Tuberose information

The flower language of tuberose is dangerous happiness.

Name: tuberose

Alias: cordate telosma, fragrant under the moon.

Family and genus: Amaryllidaceae, tuberose.

Latin name: tuberose

Tuberose is a perennial herb of Amaryllidaceae. Spike bouquets are terminal, with 12 -32 flowers per spike. The flowers are white and fragrant, and the fragrance is stronger at night, hence the name. Generally, planting in the open field is from the first ten days of July to the first ten days of 165438+ 10, and the flowering period is from August to September, so it is a kind of summer cut flowers. Because of its rich aroma, slender stems, soft lines and easy adjustment of planting and flowering period, it is one of the most important cut flowers and the main flower arrangement varieties in bouquets and flower arrangements.

[Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics

Block jade, also known as cordate telosma and moonlight fragrance. It belongs to Amaryllidaceae, a perennial bulbous grass flower. About 80 cm high, the leaves are basal, lanceolate and reddish at the base. Racemes, paired flowers 12- 18, open from bottom to top. Flowers are white, funnel-shaped, fragrant, and thicker at night, hence the name cordate telosma. May-165438+1October. There are two cultivated varieties of capsules: white flowers and lavender: white flowers are mostly single petals with strong fragrance; Lilacs are mostly double petals, about 40 per inflorescence.

The dormant bulbous plants in winter are evergreen in origin, and the bulbous scales are tuber-like (bulbous in the upper part and tuber-like in the lower part). The basal leaves are strip-shaped and the stem leaves are short. Scape erect, 40-90 cm tall; The flowers are opposite, white, arranged in spikes, with strong fragrance and stronger fragrance at night; Perianth tube slender, lobes 6, shorter than perianth tube; There are double varieties, fragrant, flowering in July-10. Fruit is a capsule, which generally does not bear fruit under cultivation.

[Edit this paragraph] Biological habits

I like warm and sunny environment, and I am not frost-tolerant. The most suitable growth temperature is 25-30℃ during the day and 20-22℃ at night. Good fertilizer likes dampness and avoids waterlogging, and it grows well under the condition of low humidity and no water accumulation. The requirements for soil are not strict, and fertile clay loam is suitable. Self-pollination, stamens mature first, and the natural seed setting rate is very low. Perennial herbs. An oblong tuber inserted on a short tuber. These flowers are white and fragrant, especially at night. Flowers bloom in summer and autumn. Having double petals.

Tuberose, which is native to South America, is an evergreen herb. When the temperature is suitable, it grows and blooms all year round, but it is most prosperous in summer. However, when cultivated in the open field in China, bulbs can only be cultivated in spring because of the cold winter in most areas: spring germination, summer and autumn flowering, and winter dormancy (forced dormancy). Tuberose is self-pollinated, but the natural seed setting rate is very low because the pistil matures later than the stamen. Tuberose likes warm, humid and sunny environment, and its growth temperature is 20℃-30℃. Flower bud differentiation occurs in the growth period of late spring and early summer, which requires a minimum temperature of about 20℃, but it is also related to the nutritional status of the ball. Generally, if the ball mass is greater than 1 1g, it will bloom in that year. Otherwise, it wouldn't bloom that year. The requirements for soil quality are not strict, and clayey loam is suitable; Sensitive to soil moisture, like fertile, moist soil without stagnant water. During drought, leaves roll up and buds shrink, making it difficult to open. The flowering period control of tuberose is relatively simple. Planting bulbs in high-temperature greenhouse, keeping sunshine and air circulation, paying attention to maintenance and management, can bloom in more than 2 months. For example, if planted in February, it will bloom in May-June.

[Edit this paragraph] Distribution of origin

Originally from Mexico and South America, it was introduced to China a long time ago, and now it is cultivated all over the country. Suitable for planting in warm, sunny environment, relatively cold-resistant.

[Edit this paragraph] Flower varieties

There are 12 species of tuberose, but only tuberose is cultivated and utilized, and there are not many varieties, mainly including the following: (1) albinism: single petal variety with pure white flowers; (2) Dwarf pearls: dwarf varieties; (3) Var.flore-pleno Hort: double petal variety; (4) Early flowering in Mexico: a single-petal, early-maturing variety that blooms all year round, with autumn as the peak; (5) Pearl: a double-petal variety, with a stem height of 75 cm -80 cm, short inflorescence, dense flowers and short corolla; (6) Gaoshuang: a variety with large flowers, double petals and long stems; (6) Breed gale: The leaves are long and curved with golden stripes.

[Edit this paragraph] Breeding methods

Mostly sub-ball breeding. 165438+1After the overground part withered in late June, dig out the underground stem and take out the withered old ball. Generally, each cluster can be divided into 5 ~ 6 mature balls and 10 ~ 30 balls, which are dried and stored in a dry place indoors. When planting, the big and small bulbs are planted separately, and usually the bulbs can bloom after one year of cultivation.

[Edit this paragraph] Cultivation techniques

Breeding: spring ball distribution. Large bulbs can bloom in the same year, and the diameter of large bulbs for cut flower production should be above 2.5 cm. After 1-2 years of culture, the small ball can grow into a big flowering ball.

Cultivation: Generally, the seeds are sown in April-May, and the seeds are wet treated at 25℃-30℃ 10 day-15 day before sowing. The big and small balls should be planted separately from the old balls (commonly known as "old ginseng") that bloomed last year. The row spacing of large bulbs is 20cm× 25cm (or 30cm), and the density of small bulbs 10cm× 15cm or more; The planting depth is slightly shallower than other bulbs, but it also depends on the cultivation purpose, soil properties and bulb size. Usually it is "deep long ball, shallow pumping", that is, deep planting is conducive to the growth and expansion of the ball, and shallow planting is conducive to flowering. Generally, it is advisable to plant big balls with the bud top slightly exposed to the ground. When planting small balls and "stubble", the bud top should be lower than or flush with the soil surface. Tuberous tuberose emerges slowly, taking more than 1 month, but grows rapidly after emergence. So in the early stage of planting, because there are few seedlings, there is no need for too much irrigation; When the flower stems are about to be pulled out and at the early flowering stage, they should be fully irrigated and the soil should be kept moist frequently. Tuberose likes fertilizer, and Ying Qin topdressing: topdressing is usually once every month after planting, once every time before flowering, and once every half month or two months thereafter. Pay attention to drainage and flower stem lodging in rainy season. Dig out bulbs before first frost in late autumn, dry them slightly, remove soil and fibrous roots, and cut a thin layer at the bottom of bulbs to expose white; Continue to air dry, then braid the remaining leaves and hang them in a warm and dry place for storage in winter. Or use the stove to smoke, hang the light bulb indoors and put the stove under it to smoke. At first, the room temperature was kept at 25℃-26℃, so that the water in the ball gradually decreased until the skin was dry and wrinkled, and then the temperature was reduced to 15℃-20℃ until the following spring. After baking and smoking, the ball can be fully dried, thus forcing it to sleep completely, which is beneficial to the growth and flower bud differentiation after planting in the next spring. There are also bulbs that are piled up in a dry and sunny cellar after drying, covered and compacted by layers of straw and soil, and buried for the winter; Or digging and hanging after continuous planting for 2 -3 years, but the flowering quality is poor and the flowering period is irregular.

Management: The planting area should be cultivated with human base fertilizer, and the big ball, small ball and old ball that bloomed last year should be planted separately. The distance between the big ball and the plant is 25; Cm, and the ball spacing is about 10 cm. The planting depth of bulbous roots is shallower than other bulbous roots, and the bud tips of big balls should be slightly exposed from the soil surface, while the bud tips of small balls and old balls should be lower than the soil surface. The old ball blossomed last year, and it will never bloom again. There are only many thin balls around the old ball. "Deep long ball, shallow pumping" is the principle followed by tuberose planting depth. In the early stage of planting, because there are few leaflets, you don't need too much water; When the scape is about to be pulled out, it should be given enough water and topdressing; Thicker liquid fertilizer can only be applied after scape extraction. Pay special attention to watering in summer and keep the soil moist at all times. After the overground part withers, the area south of the Yangtze River is often covered with leaves or hay to prevent freezing and overwinter in the open field. However, it is best to dig out the bulbs, dry them slightly, remove the soil, braid the remaining leaves, continue to dry them, hang them in a warm and dry place for storage and overwintering, and keep the room temperature above 4℃. Tuber tuberose can also be potted, which can promote cultivation. Bulbs planted in late June, 1 1, cultivated in high temperature greenhouse, can bloom in April-May in advance, but it is inconvenient to raise flowers at home.

[Edit this paragraph] The purpose of flowers

Tuberose not only has ornamental and mosquito repellent effects, but also can be used as medicinal leaves, flowers and fruits, clearing away liver-fire, improving eyesight, expelling toxin and promoting granulation. Indications: acute conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal pannus, furuncle, traumatic erosion.

[Edit this paragraph] Chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine

The root contains about 65438 0.8% sapogenin, mainly sisal sapogenin, sisal sapogenin and 9- dehydrosisal sapogenin. Flowers contain 0.08%-0. 14% of volatile oil, and the main components are geraniol, nerol, farnesol, syringol and methyl anthranilate.

Red Rose-I love you

Carnation-maternal love

Pink carnation-sadness

Tulips-Fables of Charm and Love

Yellow tulip-desperate love

Universe-pure love, always happy

Narcissus-respect

Red tulips-vows of love

Asparagus-Eternity

Autumn peony-lovelorn

Baishan tea-true love, true feelings

Tea tree-the beauty of nature

Gladiolus-strong character, heart.

Never forget me-eternal love

Celosia cristata-colorful love

Daisy-naive, pure and slim

Phalaenopsis-first love, gradual happiness, purity and beauty

Kirin grass-alert

Lilac-first love, shyness

Plum blossom-noble and clean

Bellflower-tender love

Delphinium-frivolity

Platycodon grandiflorum-elegant and unchanging love

Witch hazel-inspiration

Golden sparrow-modesty

Peach blossom-doubt, good luck, love

Dianthus-modesty, sentimentality and recklessness

Zinnia thinking

White tea-flawless

Magritte-prophecy

Orange blossom-chastity

Cornflower-elegant and generous

Thousand-day grass-immortality

Apricot blossom-doubt

Dayantong-desire

Rhododendron-Temperance, Empathy and Parting Love

Gardening branch-elegance

Poppies.-Comfort, thank you

Impatiens-People love and refuse to love.

Big lilac-mystery

Plum blossom-purity

Cherry blossoms-cold and happy

Peony-fear, farewell, shyness

Dahlia-gorgeous and auspicious

Aconitum-respect

Marigold-sadness, parting, infatuation

Miss pansy

Snapdragon-cheerful, enthusiastic and arrogant.

Acorus calamus-elegance

Catharanthus roseus-happy memories

Ling Lin-temptation

Taishan wood-majesty

Pulsatilla chinensis-fate

Safflower-difference

Cuiju-foresight

Evergreen grass-memories

Canna-stability, auspiciousness and longevity

Clematis-noble and elegant

Gilly-happiness and honor

Alice.-Steady.

Love, yearning and care all over the sky

Rose-enthusiasm

Sunflower-mystery

Lily-pure knot, noble

Dendrobium-wayward beauty, father's flower

Lotus-Silent Love

Gerbera jamesonii-sublime beauty and prosperity

Star flower-forget me

Oncidium-hidden love and happiness

Pine, Bamboo and Plum-Three Friends of Old Cold

Magnolia, Spring Festival, Peony-Jade and Wealth

Reineckea carnea-happiness and auspiciousness

Olive branch-peace and tranquility

Yellow Lily-Happiness and Celebration

Red lily-beaming

Pink cherry blossoms-family harmony

Yinliu reunion is rich in financial resources

Plantagenet dynasty-rich, humble, humble

Orange tree-good luck, tolerance and generosity

Hydrangea-Happiness and Reunion

Whelan-rich and peaceful

Pineapple-Perfect

Red roses-courtship

Peony-Precious

Catharanthus roseus-ordinary and lasting

Anthurium-Forever and ever

Lemon tree flower, honeysuckle-loyal love

Lilac-the bud of love

Bird of Paradise-Freedom and Happiness

Torch Flower-Passion and Light

Pine and Cordyceps-Dreams and Memories

Artemisia capillaris-hidden love

Ivy-emotional loyalty

Calla lily-happiness and purity

Pansy-happy thoughts

Iris-passion

Strawberries-respect

Yu Meiren-condolences

Sweet pea-there is distress and nostalgia in love

Thistle-independence

Thousand-day grass-immortality

Flower hairpin-sympathy and sympathy

Evergreen tree-healthy and long life, keep young forever.

Rose-prosperity

White Chrysanthemum-Mourning

Fire lily bundle

Beech tree-prosperity

A group of red-rich and rich

Red cotton-the flower of heroes

Laurel-glory

Laurel Tree Ring-Minister of Meritorious Service

Firecracker red-warm congratulations

Oats-Music

Camellia-heroism

Wild rose-genius

Orchid Orchid-Victory

Lily of the valley-pride of bosom friends and virgins

Huoxiang-visiting others in love.

Lycoris radiata-Beauty, Cold and Loneliness

Oncidium-youthful and lively

Robinia pseudoacacia-friendship

Zinnia-Farewell

Boxwood-strong and steady

Guizhi-boxue

Farfalla-Justice

Cat's tail flower-efforts to ward off evil spirits and solve disasters

Sweet clover-noble character

Dragon boat snatching flowers

Gold branches and jade leaves-nobility and happiness

Begonia Four Seasons-Childlike Mind Can Be Learned

Freesia-pure and comfortable

Grapes-tolerance and fraternity

Zhu jiao-perseverance and enthusiasm

Miscanthus-autumn

Cinnamon cassia twig-honor

Red maple-prosperity.

Magnolia grandiflora-noble soul

Rose branches-serious and simple

Platanus acerifolia-brilliant

Peach and plum achievement

Poinsettia-exorcism

Albizia julibrissin-the love of husband and wife

Mint-passion

Vines-Welcome

Wei Zi-lucky, eloquent, female.

Pine and cypress-prolonging life

The flower language of peach blossom is that I am your prisoner.

White hyacinthus orientalis flowers dare not show their love.

The flower language of pink hyacinthus orientalis touched my love.

The flower language of yellow hyacinthus orientalis is happy and perfect.

The flower language of osmanthus is so elegant.

You belong to me.

Gardenia's flower language happiness

The flower language of colorful grass is desperate love.

The flower language of Platycodon grandiflorum gave in and was sad.

The flower language of musk rose is an ethereal beauty.

The flower language of tuberose is dangerous happiness.

I share the joys and sorrows with you.

The flower language of white bell-shaped flowers is gratitude.

Keeping Chastity in the Dilemma of Shannon Flower Language

The flower language happiness of Phalaenopsis is gradually coming.

Lily's flower language is very pure.

The flower language of cornflower is delicate and elegant.

Morning glory camouflage in flower language

The flower language of white roses is that you are good enough for me.

The flower language of the universe is always happy.

The meaning of the number of flowers:

1, you are the only one for me.

You are thicker than me, and you are alone.

I love you.

4 vows and promises

Five regrets

Six branches are smooth.

7 happy encounters

Composed of 8 branches.

Strong love lasts forever.

10 perfect, perfect

1 1 specificity

12 heart-to-heart communication

13 crushing

14 zhihao lives in Hao San.

15 youth and beauty

16 the highest point of love

17 stick to this mood.

18 favorite

20 pieces of such love will never change.

2 1 favorites

22 pairs

24 ideas

Please accept my love.

I love you, Sansheng Shisan.

My heart belongs to you, and my love belongs only to you.

Until death do us part.

48 beloved people

50 no regrets

5 1, I only have you in my heart.

56 pieces of my love

I love my wife.

True love remains the same.

77 happy encounters

88 hearts make up for it.

99 teams unite as one.

100 Bonzi grows old together for a hundred years.

10 1 unique love and persistent love

108 proposal

1 1 1 endless love, love you all your life.

144 Love you forever.

I miss you every day.

999 branches will exist forever

100 1 forever branch

Gift etiquette:

Marriage: it is suitable for people who send colorful words, which can enhance the romantic atmosphere and express sweetness.

Production: suitable for those who are quietly elegant and fragrant (not fragrant), indicating warmth, freshness and greatness.

Housewarming: Suitable for sending sedate and noble flowers and trees, such as gladiolus, roses, potted plants, bonsai, etc., to show grandeur.

Birthday: It is most appropriate to send birthday flowers, and roses, daisies and orchids can also be used to express eternal blessings.

Visiting the sick: suitable for sending gladiolus, roses and orchids. Avoid sending white, blue, yellow or fragrant flowers.