of Rites. Old Tang books. Official History 2: "Shangshu, assistant minister, is in charge of etiquette, sacrifice and tribute in the world. It belongs to four departments: one is the memory department, the other is the ancestral department, the third is the catering department, and the fourth is the subject and guest department. " "Comrade. Official three. Book of Rites: "When Tang Yu was in power, it was listed as the three rites of Zong Dian."

Ministry of War-Wei of the Three Kingdoms placed five soldiers as ministers, in charge of soldiers, foreign soldiers, cavalry, other soldiers and all soldiers. In the Jin Dynasty, a driving division, a car division and a treasury division were added to take charge of chariots, horses and weapons. Sui and Tang dynasties were named as one of the six departments of Shangshu Province because of the old name of the Northern Zhou Ministry of War. In charge of the selection of military attaché s throughout the country, the politics of military titles, weapons and orders, the history of the Ministry of War, sir. "New Tang book. Baiguan Record: "Ministry of War. Shangshu is a person, he is the doctrine; Two assistant ministers, just four products. In charge of selecting soldiers, maps, chariots and horses, and armor. It belongs to four departments: one is the Ministry of War, the other is the staff officer, the third is the driving department, and the fourth is the treasurer. "

The punishments-the Western Han Dynasty put two thousand stone Cao Zhang in jail, and the third prince Cao decided the case. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the criminal law was dominated by the three offices and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the military prison was dominated by all officials. The Northern Zhou Dynasty began to set up punishments. Sui and Tang Dynasties, according to its name, were set as one of the six departments of Shangshu Province, in charge of law, prison and other affairs, and the chief executive was Shangshu of the Ministry of Punishment. Future generations will not change. Old Tang books. Official history 2: "Shangshu, assistant minister, is in charge of the criminal law and the laws of exile, hook and prohibition." It is divided into four departments: first, the Ministry of Punishment; second, officials in the capital; third, Bibi; and fourth, Simen. ""Tongdian. Official three. History of punishments: "History of punishments. Tang Yushi, the sergeant was sentenced to five sentences. "Zhou Li Qiu Guan": "Appoint the big sheep herder. When Han became emperor, Shangshu first set up 2,000 stone Cao, the main county and county set up 2,000 stone Cao, and set up three officials Cao. The main prison was broken ... In the second year of Wei Qinglong, Shangshu was appointed as an official lang to assist the army. Jin Fu and three ministers are in charge of the prison. In the Song Dynasty, the three fairs were everywhere in charge of criminal law, and the capital's ministers were in charge of military prisons. " And "next week, there will be Qiu Guan's great Si Kouqing, who is in charge of punishing the country, and his subordinate is also a doctor of punishments, who is in charge of the law of five punishments ... [Sui] opened the emperor for three years and changed the official of the capital to the minister of punishments."

The Ministry of Industry-Sui and Tang Dynasties, formerly known as the Ministry of Industry of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was set as one of the six ministries of Shangshu Province, in charge of various projects, artisans, land reclamation, water conservancy and transportation, and the chief executive was Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry. Future generations will not change. "New Tang book. "Baiguan Zhi": "Ministry of Industry, a history, three products; An assistant minister belongs to four categories ... There are four departments: the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Security and the Ministry of Water Resources. "

Menxia Province-There was a stone bell temple at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was called Menxia Province in the Jin Dynasty. It was originally the emperor's attendant and advisory body. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the power gradually expanded, and the Northern Dynasty became the center of gravity of the central political institutions. The Tang Dynasty, Zhongshu and Shangshu were collectively called the three provinces. Co-management of state affairs, examination of imperial edicts, signature and seal with Zhongshu Province, with the right to refute. There is a saying in Old Tang Book. Official History 2: "In the early years of Qin and Han Dynasties, there was no name of Taiwan Province Province. From the Jin Dynasty, it was placed in the province under the door, resulting in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Longshuo was changed to Dongtai, and Guangzhai was changed to Luantai to restore the dragon. "

In Wei and Jin Dynasties, Zhongshu Province was established, and the scale of Liang and Chen was good. This is an institution that inherits the will of the emperor, holds confidential information and issues government decrees. Along the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it gradually became the center of the national government. The Sui Dynasty avoided Yang Zhong and changed the internal history and the internal books. In the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Xitai, Fengge and Wei Zi, and later renamed Jiutai. Together with the door and the ministers, it is called the three provinces. Decision-making in the book, through the door, is carried out by Shangshu Province. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, its chief officials were the supervisor and the secretary-general, while the Sui Dynasty abolished the supervisor and only retained the post of the secretary-general. In the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed as Right Phase, Fengge Order and Wei Ziling. There are assistant minister of Zhongshu and Sheren of Zhongshu. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty Official History II said: "The Qin Dynasty began to set up the word' Chong', and the Han and Yuan emperors set up the word' Chong'. Books in the clouds in past dynasties. The later Zhou Dynasty was called the province of internal history, and the Sui Dynasty set up an internal history supervisor and an internal history order because of the province of internal history. Yang-ti was changed to the province of internal books. Wude was restored as a province of internal history and changed to Hanshu province in three years. Longshuo was changed to Xitai, Guangzhai to Fengge, and Shenlong was restored to Zhongshu Province. In the first year of Kaiyuan, it was changed to Wei Zi Province and revived in five years. " About its function. There is such a record in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty: "The emperor is in charge of major policies, which is always easy to judge. Wang Yan has seven systems: first, publishing a book, establishing a queen and a crown prince, and sealing the king for Lin Xuan's life; Second, making books, rewarding and punishing prisoners, and pardoning prisoners, except for granting them; Third, make a comfort book to use when praising and praising labor; Fourth, in addition to exempting officials and granting officials with more than six grades, it is used to abolish counties, increase or decrease officials and send troops; Five orders, please use them when the officials play; Sixth, the book is about things, which is used to cancel the contract; Seventh, tell a story, make it according to the situation, and use it if it doesn't work well. Statement reply, and then do what you want to do. The big sacrifice is a ceremony; If the personal expedition is strict, you will resign; If you were on the porch, you would read this book; If life is in North Korea, it will be announced. Book the prince, and then award the ribbon. All the articles made are presented to the officials who take notes. " It is more detailed.

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