What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is the most common disease in endocrine system, which can be caused by many reasons, among which diffuse goiter with hyperthyroidism is the most common, accounting for about 88% ~ 90% of all hyperthyroidism patients, so it is usually referred to as hyperthyroidism. Because most patients with this disease have hypermetabolism and goiter at the same time, it is called toxic diffuse goiter, also known as Graves' disease.

The clinical manifestations of the disease are complex and diverse, and most of them have a slow onset, so it is difficult to determine the date of onset. A few patients have acute attacks after mental trauma or infection. The clinical manifestations are different and the severity varies greatly. Mild patients can be confused with neurosis, and some patients mainly show arrhythmia, cachexia or myopathy, exophthalmos and so on. Clinically, goiter in female patients is more obvious, while goiter in male patients is lighter than that in female patients. It is more common for women to be flustered and emotionally unstable, while men are more prone to symptoms such as hunger, emaciation and fatigue. The typical manifestations of the disease are hypermetabolic syndrome, goiter and eye sign caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormone, and systemic symptoms such as spirit, nerve, cardiovascular, muscle, bone, reproduction and hematopoiesis can be seen. Attention should be paid to the atypical manifestations of elderly and pediatric patients.