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Introduction of disciplines and specialties in the State Council Academic Degrees Committee Office in 1999 -0804 Instrument Science and Technology

Instrument science and technology is an important part of information science and technology and the source of information. Instrument science and technology is an important means to detect, measure, monitor and control objects, and it is a knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive comprehensive discipline, which provides material and technical support for the legalization of human society. With the research and development of high technology, all kinds of basic research and experimental work in national economic construction, modern national defense, modern industry, modern agriculture and human social life are inseparable from instruments and meters and their technologies. Therefore, instrument science and technology plays a very important role in the national economy. The development of instrument science and technology is closely related to the development of physics. Based on Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, electrodynamics and quantum force, the instrument industry represented by length, mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, electronics, time and frequency, electrons and ionizing radiation has been established. The combination of quantum mechanics and electronics and the development of modern science and technology, such as the application of atomic energy, aerospace, microelectronics, computer, laser and superconducting technology, not only make the instrument science and technology enter the quantum measurement stage, but also greatly improve the accuracy and measurement range of the instrument. The development of laser interference technology, atomic frequency standard, absolute measurement of optical power, reproduction of electric unit, objective measurement of temperature, photoelectric conversion, electromechanical conversion, magneto-optical effect, quantum interference devices and the application of electronic and computer technology have promoted the emergence of many new detection methods and instruments. Many new physical effects, such as Doppler effect, superconductivity, electron tunneling effect and quantized Hall effect, have been recognized one after another, and have been rapidly utilized and developed into new measurement technologies and instruments. The development and demand of microelectronics and aerospace technology promote the development of micro-displacement, precision aiming, precision positioning, precision navigation and micro-machining, and raise precision instruments and machinery to a new technical level. Therefore, instrument science and technology has developed into a comprehensive discipline focusing on precision machinery, electronics, photoelectric technology and computer technology, and has gradually formed a cross-cutting and interpenetrating situation with precision instruments and machinery, measuring technology and instruments, photoelectric engineering, electronics, computer science, detection technology and automation. It includes many important disciplines such as measurement and control technology and instruments, micromechanics and nanotechnology, intelligent instruments and virtual instruments, testing theory and technology, error theory and data processing technology, modern sensing technology and system, fault diagnosis and signal analysis and processing, quality engineering, inertial testing technology and control, electromagnetic measurement technology and instruments. Instrumental science and technology includes two two disciplines; Namely, precision instruments and machinery as well as measuring techniques and instruments. Both of them have their own characteristics in training objectives, business scope, curriculum setting, etc., and there are many connections and similarities. For example, everyone needs to master the professional knowledge structure and application skills in precision machinery, electronics, optics, computer technology, automatic control and information processing technology; Precision instruments and machinery focus on design theory and manufacturing technology of precision instruments and machinery, design theory and manufacturing technology of MEMS, inertial technology and navigation equipment, intelligent instruments and virtual instruments, intelligent structural systems and so on. The measurement technology and instruments focus on testing theory and technology, error theory and data processing technology, modern sensing technology and system, photoelectric detection technology and system, signal analysis and processing, dynamic testing, monitoring and fault diagnosis technology, quality control engineering and computer-aided measurement and control technology. Related disciplines of this discipline: physics, optical engineering, mechanical engineering, electronic science and technology, information and communication engineering, control science and engineering, computer science and engineering, etc.

08040 1 precision instruments and machinery

I. General situation of disciplines

This subject is instrument science and technology. With the development of science and technology, today's society has entered the information age. As a means and method of information acquisition, storage, processing, transmission and utilization, this subject is widely used in national defense, industry, agriculture and scientific research, and plays an important role in national economic and social development. In recent years, the rise of micromechanics and micro-nano technology is also an important development direction and research content of this discipline, which will have an important impact on China's economic development. This subject is a comprehensive interdisciplinary subject including precision machinery, electronic technology, optics, automatic control and computer technology.

Second, the training objectives

1. The doctoral degree should have the knowledge structure of precision machinery, optics, electronic technology, automatic control and computer technology, master the solid and extensive basic theory and systematic and in-depth professional knowledge of this discipline, and deeply understand the development direction of precision instruments and machinery discipline and the frontier of international academic research; You should master at least one foreign language, be proficient in reading foreign language materials of your major, and have extensive writing skills and the ability to conduct international academic exchanges; Have strong ability to engage in scientific research and professional and technical work independently, and obtain creative research results in a certain aspect; Be competent in teaching, scientific research, scientific and technological development or management of this major and its adjacent majors.

Postgraduates should have a solid basic theory in the field of precision instruments and machinery, be proficient in the professional knowledge of this subject, initially have the scientific research ability of this subject, be proficient in using computers, master a foreign language, and engage in teaching, scientific research, scientific and technological development or management of this major and its adjacent majors.

Three. scope of business

1。 Scope of scientific research

(1) Design theory and manufacturing technology of measurement and control technology and instruments, precision instruments and machinery, dynamic testing, signal analysis and fault diagnosis technology, photoelectric detection technology and system, nondestructive testing technology, new sensor technology and its application, image processing technology, etc.

(2) Design and manufacture of MEMS, micro-actuators, micro-engineering and nanotechnology.

(3) Intelligent structure system and instrument intelligent robot technology, design and manufacture of intelligent structure system, measurement automation and intelligence, virtual reality technology and virtual instrument, etc. (4) Inertial testing technology, control inertial system and micro-gyro system, navigation and positioning and measurement and control technology.

(5) Overall instrument technology: instrument engineering design method, instrument precision, optimization and reliability design, ergonomics and computer-aided design technology, etc.

2. Curriculum setting

(1) basic theory course for doctoral degree: modern mathematics foundation, nonlinear analysis method, modern signal processing and analysis, modeling of measurement and control system. Specialized courses include modern testing technology, gyroscope and inertial navigation, vibration theory and application, dynamic testing technology and application, digital image processing, machine vision, virtual reality technology and virtual instrument, and MEMS.

(2) Master's degree basic theory courses: engineering mathematics foundation, test signal processing, advanced electronics, control theory, error theory and data processing. Specialized courses include modern sensing technology, microcomputer interface principle and application, computer network technology, intelligent instrument and system design, dynamic test and modal analysis of mechanical system, micro-nano technology, inertial navigation system and control, photoelectric detection technology, instrument CAD technology and ergonomics.

Four, the main related disciplines are testing and measuring technology and instruments, optical engineering, detection technology and automation, mechanical and electronic engineering, biomedical engineering.

080402 measurement technology and instruments

I. General situation of disciplines

Measurement technology and instruments belong to two disciplines in instrument science and technology. In the natural sciences; People know things by measuring. "There is no science without measurement". Testing instruments are an important means for human beings to understand and transform nature and play an important role in the national economy. From the perspective of information theory, measurement technology is the source of information. With the development of science and technology, measurement technology has gradually developed into a new discipline involving mathematics, physics, microelectronics, precision machinery, sensor technology, automatic control technology, computer technology and communication technology, and the testing instrument manufacturing industry has gradually formed a new industry with multi-discipline, high knowledge density and high technology integration. In addition, modern measurement technology is developing in two main directions. First, the measuring range extends to both ends. The measurement accuracy is further improved, and the second is to develop in the direction of dynamic, real-time, online, remote control, multi-function, digitalization and intelligence.

Second, the training objectives

1. The doctoral degree should have the knowledge structure of mathematics, modern optics, microelectronics, precision machinery, modern sensing technology and testing technology, error theory and data processing, control theory, computer technology and signal processing, master the solid and broad basic theory and systematic and in-depth professional knowledge of this discipline, and deeply understand the development direction of measurement technology and instrument discipline and the frontier of international academic research. Should master at least one foreign language; Proficient in reading foreign language materials of this major; Have certain writing ability and international academic communication ability. Have a strong ability to engage in scientific research and professional and technical work independently, and have achieved creative research results in a certain aspect. Be competent in teaching, scientific research, scientific and technological development or management of this major and its adjacent majors.

2。 Postgraduates should have a solid theoretical foundation in the field of measurement technology and instruments, be proficient in the professional knowledge of this subject system, have the preliminary scientific research ability of this subject, be proficient in using computers and master a foreign language, and engage in teaching, scientific research, scientific and technological development or management of this major and its adjacent majors.

Three. scope of business

1. Research scope of the subject

(1) measurement theory and its application, error theory and data processing, reliability theory and its application, value calibration, transmission and calibration, simulation testing technology, etc.

(2) Modern sensing technology and system sensor theory and its application, modern sensing technology and instruments, optical and photoelectric detection technology, etc.

(3) Precision testing and quality engineering Modern testing technology and system, nano-testing technology, intelligent instruments and meters, test signal analysis and processing, fault diagnosis technology, dynamic and instantaneous testing technology, computer measurement and control technology and quality engineering.

(4) Electromagnetic measurement technology and instrument electromagnetic measurement theory, digital technology of electrical parameters, analysis and processing of electrical measurement signals, automatic test interface technology and system, etc.

2. Curriculum setting

(1) Doctoral basic theory courses: modern signal analysis and processing, optimal control theory, linear system, nonlinear digital analysis, introduction to modern measurement and control, introduction to intelligent materials and structures. Specialized courses include modern test technology, intelligent test system design, dynamic and vibration test and analysis, modern time domain measurement, intelligent multimedia technology, dynamic parameter measurement and test progress.

(2) Master's degree basic theory courses: engineering mathematics foundation, test signal processing, advanced electronics, digital image processing technology, error theory and data processing. Specialized courses include intelligent instrument design, microcomputer interface principle and application, geometric measurement and control technology, modern sensor principle and application, laser and photoelectric testing technology, quality engineering and so on. Four main related disciplines: precision instruments and machinery, mechatronics engineering, optical engineering, detection technology and its automation, computer application technology.