The Origin and Evolution of Literary Surnames

Wen's surname is the most populous surname 109 in China, and it is quite influential in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan. At present, the population surnamed Wen accounts for about 0. 14% of the national population, and the total population is about 1.7 million.

Wen's name and totem:

0 Note: Characters are criss-crossing patterns. Hieroglyphics, such as shapes with cross textures. Wen can also be interpreted as "tattoo". The word "Wen" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and his works, like a human figure standing in front with patterns on his chest, is actually an image description of the ancient custom of "tattoo". Later, it extended the meaning of words, articles, culture and civilization. The deep meaning of the word "Wen" refers to some regular phenomena in nature or human society, such as astronomy and humanities. Therefore, "Wen" is endowed with elegant, gorgeous, beautiful and harmonious meanings, and is often used as a decorative word to praise ancestors.

The origin and evolution of literary surnames;

There are three main sources of literary surnames: Ji surname, Jiang surname and Gui surname.

The first one is from Ji's surname. Take history as the surname. The descendants of Zhou Wenwang branch take posthumous title as their surname. That is to say, Ji Chang was a human being, and he was the leader of the Western governors and Zhou people in the late Shang Dynasty. Zhou Wang, whose real name is Xibo, also known as Chambo, was imprisoned in Bali by Zhou Wang. He reigned for 50 years, governed Zhou tribes, made the country strong and the people rich, resolved the dispute between Switzerland and unified the two countries. It destroyed Li, Han, Chong and other countries successively, and established a powerful Zhou State with Feng as its capital. His son, Ji Fa, inherited Zhou Wuwang, destroyed the Shang Dynasty in BC 1046, and later made Ji Chang Zhou Wenwang.

Take the word as the surname. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Kang Shu, the ninth son of Zhou Wenwang, was born in the northwest of Yuzhou. Wei Xiangong in the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei Qing was Sun Lin's father, named Wen Zi, also known as Sun Wenzi, and his descendants took his name as their surname. All the above surnames are from Zhou Wenwang, which is the most important part of surnames and has a history of 3,000 years.

The second branch originated from the surname Jiang. Four months after Emperor Yan, Xu was appointed at the beginning of the week in Xuchang, Henan Province. At the beginning of the Warring States, Xu was destroyed by Chu. The descendants took Guo as their surname, and one of them took Xu as their surname.

The third one comes from Gui. During the Yao-Shun period, Shun took Gui River as his surname. After the downfall of Shang Dynasty in BC 1046, the direct descendant of Zhou Wuwang Feng Shun, a nobleman, became Chen Guo. In 672 BC, his son Chen Wan fled to Qi and became Chen. Tian Ji was founded after Sun lost his son, and was replaced by Sister-in-law in 378 BC. The grandson of the Warring States was killed by posthumous title, and later generations took history as their surname.

Inflow of foreign genes:

Fourth, the expenditure comes from foreigners changing their surnames. The inflow of foreign blood into Wen surname mainly occurred after the Song Dynasty. The main events are as follows: Wen Yanbo, Song, whose original surname was Jing, later avoided the name of Shi Jingtang and went to Gou as Wen's family, and later became Jing's family in the later Han Dynasty. Yan Bo's grandfather changed his surname to Wen in order to avoid the name of Gao Zu. In the Qing Dynasty, the clans of Manchu Eight Banners, such as Xitala clan and Wenzhashi clan, changed their surnames to Wen clan, and their clans later became Han nationality.

Distribution and migration of the above historical surnames:

During the Spring and Autumn Period, literary surnames mainly lived in Henan, Shandong and Hubei provinces. During the Warring States period, literary surnames had spread to Jiangzhun area. During the Han Dynasty, Wenxi went to Sichuan, Shanxi in the north and the Yangtze River in the south. Tang people have appeared in Guangdong and Guangxi, especially in Jiangxi and Anhui. From then on, Wen began to branch around.

The literary surnames in Song Dynasty were about 654.38+0.8 million, accounting for 0.23% of the whole country.

The literary surnames in the Ming Dynasty were about 6.5438+0.6 million, accounting for 0.654.38+0.7% of the national population. It was the100th surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the six hundred years of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the population of Wen was negative. In the face of war and massacre, the victim group should first be the name of the branch mainly distributed in the north. The distribution of surnames in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces, accounting for about 64% of all surnames, followed by Guangdong, Shanxi, Hubei, Guangxi and Shaanxi. Jiangxi is the province with the largest surname population, accounting for about 23% of the total surname population.

During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of literary surnames changed greatly, and its population mainly migrated to the southeast, south and west. The whole country has re-formed a gathering area of literary surnames centered on the provinces in the Yangtze River basin.

The distribution and atlas of surnames in contemporary literature;

The population surnamed Wen has reached 1.7 million, accounting for 0. 14% of the national population, ranking 109 nationwide. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of surnames in China surged from 6,543.8+0.6 million to 6,543.8+0.7 million, an increase of 654.38+00 times. The growth rate of surname population in China is lower than that in the whole country. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guangdong provinces, accounting for 5 1% of the total population, followed by Hubei, Jiangxi, Chongqing and Hainan, accounting for 25%. Hunan is the largest province of contemporary literary surnames, with literary surnames accounting for 14% of the total population. Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan and Hubei have formed two clusters of China's literary names. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of Wen's floating population are somewhat different from those in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, with the south and the west as the mainstream.

Literary surnames are distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Qiong, Hunan and Chongqing, most of Guizhou, eastern Yun Chuan, most of Hubei and Jiangxi, and western Fujian. The proportion of literary surnames in the local population is generally above 0.3%, and some reach above 2.4%. The above-mentioned coverage area accounts for about 14.6% of the total land area, and about 69% of the population with literary surnames live in this area. At the junction of central Fujian, eastern Jiangxi, northern Hubei, southwestern Anhui, southern Henan, southwestern Shanxi, most of Shaanxi and Ningxia, southeastern Gansu, most of Yunchuan, western Guizhou, eastern Heilongjiang and northwestern Xinjiang, the proportion of surnames in the local population is generally between 0. 15%-0.3%, and the above coverage area accounts for about10 of the total land area. About 15% of the people surnamed Wen live in this area.

The traditional culture of literary surnames;

Wanghe County mainly includes Yanmen and Tang Nuo. And last name. The surname of Wentang mainly includes the belief in the country and righteousness. The names of "Xin Guo" and "Yi" came from Wen Tianxiang in the Song Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang was the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty and a vassal of the country. Resist the Yuan army to the south, and after entering Chaoyang, Yuan covered Zhang Hongfan. After Wen Tianxiang was captured, he was held in Yanjing for three years. He died in Shuo Wen.

There are five kinds of important couplets with couplets as surnames:

Wen Huashu; Decided to destroy Wu.

Loyalty to the country; Be diligent.

Enriching the country and strengthening the people; Poetry is dedicated to the ceremony.

I am good at silk and bamboo for a while; And the victory of the Eight Laws.

Luoyang, the elder, will enter the phase; Lu Ling is upright and upright.

Celebrity frequency and family sages:

From 755 to 79000, 73 celebrities with literary surnames were collected, accounting for 0. 16% of the total number of celebrities, ranking 1 16 among celebrities. Famous writers with literary surnames account for 0.2 1% of the total number of writers in China, ranking 99th. The famous doctors whose surnames are Wen account for 0. 14% of the total number of famous doctors in China, ranking 102. Artists surnamed Wen accounted for 0.26% of the total number of artists in China, ranking 77th.

Important figures in history are: Dr. Cai's style of writing and Dr. Yue's style of writing in the Spring and Autumn Period; Shu county satrap Wen Weng; Wen Qi, the satrap of Yizhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty; Celebrities in Jin dynasty were established one after another; Thai Prime Minister Wen Yanbo