So far, which cities on earth have disappeared?

The following lists Pompeii, Angkor, the legendary continent of Atlantis, Loulan and Troy, all of which were once legends and later confirmed.

Pompeii city

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Pompeii was also a political and military strategist in ancient Rome.

Pompeii is also translated as Pompeii, Pompeii, Italy? An ancient Roman city, located on the bank of the Bay of Naples (40 45' north latitude and 65 438+04 29' east longitude), commemorates the ancient Roman political and military strategist Pompeii. When Vesuvius erupted on August 24th, 79, Pompeii was covered with volcanic ash.

Pompeii

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Pompeii

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catalogue

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* 1 city history

* 2 The End of Pompeii

* 3 See the light of day again

* 4 Earthquake and volcanic damage

* 5 historical moment

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Urban history

About 600 years ago, Pompeii built the city on a hill on the banks of the Sano River in Italy. This place has been used as a good port by Greeks and Filipinos. The local Greeks were very powerful at that time. Samnites occupied Pompeii and its vicinity in the 5th century. The architecture of Pompeii is deeply influenced by Samnett people. Samnites also expanded the city. In the first 89 years, the army of Roman ruler Sura surrounded Pompeii. In the first 80 years, Rome occupied Pompeii and Pompeii became a Roman colony. Because Pompeii is a good seaport, and it is located near the Abbey Ancient Road, a major traffic artery, it soon became a prosperous commercial city. In 63, a violent earthquake caused great damage to Pompeii, but Pompeii was quickly rebuilt.

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The end of Pompeii

The most credible and detailed record about the end of Pompeii comes from Pliny Junior, a Roman scholar. In a letter to Tacitus, a Roman historian, he wrote down what he saw and heard: a dark cloud shaped like a pine tree appeared in the crater. After a while, dark clouds rolled down the hillside and covered everything around, including the nearby sea.

The dark clouds that Pliny Jr. saw were hot gas, dust and stones from the volcano. Pliny reported that the ground was shaking when the volcano erupted, and then the earthquake was very strong. He wrote that dust fell like a thick plate and his village had to be evacuated. The sea suddenly receded and was forced back by the earthquake. Today, geologists call this last phenomenon a tsunami. He also said that the sun is covered with dust and the day is like night.

His uncle, an equally famous Roman scholar, Pliny the Elder, died while commanding the fleet to rescue refugees. He was suffocated by carbon dioxide on the ground.

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See the sun again-free from oppression/persecution

Pompeii

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Pompeii

Pompeii is covered with volcanic ash more than six meters deep. Its name and location have been forgotten. 1599, an architect discovered the ruins of Pompeii while digging a river, but it was not until 150 years later that people really began to dig this ancient city. 1738, the ancient city of Herculaneum, which suffered the same fate as Pompeii, was excavated, and Pompeii was rediscovered in 1748. Some people say that 1599, when the architect discovered Pompeii, he dug up some later famous pornographic murals. At that time, the religious concept controlled these pornographic arts very strictly, so he quietly covered them up. Although this legend has not been completely confirmed so far, later diggers did report that they sometimes found some places dug up and then filled in.

The central square of the city, many houses and some villas are well preserved. Found a hotel not far from the city.

Pompeii is the only city in the world whose structure completely conforms to that of that time, and it has not changed at all. Today, the structure of many Italian cities has changed. The streets of Pompeii are completely checkerboard, which is an authentic Roman tradition. Streets are paved with polygonal stones, completely east-west or north-south.

1997, Pompeii Archaeological Area was listed as a world cultural heritage.

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The destruction of earthquakes and volcanoes

In recent years, a focus of research is to study the buildings that were destroyed and later restored in the 1963 earthquake. Advanced technology can find ancient and destroyed murals, which are later covered by new pictures. These buildings have been continuously restored for more than 10 years after the earthquake, because the subsequent small earthquakes brought them new damage. These small earthquakes are the precursors of later volcanic eruptions.

At the initial stage of excavation, people occasionally find holes left by the human body. Later, someone injected gypsum into these cavities, and the result was an ancient Pompeii statue with clear details. Unfortunately, these people failed to escape from this disaster. The last moment before them was thus preserved. Even their fears are vivid.

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A moment of history

Pompeii's well-preserved murals show people's lives at that time today.

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Pompeii's well-preserved murals show people's lives at that time today.

Pompeii today provides us with a precious historical moment. Through the excavation of Pompeii, historians and archaeologists learned a lot about the life of the Romans in 1 century. Pompeii was a prosperous city when the volcano erupted. For example, on the ground of a giant merchant, it says "money, welcome." (Salve, lucru) This sentence may be humorous, but it reflects the thoughts of businessmen at that time. In other houses, archaeologists found many records about occupations and grades at that time, such as "Fullones". The graffiti on the wall shows what real Latin slang is.

When the volcano erupted, Pompeii had about 20,000 residents. Most people are in their holiday villas. Through the excavation of Pompeii, archaeologists learned what many service industries mentioned in the literature were like at that time, such as food stores (Macellum), mills (Pistrinum), bars (Thermopolia), hotels (cauporioe) and theaters.

The port of Pompeii was also discovered in 2002. Scientists found that people lived there, too. They lived on a canal similar to Venice today. The research work here is going on now, and new achievements are constantly being discovered.

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Category: Italian World Heritage

Loulan

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Loulan is an ancient small country in the west of China. Loulan disappeared about 1600 years ago, leaving only the remains of the ancient city. Loulan Ancient City is located at 89 22 ′ 22 ″ east and 40 29 ′ 55 ″ north of Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 7 kilometers away from the northwest corner of Lop Nur and the south bank of Peacock River.

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* 1 Status of the site

O 1. 1 travel

* 2 Loulan civilization

O 2. 1 Loulan country in history

O 2.2 Mystery of Loulan's disappearance

O 2.3 Discovery of Loulan Ancient City

* 3 external links

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Present situation of cultural relics

The ancient city of Loulan now covers an area of 6.5438+0.2 million square meters, which is close to a square with a side length of about 330 meters. The whole site is located in the Ya Dan landform group on the west bank of Lop Nur.

The earliest discoverer of Loulan Kingdom was Swedish explorer Sven Hedin. 1900 At the beginning of March, the Heding expedition came to the Rob wasteland along the left riverbed of the dry Peacock River, only to find that their shovel was accidentally lost in the campsite when crossing a desert last night. Harding had to send his assistant back to find it. The assistant quickly took back the shovel and even picked up some wood carvings. Harding was so excited to see the ruins that he decided to dig them. 190 1 in March, Sven Hedin began to excavate, and found a stupa, three halls, wood-carved building components with Greek art and culture, five baht money, a letter from Luwen and many other cultural relics. Later, they found many beacon towers in the southeast of this ruin and continued to March to an ancient city buried by sand on the west bank of Lop Nur, which is the ancient city of Loulan.

Loulan is one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions, bordering Dunhuang and closely related to the Han Dynasty around A.D. The records of Loulan in ancient times are based on the Records of Hanshu Biography of the Western Regions, Faxian and Xuanzang. "Records of the Western Regions" records: "Shanshan Kingdom, whose real name is Loulan, Wang Zhi Qianni City, goes to Yangguan for 1,600 miles and Chang 'an for 6,100 miles. 1570 households, 4.4 1 10,000 people. Fa Xian said: "This land is rugged and barren. The layman's clothes are the same as those of Han, but the carpet is different in brown. Its king obeys the law. There are more than 4,000 monks who know Hinayana Buddhism. " At the end of the trip, Genjyo Sanzo made a simple explanation: "Since then, he has traveled more than 1,000 miles to the northeast, and came to the old country, that is, the land of Loulan. "

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travel

The site of Loulan Ancient City is 350 kilometers northwest of Korla City and 330 kilometers southwest of Ruoqiang County.

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Loulan civilization

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Loulan State in History

According to Biography of Dawan in Historical Records and Biography of the Western Regions in Hanshu, as early as the 2nd century AD, Loulan was a famous "walled country" in the western regions. Dunhuang in the east, Yanqi and Yuli in the northwest, Ruoqiang and Qiemo in the southwest. The north-south road of the ancient Silk Road diverged from Loulan.

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The mystery of loulan's disappearance

After the 4th century AD, Loulan suddenly disappeared. Water diversion? Invasion?

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The Discovery of Loulan Ancient City

1900, the ancient city of Loulan was rediscovered. Some people say it was discovered by farmers in Xinjiang, while others say it was discovered by Swedish explorer Sven Hedin. During the inspection in the early 20th century, a large number of Loulan cultural relics were taken away by foreign inspection teams.

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external links

* Unveiling the Mystery of the Disappearance of Loulan Civilization (Special Topic)-Centennial Loulan (Special Topic)-Loulan Ancient City (Brief Introduction)

* Loulan Ancient City (Ruoqiang County website)

* Restoration of "Loulan Beauty"

From "blog.org/wiki/%E6% A5% BC% E5% 85% B0"

Category: ancient nations and countries in China

Angkor Wat

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The main entrance of Angkor Wat

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The main entrance of Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat, located 5.5 kilometers north of Siem Reap, Cambodia, is the real ancient capital of wax country, which is called the Buddha Hall of Rube and Sangxiang in China ancient books. It is the largest temple in the world, and it is said that it uses as many stones as the pyramids in Cheops. 1992 is listed as a world cultural heritage.

Angkor wat is divided into large and small caves. Angkor Wat is a grotto built on the ground by SuryavarmanⅱII, King of Zhenla, who spent nearly 30 years to raise the national labor force and use countless elephants. It is the most magnificent temple in Angkor ruins.

Angkor Wat, also known as Baita City, is located 2 kilometers north of Angkor Wat. Construction started in Jayavarman VII (850-877) and went to Jaya Varman VII (1 18 1 year-12 165438).

In the second year of Yuan Zhen (1296), General Tie Moore of Cheng Yuan sent Zhou Daguan to Zhenla. Zhou Daguan and his mission were stationed in Angkor for a year. After returning home, Zhou Daguan wrote a report on Zhenlai customs, A Record of Zhenlai. There is a detailed description of Angkor Wat in True Wax.

143 1 year, Siam destroyed Angkor Wat, the capital of Zhenla was moved to Phnom Penh, and Angkor Wat was abandoned. Until 186 1, 1, French biologist henri mouhot came across it in the virgin forest looking for tropical animals.

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* "Notes on the Customs of Zhenla" was written by Xia Naizhu Zhonghua Book Company in Yuan and Zhou Dynasties, 2000 ISBN 7-10/-02028-3.

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external links

* Cultural Tourism Series-Angkor Wat

From "blog.org/wiki/%E5% 90% B3% E5% 93% A5% E7% AA% 9F"

Page Classification: World Cultural Heritage | Sacrificial Architecture | Cambodia

Atlantis continent

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Atlantis (α τ λ ν ι? ), also translated as Atlantis, the legendary ancient continent with a high degree of civilization development, is called Daxizhou. So far, no one has confirmed its existence. The earliest description appeared in the article of Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher. According to him, Atlantis was destroyed by a natural disaster nine thousand years ago.

catalogue

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* 1 legend

* 2 Textual research

O 2. 1 Cyprus said

2.2 Crete said

O 2.3 Gibraltar said

O 2.4 Ireland said

* 3 See.

* 4 external links

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One legend is that ...

The legend about Atlantis began with Plato, the father of ancient Greek philosophy. In Plato's last years, there were two dialogue hints, Cletus and Timaios. In Plato's hint, there is a saying: About 1 1500 years ago, there was a big island opposite the "Strait of Gibraltar", from which you could go to other islands. On the opposite side of those islands, there is a whole piece of land surrounded by the ocean, which is the kingdom of Atlantis. At that time, Atlantis was about to launch a big war with Athens. Unexpectedly, Atlantis was suddenly attacked by earthquakes and floods, and it was completely submerged at the bottom of the sea in less than a day and a night, which became an obstacle for Greeks to travel at sea. Legend has it that Poseidon founded the kingdom of Atlantis. On an island, a girl's parents died. Poseidon married the girl and gave birth to five pairs of twins. So Poseidon divided the whole island into ten districts, ruled by ten sons, and the eldest son was the supreme ruler. Because the eldest son is called Atlas and the country is called Atlantis. In the acropolis in the center of the mainland, there are temples dedicated to Poseidon and his wife, and there are also temples dedicated to Poseidon. The interior of this temple is decorated with gold, silver, copper and ivory. There are shipyards on the coast of Atlantis, and the docks are crowded with three-oared warships. The dock is full of merchant ships and businessmen from all over the world. The kingdom of Atlantis is very rich and powerful. In addition to the island's rich products, tributes from Egypt, Syria and other Mediterranean countries are also constantly flowing. These ten kings have absolute power in their own territory and adopt different national organizations. In order to keep communication with each other, they gather in temple of poseidon every five to six years to discuss their relationship and their ruling power. When the agreement was established, they cut the throats of cattle fed in temple of poseidon and wrote resolutions on the pillars of temple of poseidon with their blood to increase the sanctity of the resolutions. All ten kings are wise, and the country is rich and strong. Unfortunately, corruption soon began to appear in these countries. Zeus, the head of the gods, punished people's depravity, causing earthquakes and floods, and the kingdom of Atlantis sank to the bottom of the sea day and night. In Plato's Atlantis story, it is also implied that the Greek characters used before Plato's era are different from those used in Plato's era.

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Do textual research

Many historians believe that Atlantis is a myth, and Plato only used it to compare the values of Athenian society, but many archaeologists and historians hope to find it and return it to its original appearance.

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Cyprus said

Robert Sarmast, an American explorer who claims to be an expert in myth and ancient studies, thinks this is true in his book The Discovery of Atlantis, and takes Plato's description as the main basis of his research.

He said that Plato provided "concrete clues" of Atlantis, 45 of which showed that it was located in the southern waters of Cyprus, and the ancient landforms of Cyprus shown in the marine image map were consistent with Plato's description. Sha even said that he found many places mentioned by Plato, including the rectangular plain with Atlantis in the middle.

The center of his theory is that there was a "flood disaster" in the ancient Mediterranean basin, which connected the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean where the Strait of Gibraltar is now located. This statement is consistent with Plato's statement that a great flood "swallowed up" Atlantis and the flood in the Bible. Among them, when people speculate on the reasons for the existence of Atlantis, pyramid buildings all over the world originated from Atlantis, and Atlanteans spread this civilization to the world after the destruction of Atlantis.

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Crete said

Another view is that Atlantis is in Crete, because a large-scale earthquake occurred there in the past, which caused some land to sink.

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Gibraltar said

Corina Gillard, a professor of geography at the University of Provence, believes that the "Atlantis" described in Plato's book is located in today's Gibraltar Strait.

Corina studied the history of human migration from Europe to North Africa 19000 years ago, and thought that during the existence of Atlantis, there was land above sea level in the Strait of Gibraltar, and Atlantis was between Andalusia and Morocco today.

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Ireland said

Ulf Elinson, a Swedish geographer, published his book Atlantis in the eyes of geographers: a country exploring fairyland in 2004, which holds that the Irish island is the continent of Atlantis. The main argument comes from Plato's description. The size and landforms of the island countries are very similar to those of Ireland, and they all have the culture of megalithic tombs. The legend of the sinking of Atlantis may come from 6 100 BC. The end of the ice age caused the sea level to rise and flooded many coastal islands. Long-term misinformation exaggerated that the island was in a devastating disaster.

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see

* The cartoon "The Lost Empire"

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external links

* English/Spanish link on Gibraltar.

From "blog.org/wiki/%E4% Ba% 9A% E7% 89% B9% E5% 85% B0% E8% 92% 82% E6% 96% AF% E5% A4% A7% E9% 99% 86"

Page classification: Legend | Myth

Troy

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Troy (τ ρ ο？ α), a city-state in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkish position) in ancient Greece, not far from the Da Daniil Strait, is famous for its ten-year Trojan War.

The great poet Homer wrote the most important works in the history of western literature for this war: Iliad and Odyssey. According to Homer's epic, many heroes emerged in this war, such as Achilles, Odysseus, hector and Paris. Sadly, all this just originated from a golden apple, all this was just a quarrel between the gods, and finally ended in a wooden horse, and everything ended in a temporary reconciliation between the gods. The Trojan city-state was finally defeated by the Trojan circus of the Greek army. According to archaeological research, the city was destroyed in the 3rd century BC/KLOC-0. 187 1 year, Heinrich Hilliman discovered the ruins of Troy.

From "blog.org/wiki/%E7% 89% B9% E6% B4% 9b% E4% BC% 8a"

Page Classification: Greek Myth | Turkish History | Ancient Greece | World Cultural Heritage