Heaven and earth theory

The theory of "blessed land with a unique cave", that is, "Taoist wonderland", is an important part of Taoist culture. The theory of "blessed land with a unique cave" originated from the ancient ancestors' worship concept of "the sun, moon, stars, mountains and rivers", and its early performance was "the true picture of five mountains" The drawing method of this map is somewhat similar to the color separation labeling method of modern maps. Black is the mountain, red is the water, and yellow is the hole. In the eyes of monks, the real map of the Five Mountains is not only a map, but also a token of "welcoming the truth and reaching the spirit". Wearing this token can ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters, and also let monks know about the immortal temple in Lingshan and the famous mountain of collecting medicine and refining alchemy. At the same time, it is also a warning to monks: everything in the world is an emotional life, and every mountain, water, grass and tree has its own dignity and gods. Be kind to everything, and you will be welcomed and helped by everything. During his becoming a monk, Sima Chengzhen devoted himself to studying the Taoist theory of Elysium before the Tang Dynasty, and made a detailed study of the mountains, caves, streams and clouds of Mount Wu, and put forward the theory of "ten caves, thirty-six caves and seventy-two blessed places" in the world completely, and compiled the Map of Heaven and Earth Palace.

In the Map of Heaven and Earth Palace, Sima Cheng not only painted a map of all caves, but also listed the dominant immortals. Among them, caves are ruled by immortals sent by heaven, and blessed land is ruled by real people ordered by God, and many true immortals have found their own way in them. Most of these famous mountains and rivers and scenic spots were places where Taoist activities were concentrated and active before the Tang Dynasty.

The theory of heaven and earth is an important part of Taoist cosmology. Its basic connotation can be interpreted in modern language as follows: that is, there are 36 relatively isolated life worlds (that is, ten caves and thirty-six caves) and 72 special areas (that is, seventy-two blessed lands) in the living space centered on the earth where we human beings live (the so-called "big world"). Most of these caves are located in or between the famous mountains and small mountains in China, and they are interconnected to form a special underground world. There are low-level fairies or recluses among them.

According to the Taoist explanation, the world of heaven and earth is similar to the world we live in, and it also has its own natural elements such as heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountains and rivers, vegetation and so on. Because caves are located in the space of the big world, they have various connections with our world (for example, the world sometimes strays into caves, and cave residents sometimes visit the world. At the same time, due to their relative isolation, the world of heaven and earth has its own unique space-time structure. Generally speaking, the cave world is not open to the outside world, and their existence is very secretive. Functionally, except for a few secluded caves, caves and blessed land can be regarded as a training place for Taoist priests before reaching the ultimate goal of liberation; From the origin point of view, the emergence and formation of Taoism's "unique" theory should be closely related to the mountain living habits of China's ancient ancestors in the early historical period and early civilization period. (1) At this point, we can understand that "stone chambers" and "caves" were once the basic residences of monks in the pre-Taoist period and the early Taoist period. From the perspective of cosmology and ontology, the Taoist theory of "Heaven and Earth Blessing" embodies the unique perspective of Taoist on heaven, earth, people and things, and the implied views of heaven, earth, people and things are meaningful and thought-provoking. It is different from our usual views on existence, non-existence, nothingness and entity, but explains the existing forms of heaven, earth, people and things in the context of an interlocking theory of cosmic composition. This is intrinsically consistent with the Taoism.

Top ten fairyland

The old gentleman in Taishang said: Ten-hole laymen are among the most famous mountains in the world, ruled by immortals sent by the Emperor of Heaven.

The first Wu Wang cave

When Zhou returned to Wan Li, he said that there was a small empty day. In Luoyang and Heyang, I went to Wuwang County, 60 miles away, which belongs to Wang Junzhi in the west city.

Second Committee Yushandong

Zhou returned to Wan Li and said it would be fine. Huangyan county, Taizhou, to the county seat of Sanli, juvenile rule.

Third Xicheng cave

Zhou Huisan Li, called Taixuan, has always been like this. Not detailed, in the "Deng Ji" cloud, it is suspected to be the end of South Taiyi Mountain, belonging to.

No.4 Xixuan Cave

Zhou Hui Sanli, No.3 Courtyard is really a drop in the bucket. I'm afraid I can't reach it, so I don't know where it is.

Fifth Qingcheng Mountain Cave

Zhou returned to 2000 Li, which is the so-called Baoxian Cave Room 9. In Qingcheng County, it was ruled by Qingcheng Zhang.

6 th Chicheng Cave

Zhou returned to 300 Li, which is the so-called clear water cave. In Tangxing County, Taizhou, it belongs to Bozhi, Xuanzhou County.

7 th luofushan cave

Zhou, known as Zhu Minghui's real hole. In Boluo County, Zhou Xun, it belongs to Mr. Jing Qing.

The eighth sentence Qu Cave

Week back to one hundred and fifty miles, called Jintan Huayang Cave. Jurong County, Runzhou, is under the jurisdiction of Ziyang.

No.9 Lingwu Cave

Back to the week 400 miles away, the name was the cave where Youshen lived in seclusion. Dongting Lake, at the mouth of the sea, belongs to the real rule of Beiyue.

10 Kuocangshan Cave

Zhou returned to 300 miles, nicknamed virtue and mysterious cave. In Le 'an County, Chuzhou, it belongs to the rule of Beihai public examination paper.

Sanshiliu Tian Xiaodong

The old gentleman said: Secondly, there are thirty-six small caves. Among the famous mountains, there are also places ruled by immortals.

The first fire passes through the cave

Hui Zhou Sanli is called Huolin Cave. In Changxi County, Fuzhou, it belongs to the immortal king.

The second dongyue Taishan cave

Zhou Huiqianli is named Pengxuan Cave. In Ganfeng County of Yanzhou, it was ruled by Tu Shan's son.

3 rd Nanyue Hengshan cave

Hui Zhou, 700 Li, is called Zhuling Cave. Hengshan County, Hengzhou, was ruled by immortal Shi Changsheng.

No.4 Xiyue Huashan Cave

Zhou returned to 300 Li, which is called Gongxian Cave. In Huayin County, Iowa, real people benefit car owners.

5 th Beiyue Changshan Cave

Zhou Su is 3,000 Li, which is called the Total Mystery Cave. In Quyang County, Changshan County, Zhou Zhe, Zhengzi Zhenzhi was a real person.

No.6 Zhongyue Songshan Cave

Zhou returned to three thousand Li and called Sima Dongtian. In Dengfeng county, there are immortal ambitions.

7 th Emei cave

Zhou Su, 300 miles away, is called Xu Ling Cave. In Emei County, Jiazhou, the real Tang ruled it.

Lushan no.8 cave

A week back to one hundred and eighty miles, called the cave spirit is really heaven. In Dean County, Jiangzhou, the real person Zhou Zhengshi ruled.

No.9 Siming Mountain Cave

Week back to one hundred and eighty miles, called Danshan Chishui Day. Shangyu county, Yuezhou, is really a cure.

10 th huijidong

Three hundred and fifty miles a week is called the mysterious Dayuan Day. In Jinghu Lake, Shanyin County, Yuezhou, the immortal Guo Hua ruled it.

Eleventh Taibai Cave

Zhou returned to 500 miles away, called Xuande Cave. In Chang 'an County of Jingzhao Prefecture, and even in Zhong Nanshan, the immortal Zhang Ji even ruled it.

Xishandong 12

Three hundred miles back in a week, calling Tianzhu an extremely mysterious treasure. In Nanchang County, Hongzhou, the real Tang Gongcheng ruled it.

13 Xiaowei Cave

Three hundred miles back in a week is called "good metaphysics". In Tanzhou Forest, Liling County, there is a fairy mountain.

14 Snake Cave

Weeks back to eighty miles, called Tianzhu Temple Tian Xuan. In Huaining County, the immortal age ruled it.

The fifteenth ghost valley cave

Weeks back to seventy miles, called your XuanSi Tian Zhen. In Guixi County, Xinzhou, the real Cui Wenzi ruled it.

Wuyishan no.16 cave

A week back to 120 miles is called truly boarding the mysterious sky. Jianyang county, Jianzhou, was ruled by real Liu Shaogong.

/kloc-No.0/7 Yu Rendong

Weeks back to one hundred and twenty miles, called Tai Xuan Lotte. Xiajiang County, Jizhou, is in charge of Liang Boluan.

/kloc-No.0/8 Gai Hua Cave

Weeks back to four miles, called Rongcheng to reach Yutian. In Yongjia County, Wenzhou, the immortal Yang Gong restored it.

The 19th Gaizhu Cave

Weeks back to eighty miles, named Long Yaobao Guangtian. In Huangyan County, Taizhou, it belongs to the immortal Shangqiu Zizhi.

No.20 jiaodu cave

Week back to one hundred and eighty miles, called Baoxuan Cave. In Puning County, Rongzhou, the immortal Liu was cured.

No.21Baishidong

Weeks back to seventy miles, called Xiulechang Town Field. Yulin, south of the South China Sea, and hanshan county, Yunzhou, are ruled by Bai Zhenren.

No.22 gua cave

Weeks back to four miles, called jade Quetian. In Beiliu County, Rongzhou, it is ruled by a fairy and a real person.

Jiuyishan no.23 cave

Weeks back to three thousand li, called chaotian. Tang Yan County, Daozhou, was ruled by the immortal Yan Zhenqing.

No.24 dongyangshandong

Week back to one hundred and fifty miles, known as Dongyang hidden view of the sky. In Changsha County, Tanzhou and Serina Liu are ruled by the people.

Act 25 Floating in Shandong

Week back to one hundred and eighty miles, called Zhen Xuan Taiyuantian. In Tangnian County, Ezhou, it was ruled by Chen Zhenren.

The 26th largest single cave.

Going back to a hundred miles a week is called a wonderful day in Judah. Go to Chenzhou for seventy miles, and Yin Zhenren will cure you.

No.27 jintingdong

Weeks back to three hundred miles, called jinting worship wonderful day. In Yuezhou County (now northeast of Xinchang County), it was ruled by Zhao Xianbo.

No.28 magudong

Week back to one hundred and fifty miles, called Danxia Tian. In Nancheng County, Fuzhou, it was ruled by Wang Zhenren.

No.29 xiandu cave

Zhou returned to 300 Li, calling the fairy capital to pray for heaven. In Jinyun county, it belongs to the rule of Zhao Zhenren.

No.30 Qingtian cave

Forty-five miles ago, it was called Qingtian Daiwada. In qingtian county, a special area belongs to Fu Zhenren.

3 1 bell cave

A hundred miles a week, Zhu was born in the sky. In Shangyuan County, Runzhou, it was ruled by Gong Zhenren.

Changliangdong no.32

A week ago, three miles ago, Liang Ming often indulged in his life. In Jurong County, Runzhou, it belongs to the rule of Li Zhen.

No.33 Zigaidong

Eight miles ago, the famous Zixuan Cave shone in the sky. In Dangyang County, Jingzhou, it belongs to a real person in Gong Yu.

No.34 Tianmu cave

A hundred miles a week, called the day to Xuandi day. In Yuhang County, Hangzhou, it belongs to Jiang Zhenren.

No.35 Taoyuandong

Weeks back to seventy miles, called white horse XuanGuangTian. Wuling County, Xuanzhou, was ruled by Xie Zhenren.

No.36 Jinhua cave

Go back ten miles on Friday, and it's called Jinhua Cave. In Jinhua County, Wuzhou, it belongs to Dai Zhenren.

Knight Er Fu Di

"Heaven and Earth Palace Map" says: "Seventy-two blessed places, among the famous mountains on the ground, are ruled by God, and most of them are places of Tao." The word "blessed land" appeared very early, and the Taoist scriptures compiled by Shangqing School in the Eastern Jin Dynasty quoted the records of blessed land and blessed land in Kong Qiu. The word "seventy-two blessed lands" can also be found in Taoist books in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The book "Applying the Zhai Wei Book of Changes" includes "Twenty-four rulers, thirty-six Lu Jing, seventy-two blessed places, and 365 famous mountains ..." At that time, the specific name was contained in the book "Heaven and Earth Palace Map" compiled by the Taoist priest Sima Chengzhen in the Tang Dynasty. They are:

First, Difei Mountain (Maoshan) is located in Jurong County, jiangning house (now Jiangsu);

2. Gaizhu Mountain is located in Xiandu County, Quzhou (Xiandu County was not in Quzhou in the Tang Dynasty), or it is the same address as the Nineteen Cave.

3. Xiantuan Mountain is near the grass market in Baixi, Shili, Liangcheng County, Wenzhou (according to the fact that there was no Wenzhou in Liangcheng County in the Tang Dynasty, it is suspected to be "Lecheng County" in the Tang Dynasty, that is, now Yueqing, Baixi Town is located in the north of Yandang Mountain, whether to elaborate);

4. Dongxianyuan, in Huangyan County, Taizhou (now Zhejiang);

Fifth, Xixiangyuan, located in Qiling, Huangyan County, Taizhou;

Sixth, the South Tianshan Mountains are in the east of the East China Sea. Legend has it that the boat can reach. According to Ji Sheng in the Ground, Nantian, wencheng county, Zhejiang Province is one of the 72 blessed places in ancient times.

Seventh, Hosta Mountain, near Penglai Island in the East China Sea;

Eighth, Qingyushan, west of the East China Sea, meets Fusang Wonderland;

9. Yumu Cave ("Cave" or "Pit") is located in the south of Renshan Mountain (now Xiajiang County, Jiangxi Province);

Tenth, Danxia Cave, located in Magu Shanxi (now the south of Jiangxi Province);

Eleventh, Junshan, in Dongting Caoqing Lake (now Dongting Lake, Hunan Province);

Twelfth, Daruoyan is located in Yongjia County, Wenzhou (now Zhejiang). Pass for Tao Hongjing to modify the true letters patent;

Thirteenth, Jiaoyuan, in Jianyang County, north of Jianzhou (now Fujian);

14. Xu Ling is located in the north of Tangxing County, Taizhou (now Tiantai, Zhejiang). Sima Cheng Town, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, was once a hiding place.

Fifteen, Wozhou, in the southeast of Yuezhou County (now Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province);

16. Tianmu Cen is in the south of Shan County (now Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province). Li Bai's Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu: "Only the Yue people talk about Mount Tianmu" and "A straight line goes to heaven, with its peak reaching the sky, the top of the five sacred peaks, casting a shadow across China" refers to this;

Seventeenth, Ruoyuexi, south of Huiji County in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang);

Eighteenth, Jinting Mountain in the east of Xinchang County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, with Jinting Cave on it. Tang Peitong recorded a cloud: among the mountains and rivers, Jinting is the most beautiful. Or nicknamed Wei Zishan, in Chaoxian, Luzhou (now Anhui);

Nineteenth, Qingyuan Mountain, in Qingyuan County, Guangzhou (now Guangdong);

Twentieth, Anshan, in the north of Jiaozhou (now Guangdong and Guangxi);

21. Maling Mountain, located in Shuidong, Chenzhou (now Chenxian County, Hunan Province);

The twenty-second time, Eyangshan, in Changsha County, Tanzhou (now Hunan);

Twenty-third, the cave market, also in Changsha County, Chenzhou, is a "cave altar";

Twenty-fourth, sapphire altar, west of Zhurong Peak in Nanyue;

Twenty-fifth, the temple of light, at the source of Mount Hengshan;

Twenty-sixth, the source of the cave spirit, recruiting immortals to see the west in Hengshan Mountain, Nanyue;

27. Donggong Mountain, in Wuling, Guanli Town, Jianzhou (now Donggong Mountain between Zhenghe, Zhouning and Pingnan counties in Fujian);

28. Taoshan, in Anguo County, Wenzhou (now Ruian, Zhejiang). Tao Hongjing once lived in seclusion here;

Twenty-nine, Huang San Well, in Hengyang County, Wenzhou (now Pingyang, Zhejiang);

Thirtieth, Lanke Mountain, in Xin 'an County, Quzhou (now Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province);

Thirty-one, Lexi, east of Jianyang (now Fujian);

The thirty-second time, Longhushan, was in Guixi County, Xinzhou (now Jiangxi). It is the place where an altar is located;

Thirty-third, Lingshan, in Shangrao County, Xinzhou (now Jiangxi). One is "Lingying Mountain", which is located in the north of Raozhou (Boyang, Jiangxi Province);

Thirty-four, Yolanda, in Luofu Mountain (now Boluo, Guangdong);

Thirty-fifth, Jinjingshan, in Hua Qian County, Ganzhou (now Ningdu, Jiangxi);

Thirty-sixth, Ge jujube hill, in Ninao County, Jizhou (now Qingjiang, Jiangxi). Lingbao Daotan Department;

37. Shifeng Mountain, in Fengcheng County, Hongzhou (now Jiangxi);

Thirty-eighth, Xiaoyao Mountain, in Nanchang County of Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). Xu Xun Monastery;

Thirty-ninth, East Bai Yuan, east of Orfila County in Hongzhou (now Fengxin, Jiangxi);

Fortieth, Bochishan, in Chuzhou (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu);

The forty-first time, on the mountain, in Dantu County, Runzhou (now Jiangsu);

The forty-second time, Mao Gongtan, was in Changzhou County, Suzhou (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Or cloud Suzhou Dongting Lake, Baoshan 72 altars;

Forty-third, Jilong Mountain, in Liyang County (now Anhui County);

The forty-fourth time, Tongbai Mountain, in Tongbai County, Tang Zhou (now Henan);

Forty-fifth, Pingdu Mountain, in Du Zhi County of Zhongzhou (now Fengdu, Chongqing);

Forty-sixth, Lvluoshan, in the north of Wuling County, Langzhou (now Taoyuan, Hunan);

Forty-seventh time, West Lake Hill, in Jiangzhou South pengze county (now Jiangxi). Tao Yuanming's seclusion in Jin Dynasty. Speaking of Lushan and Huxi;

Forty-eighth time, Zhang Longshan, in Liling County, north of Tanzhou (now Hunan);

Forty-ninth, Jingfushan, in Lianzhou (now Guangdong), or Yunjiaozhou in the South China Sea. One is "Bao Dushan", who joined the party in Shuozhou (now Changzhi, Shanxi);

Fiftieth, Damian Mountain, in Chengdu County, Yizhou City (now Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province);

The fifty-first time, Chen Yuanshan, in Jiangzhou duchang county (now Jiangxi);

The fifty-second time, Matishan was located in Poyang County, Raozhou (now Poyang County, Jiangxi Province). One is "Maji Mountain", either in Zhou Shu (now Huaining, Anhui) or in Dantu County, Runzhou (now Jiangsu);

In the fifty-third time, Deshan (a work called Deshan) was located in Wuling County, Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan);

Fifty-fourth, Gaoxishui Blue Mountain, in Lantian County, Yongzhou (now Shaanxi);

Fifty-fifth, blue water, in Lantian County (now Shaanxi);

The fifty-sixth time, Yufeng, in Jingzhao County (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province). Or "Yufeng Mountain", in the middle of the river (in Zhou Pu Town, Yongji County, Shanxi Province);

Fifty-seventh, Tianzhu Mountain, Qianshan County, Anqing City, Anhui Province;

Fifty-eight, Shanggu Mountain, in Shangzhou (today's Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province).

Fifty-ninth, Zhanggong Cave, in Yixing County (now Yixing City, Jiangsu Province);

Back to the sixtieth, Sima Regret Mountain, in Taizhou Tiantai (now Zhejiang);

The sixty-first time, he grew up in the mountains, in Qixian (now Zouping, Shandong);

Back to the sixty-second, Zhongtiao Mountain is located in Yuxiang County (now Yongji, Shanxi). Or the cloud is in Yongle in the river (Yongle Town, Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province), which actually refers to a mountain;

Sixty-third time, Jiaohuyu was in the east of Xigu Yaozhou (now Yaoan, Yunnan). One is the "Fish Lake Cave" in Siming Mountain (southwest of Ningbo, Zhejiang);

Sixty-fourth, Mianzhu Mountain, in Mianzhu County, Hanzhou (now Sichuan);

Sixty-fifth, Lushui, in Xiliangzhou (referring to Liangzhou, Gong Yu, now Yalong River and its reach after confluence with Jinsha River);

Sixty-sixth, Gam San, in southern Guizhou (generally referred to as present-day Guizhou), is called central Guizhou (now Pengshui, Qianjiang and other counties in Sichuan are adjacent to Guizhou);

Sixty-seventh, Wang Huangshan (a "Rose Mountain") was in Hanzhou (ruled in Guanghan, Sichuan);

Sixty-eight, jincheng mountain, in the ancient world, and marble garrison. One in Yunzhong County (now Nanchong, Sichuan);

Sixty-ninth, Yunshan, in Wugang County, Shaozhou (now Wugang, Hunan);

Back to the seventieth, North Mangshan, in Luoyang County (now Luoyang, Henan Province);

The seventy-first time, Lushan Mountain, in Lianjiang County, Fuzhou (now Fujian);

Seventy-two, the East China Sea Mountain Haizhou (now Haizhou Town, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province) is 25 miles east, which is Yuntai Mountain.

According to Sima Chengzhen, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, the above figures are arranged in order. Du Guangting's Biography of Famous Mountains in Du Yue with a Blessed Land in the Cave and Li Sicong's Collection of Blessed Land in the Cave are different in order and specific names. This is a record in Cave Collection compiled by Li Sicong, a Taoist priest in the Northern Song Dynasty. The following is a list of 72 blessed places in the Song Dynasty. Chat reference: Difei Mountain, Gaizhu Mountain, Qingyuan Mountain, Anshan Mountain, Shike Mountain, Dongxianyuan Mountain, Qingyu Mountain, Yumukeng Mountain, Chishui Mountain, Magufengbei, Junshan Mountain, Guiyuan, Xu Ling, Wozhou, Tianmu Mountain, Zoigexi, Jinting Mountain, Maling Mountain, Eyang Mountain, Xu Zhen, Qingyutan and so on.