Four Grottoes in China

The four major grottoes in China refer to Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu, Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan and Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu.

Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave, is located in Dunhuang at the western end of Hexi Corridor. Founded in the pre-Qin period of sixteen countries, it was built in the Northern Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties, Xixia Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty and other dynasties, forming a huge scale, with 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals and 24 15 clay sculptures. It is the largest and richest Buddhist art place in the world.

196 1 year, the Mogao grottoes were announced by the people of China and the State Council as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1987, Mogao grottoes was listed as a world cultural heritage.

Mogao Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province, and Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province are called the three major grottoes in China, and then Maijishan Grottoes are called the four major grottoes. On August 3rd, 2065438, a large-scale documentary "Dialogue between Mogao Grottoes and Angkor Wat" jointly produced by Dunhuang Research Institute and other units premiered at Dunhuang International Convention and Exhibition Center. With the theme of dialogue among Asian civilizations, the documentary shows people the wonderful connection between different civilizations in fate, culture and art.

Yungang Grottoes is located at the south foot of Wuzhou Mountain, which is17km west of Datong City, Shanxi Province in northern China. Grottoes are dug along the mountain, stretching from east to west 1 km. There are 45 main caves, 252 grottoes and more than 565,438+0,000 stone carvings. It is one of the largest ancient grottoes in China, and it is also known as the four artistic treasures of China, together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes and Tianshui Maijishan Grottoes.

196 1 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China, and 2001214 was listed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO, and was rated as the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions by the National Tourism Administration on May 8, 2007.

Longmen Grottoes is one of the treasures of stone carving art in China. It is now a world cultural heritage, a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction. It is located in Longmen Mountain and Xiangshan Mountain on both sides of the Yihe River in Luolong District, Luoyang City, Henan Province. Longmen Grottoes, Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Maijishan Grottoes are also called the four major grottoes in China.

The Longmen Grottoes were dug in the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and after more than 400 years of large-scale construction in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, the length from north to south was 1 km. Today, there are 2,345 grottoes, more than 654.38 million statues and more than 2,800 inscriptions. Among them, Wu Zetian carved Lushena Buddha at Fengxian Temple in Longmen Grottoes. After the news that Luoyang Weizi built a paradise reached Japan, Emperor Shengwu made an oath of "I will build it too", so he established Dongda Temple in Nara (Heichengjing). Twenty products of Longmen is the essence of Weibei calligraphy, and A Que Buddhist Shrine Monument by Chu Suiliang is a model of regular script art in the early Tang Dynasty.

Longmen Grottoes lasted for a long time, spanning many dynasties. They reflect the development and changes of China ancient politics, economy, religion, culture and many other fields from different aspects with a large number of physical images and written materials, and have made great contributions to the innovation and development of China Grottoes.

Maijishan Grottoes is an important scenic spot in Maijishan Scenic Area, a national 5A-level tourist scenic spot, and it is named because the mountain shape resembles the shape of farmers' wheat piles.

The cave niches in Maijishan Grottoes are carved on the vertical cliff surface, 20-80 meters high and 200 meters wide. There are 65,438+094 caves, including 54 caves in East Asia and 65,438+040 caves in Xia, with more than 7,800 clay sculptures, stone carvings and stone carvings. The largest statue, the Giant Buddha of East Asia, is 15.8 meters high, and the mural is 1000 square meters.

Maijishan Grottoes is one of the four largest grottoes in China, and is known as the "Oriental Sculpture Hall". The other three grottoes are Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.

2065438+On June 22nd, 2004, at the 38th meeting of UNESCO World Heritage Committee held in Doha, Qatar, Maijishan Grottoes was successfully listed on the World Heritage List as a site in the Silk Road: Chang 'an-Tianshan Corridor Network jointly applied by China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.