What are the characteristics of Du Mu's calligraphy?

Du Mu's calligraphy for eight years is very distinctive. Xiao never expected to meet Zhang in Luoyang. At this time, Zhang has become a guest from other places, making a living by selling wine. Tu Mu was deeply touched and wrote a five-character poem "Zhang Hao Hao".

Because of his full emotions, his writing is not only delicate, but also his calligraphy is more elegant, which won Du a good reputation as a calligrapher. Xuanhe Pu Shu comments:? (Du) Forage is vigorous and powerful, which is in line with the text. ?

Ye Yibao, a A Qing, also spoke highly of Supplement to the Scholars. Mu Zhi's books are natural and unrestrained, and won the charm of the Six Dynasties. Zong Bo (Dong Qichang) said: After Yan and Liu, Wen Feiqing and Du Ruo will become famous. ?

Nowadays, people can see very few original works of the Tang Dynasty. This "Zhang Hao Shi Juan" is naturally precious and unusual. The paper bears the identification seals of Song Huizong, Jia Sidao, Nian Gengyao and Gan Long.

When was Puyi the emperor? Beishou? I didn't forget to recite this volume in a hurry at that time. Later, it was owned by Zhang Boju, one of the four great sons of the Republic of China, and donated to the government and kept in the Palace Museum.

A summary of Du Mu's literary achievements

Du Mu's literary creation has made great achievements. His poems, ci poems and ancient prose are all named after his family, and he likes Taoism in Laozi and Zhuangzi. Du Mu advocates that all works should be based on meaning, supplemented by qi and guarded by words, and has a correct understanding of the relationship between content and form of works. And it can absorb and melt the strengths of predecessors and form its own special style. Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, Du Mu's ancient poems have a wide range of themes and strong brushwork. Du Mu's modern poems are famous for their beautiful words and ups and downs. Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, his classical poems have a wide range of themes and bold brushwork. His modern poems are famous for their beautiful words and ups and downs. The seven-law "Early Wild Goose" expresses the nostalgia for the people in the northern frontier displaced by the Uighur invasion, and it has a graceful and lingering taste. "Ascending the Mountain in Nine Days" writes his broad-minded mind in a bold style, but it also contains deep sadness. The general trend of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty is gorgeous and dense, and Du Mu is influenced by the atmosphere of the times and also pays attention to the use of words. Is this kind of rhetoric with a tendency to * * * related to him personally? Heroic? The combination of characteristics, elegant and graceful, elegant and graceful, exquisite and graceful.

Poetry achievement

Du, written by Lin Jianlue, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, thinks that Du Mu's poems can be divided into two categories: one is heroic and the other is romantic. The former? Or for mourning, mourning, or sentimental works, mostly written in rough style and whimsy? ; The latter? Most of them are low-key and fresh styles, not full of paper? . Wang Shuxiang poet Du Mu thinks that Du Mu's? Is the style of writing so changeable and the poetry so heroic? ,? His poems are charming, too steep, and because of this, they sometimes become delicate. However, you should know Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin, Wen and so on. All appeared at the same time as him. He doesn't want to influence the creativity and style that became popular for a while, and he doesn't want to influence Wen Li's obscurity. I want to be unique, try to correct the shortcomings of the times, and my ideas should be unique. ? Qian Miao's "On Du Mu's Poetry" holds that the delicate and cool style in Du Mu's poetry is unique in the late Tang Dynasty and in the whole Tang Dynasty. This is the characteristic of Du Mu's artistic genius, interwoven with strong feelings of worrying about the country and the people and the tenderness of hurting the spring and others. Ge's "Du Mu and His Poems" thinks? The ideal of eager to contribute to the country has brought rich imagination and bold spirit to Du Mu's poems, but his pragmatic spirit has never made his imagination and metaphor dangerous. ? Because Du Mu is here again? Express a keen sense of the beauty of life in direct language? Have a unique talent in ... He can always find the unique beauty from the daily scenery, find some artistic conception that is most harmonious with the artistic conception, and show it through the ingenious organization of the picture. ? Wang Xiping and Zhang Tian's A Brief Analysis of the Artistic Beauty of Du Mu's Poetry holds that the artistic beauty of Du Mu's poetry lies in having? Is the bold and healthy image beautiful? ,? Strong and frank poetic beauty? 、? Fresh and clean artistic conception beauty? . Wang Xiping's "On Du Mu's Creative Personality and Artistic Style" points out that Du Mu used to be frank and straightforward in his performances; Reasoning in poetry; The main means of Du Mu's deviance is to use the method of bending the body, while refuting (reversing the case) and asking questions, thus forming a bold and unrestrained style. Wu Zaiqing's "A Preliminary Study on the Expression Techniques of Du Mu's Poetry" thinks? His poems are vivid and infectious, which is closely related to his use of metaphor, personification, situational expression, situational expression and contrast. The techniques of expression, such as reversing the verdict, dropping the tail, asking questions deeply and using allusions, also played a role in opening up new artistic conception and deepening ideological connotation in his poems. The direct expression of the mind and the inversion of grammatical sentences directly influenced his bold, vigorous and unruly style of ancient poetry? ,? However, subtlety, a wave of falling off the tail, feelings in the scene, expressions in the scene and deep-seated questions are more obviously helpful to the formation of his poetic style. ?

Classical poetry

Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, Du Mu's ancient poems are good at integrating narrative, discussion and lyricism, with rigorous style and thin sentence patterns, such as Poems of Feeling for the Heart, Poems of Du Qiuniang, Poems of Zhang, Lonely Village in the County, Books in the Snow, and Autumn Sending to Hebei. Among them, prose narrative and discussion are common. Du Mu's ancient poems were influenced by Han Yu. But sometimes he will use metaphor and image language to discuss, full of lyricism. Du Mu's ancient poems often have a different realm, simple and unpretentious, heroic and vigorous, such as "Chizhou bid farewell to Meng Chi's ancestors". The style of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty is humble, mostly metrical poems and quatrains. Few people can write long poems. Du Mu's ancient poems were also outstanding in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. His poems of this kind are very harmonious. Handsome? Well-known laws and excellent works constitute three main aspects of his poetry creation.

Quatrain

Du Mu's quatrains are equivalent to metrical poems, which have achieved great success and have always enjoyed a high reputation. Guan Shiming's Preface to Reading Tang Poems in Snow Mountain House says: Du's genius is easy to escape. He has a white wind, but sometimes he goes in and out in his dreams. Seven-character quatrains are one, almost all of which are special. ? Re-editing He Shang's Poem of Wine Garden:? Du Fu's poems, but quatrains have the most style, and the taste is always thought-provoking. There is a lonely shadow of the bright moon, which is like the uniqueness of the high gorge, but the rest of the poems are not. What does Shen Deqian think of Du Mu's quatrains? Tuoxing fainted? Can it be called the Tang Dynasty? Heilang? Summarize its characteristics as? Far rhyme and far spirit? . He achieved the highest achievement among the seven wonders, with beautiful artistic conception, amazing comments and meaningful charm. Poems on history, amazing ideas, high historical knowledge. Du Mu's scenery is lyrical and poetic, with beautiful artistic conception and meaningful charm, which is beyond the seven wonders of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is good at capturing the beautiful images of natural scenery, describing them with quatrains, subtle and refined, and blending scenes. In just four sentences, he wrote a complete and beautiful scene, just like a painting, such as Jiang Nanchun's quatrains.

Lvshi

There are a considerable number of Du Mu's regular poems, among which there are more than 100 Collected Works of Fan Chuan, and about 167 except the Collected Works of Fan Chuan and other collections. His regular poems occupy an important position in all his poems, and his artistic achievements are also very high, especially the seven laws. The style of Du Mu's poems is handsome, cold, vigorous and heroic, which is the most prominent in his regular poems. Later poetry critics have pointed out? Thick and short? This is the characteristic of Du Mu's regular poems. Liu Kezhuang's Post-Shi Cun Dialect in Song Dynasty said:? Mutu and Xu Hun are different at the same time. Animal husbandry in the Tang law often contains less depression and precipitousness to correct the disadvantages of the times. ? Yang Shenyun in Ming Dynasty: In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Yishan declined, but Du Mu was the best. Song people commented that his poems were magnificent, elegant and beautiful, especially clumsy in regular poems, and he was loyal to his duties by correcting current disadvantages. ? Why did Du Mu write in the law poem? Not so awkward? Or? Is it particularly awkward? The reason, as Zhao Yi said in Qing Dynasty:? Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, metrical poems have prevailed and it is difficult to make any noise, so polysyllables are harmonious and beautiful. Du was afraid of weakness, and he created a school of arrogance and precipitousness to correct its shortcomings. ? Abrupt, on the one hand, refers to the abrupt momentum produced by poems without rhyme changes; On the other hand, it refers to the bold and vigorous artistic conception similar to classical poetry. Du Mu pretended to be an awkward sentence in the verse, or expressed an ancient meaning, showing a strong momentum and trying to correct the weak and mature style of poetry. Du Mu's Seven Laws are very realistic. In addition, Du Mu's rhythmic poems are all ancient rhymes, and there is a quaint charm in lingering.

Prose achievement

On Du Mu's Poetry and Prose by Wang Xiping and Zhang Tian comprehensively discussed Du Mu's poetry and prose in the Collected Works of Fan Chuan, and thought that its main characteristics were: 1. The style was sharp and profound; Second, extensive quotation, chapter analysis and sufficient reasoning; Third, the discussion is combined with lyricism, and the discussion has a strong lyrical color; Fourth, be good at vivid description and narration, vivid and full of truth. The article also points out that we can see the imprint of his article from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty from two aspects: one is to open the way for Song people to understand and be fluent, and the other is to lay the foundation for the combination of arrogance and dispersion. Kou Yanghou (on Du Mu's Prose) 5 points out that Du Mu's prose has made great achievements in ideological content, mainly in the long political articles of political commentators. Their artistic hotspots are: vertical and horizontal debate, full of literary talent. Rigorous structure and meticulous reasoning. Use even sentences skillfully to spread arrogance. And some of his articles about people's narrative lyric objects are also original in art. At the end of the article, Du Mu inherited the fine tradition of the ancient prose movement led by Han Yu, but at the same time he was able to find a new way. ? Wu Zaiqing's "Du Mu and Han Yu's ancient prose movement" holds that from Du Mu's creative thought and practice, his relationship with Liu Han, especially Han Yu, is obvious. Mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, Du Mu inherited and developed Liu Han's view on the relationship between meaning, qi and ci in Wen Xin Diao Long. Second, Du Mu advocates that literature should be supplemented by qi, which is also related to what Han Yu said? Gas? The concept is roughly the same. Thirdly, we can also see Du Mu's inheritance and development of Liu Han from the text sentence pattern and style. Finally, the article points out that in the late Tang Dynasty, when arrogant prose developed with the glitz of writing style, Du Mu was able to resist glitz, stick to the direction of prose, and try to avoid using arrogance, which was more thorough than Han Yu.

Anecdotes and allusions of Du Mu, anecdotes

According to the usual practice, new Jinshi will visit Qujiang. Qujiang was the most lively place at that time, especially in spring. Yao He, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, once expressed great feelings and wrote poems. There are several hectares of apricot flowers at the head of the river, and horses and chariots are scrambling to come here. If no one wants to watch it all night, the trees are covered with dust at dusk.

At this time, Du Mu looked forward to the brightness, and he raised his hand and lifted his foot. Only? There are many kinds of feelings. Three or five of them came to Qujiang Temple and happened to meet a monk who was meditating, so they chatted. The monk asked Du Mu's name, and Du Mu proudly signed up, thinking? Who in the world doesn't know me? I thought the monks would be surprised and exposed? Groupies? Fanaticism Who knows that the monk looked calm and didn't know it himself, which made Du Mu particularly lost and very disappointed, so he wrote a poem on the spot. Living next to Duqu in the south of the city, two osmanthus flowers bloomed for a while. The old monk didn't have a well-known surname, and he began to feel that an empty door was long. ?

Cui Zan strongly recommends it.

At that time, assistant minister Cui Zan was ordered to preside over the Jinshi exam in Luoyang, the eastern capital. At this time, Liu Zongyuan's old friend Wu Wuling Cui Zan is working as a business doctor and riding an old donkey to join in the fun. Cui Yan had a good time at the party. I heard that Wu, a famous incorruptible person, also came. He was very surprised and hurried away to meet him. Wu saw Cui Zan, pulled Cui Zan aside, patted Cui Zan on the shoulder and said, you can be this post. I am too old to solve problems for the imperial court, so I might as well recommend a wise man to you. A few days ago, I happened to find a classmate discussing an article enthusiastically, so I read it carefully. It turned out that Du Mu, who was going to take the exam this time, wrote Gong Fangfu. This article is really well written. This man is so talented. Assistant Minister Cui, you have a heavy workload and a tight schedule. I'm afraid you have no time to browse this article. Let me read it to you. Speaking of which, Wu Lao pronounced Epang Palace with clear pronunciation and mellow voice, shaking his head. Cui Yan is also a tasteful intellectual, and after listening to him, he was full of praise. Wu Wuling strikes while the iron is hot, so that Cui Yan can rate Du Mu as the No.1 scholar in the next exam. Cui Yan showed a reluctant expression on his face and refused: The champion has been booked by others. Wu Lao ran after him and said loudly: If you really can't be the No.1 scholar, then take a step back and let Du Mu be the No.5 scholar. Cui Zan was still hesitating. Wu Lao said, If it doesn't work, give me this poem back and see if there is a better poem than this one. Cui Yan had to promise, and then watched Wu leave.