Write about the historical development of a scenic spot in Nanjing.

Among the "Forty-eight Scenic Spots of Jinling" selected in the Qing Dynasty, "Mu Yan Scenic Spot" accounted for six scenic spots (Shogunate Ascending, Damocles Cave, Yongji River, Hualong Li Di, Jiashan Wenjing and Yanji Zhao Xi), while "Zhongshan Scenic Spot" was selected only at that time, ranking first among the scenic spots in Nanjing today. This is enough to explain the natural landscape and historical and cultural value of the Mufu Mountain area.

1/ There are so many beauties in Jiangshan —— A survey of Shogun Mountain

As for the origin of the name of Mufu Mountain, it is said that Wang Dao, the prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was named after Mufu Mountain. However, according to recent archaeological discoveries, the Shogun Mountain was named as the Shogun Mountain as early as Wu Dong.

Mufu Mountain is about 8 kilometers north of downtown Nanjing, bordering the Yangtze River in the north and the ancient city in the south. The mountains along the river are long and narrow. Mufu Mountain includes Mufu Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain, Hushan Mountain, Beigushan Mountain, Laoshan Mountain, Guanyin Mountain and other areas, and the morphological swallow-tailed rocky mountain can also be included.

At present, the southern side of the shogunate mountains, Beigushan and other mountain groups have long been swallowed up by whales, split and broken, and lost their original state. Today, the shogunate mountain we are talking about generally refers to the shogunate mountain, Laoshan mountain, Guanyin mountain (Tower Mountain) and other peaks. From Yanziji to Shangyuanmen, the northeast-southwest line along the Yangtze River is about 12 Li, and the width from north to south varies from 2 to 4 Li. People often refer to Shogun Mountain and Yanziji as Mu Yan Scenic Area.

Mufu Mountain is now basically divided into four sections: the main peak (the main mining area of dolomite mine) in the west, which was originally more than 200 meters above sea level, has been mined and cut to about 70 meters, and the mountain is completely destroyed and exposed, except for some quilts newly planted by the Nanjing government in recent years; Due to the inconvenient transportation in the central Laoshan area, there are fewer stones and mines, and the mountain is generally well preserved; The protection status of Guanyinshan area in the east is general; The easternmost point is the exquisite Yanziji Park.

The geology of Mufu Mountain belongs to the marine deposit formed about 200-600 million years ago (Yanziji is the gravel deposit of the Yangtze River). After tens of thousands of years of limestone deposition on the mountain, the Yangtze River invaded and fractured, forming a unique continuous cliff and rich caves in the Mufu Mountain.

Due to the changes of the times, especially the uncontrolled blasting and mining in the past half century, not only most of the scenic spots in the history of Mufu Mountain have been lost, but also many original animal and plant species have been greatly reduced. There are very few animals on the Shogun Mountain now. In my many experiences of climbing mountains, I have only occasionally seen Huangshan frogs and wild ferrets, and there are not many kinds of insects. The plants in Mufu Mountain are Coptidis Rhizoma, Gleditsia sinensis, Lagerstroemia indica, Robinia pseudoacacia, Notoginseng Radix, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, wild persimmon, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb and some hardwoods. Other bryophytes are also common in Shogun Mountain, but the loss of some rare species is also very serious. For example, the original scale tree and copper tree in Shogun Mountain have basically disappeared now.

Today's Shogun Mountain is full of quarries, large and small. The reason is that there are a lot of mineral resources and stones in Mufu Mountain, and the most important thing is to find a lot of dolomite (magnesium ore). On the mining level of Shogun Mountain, we can not only walk on the exposed dolomite, but also sometimes find stones of various colors such as black, red and yellow, which we call five-color stones. The most surprising thing is that it is said that uranium was explored here before, but it was abandoned because it had no mining value ... On the surface of other mountains, some karst rocks of different shapes can often be seen.

2/ The blood and tears of the iron horse spread the magic-the history of Shogun Mountain

Since ancient times, the area around Yanziji, the shogunate mountain, is not only the traffic ferry between the north and the south of the great river, but also the strategic barrier and military artery for ancient Jinling to defend Jiangbei. In addition, it also enjoys the reputation of national scenery and the land of the Six Dynasties, so it has left many celebrity footprints, historical landscapes and folklore on the Shogun Mountain.

According to legend, during the Warring States Period, in order to suppress the "kingly way" of Nanjing, Chu Weiwang sent people to bury gold in Jinling Mountain at the foot of the Shogunate Mountain, hence the name of Nanjing. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he began to travel around the country from this area. In 3 17 AD, Si Marui, the king of Langya in the Western Jin Dynasty, crossed the river here and ascended the throne in Jiankang (Nanjing) to establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty. When I arrived in Liang Wudi, there was a story about Dharma and a reed crossing the river. When later generations studied the Song and Jin Wars, they said that Baguazhou was Huang Tiandang, and Song Jun defeated Jin Wushu here. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established his capital in Nanjing. Naturally, he also visited here many times, leaving many interesting folklore and poems. During the ancestor's reign of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean, and also chose to test seagoing ships in Zhangzhen Lake on the side of the Shogunate Mountain. Zheng Chenggong, the hero who recovered the treasure island of the motherland, fought all the way from Fujian to Nanjing in A.D. 1659, stationed troops in Mufu Mountain and recovered Jinling. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited Mu Yan many times in the south of the Yangtze River. Among them, Emperor Qianlong visited Jiangnan six times and left many poems. There are countless other famous poets here: Xie Lingyun, Li Bai, Wang Anshi, Wen Tianxiang, Kelpolo, Shi Kefa, Gong Zizhen and Deng Xiaoping. ...

In modern times, it has also become a witness to the shame of the Chinese nation. 1842 during the opium war, the British invaders landed on the beach here with gunboats, forcing the Qing government to sign the treaty of nanking, which humiliated the country. By 1937, the Yanziji area on the Shogunate Mountain had become a hell on earth for the Japanese invaders to slaughter Nanjing people, and about tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians were killed. At that time, the river turned red and the beach was covered with floating objects. Now there are two Nanjing Massacre Monuments (one in Yanziji and one in Shangyuanmen). When we come to Shogun Mountain, they will always remind us of the blood and tears of the people of China.

Youmuyan Scenic Area, a shogunate with crisp autumn air.

Since ancient times, there has been a saying that the bull's head is in spring, Qixia is in autumn and the shogunate is in winter. In fact, the beauty of Shogun Mountain is distinct in four seasons, but the rivers and cliffs in winter are more artistic against the snow. ...

Today's shogunate mountain is characterized by its proximity to mountains and waters, rich stone scenery, mixed species, changeable mountain terrain and long history. Its interesting rocks (caves, landscapes and rocks), wild interests (undeveloped areas in central and eastern China) and elegant interests (long history and elegant scenery) give visitors a unique feeling. Visitors to Mu Yan Scenic Area can be summarized as "three tours to Shogun Mountain and one tour to Yanziji".

We look at the shogunate, and we look at the mountains in the river. Tourists set sail from the river near Yanziji, put their hands on the south bank to the west and stand with their backs on the deck. They looked at the steep cliffs on the side of the mountain and saw grotesque rocks standing like screens and grotesque rock peaks. People seem to swim in the long scroll of the Chinese painting "The Map of the Yangtze River". Literati and poets must sigh Su Dongpo's "river of no return, a romantic figure through the ages", which can make viewers feel the joys and sorrows of life.

The second is to look at the river on the mountain. Climbing from the east foot of the shogunate to the west, the blue sky and goshawk hover, the flowers and fruits in the forest are fragrant, cicadas sing and insects hiss, the gorge rocks are weird, thorns and trees are everywhere, and herb gatherers often haunt the mountains, with pictographic stone scenes such as Lion Mountain (crossing Lion Mountain), Phoenix, dinosaurs, aliens and two tigers vying for food. At dusk, overlooking the Yangtze River, the sun is soaked, the river surface is like practice, and the sails are from east to west, which can make the viewers relaxed and happy.

Third, look at the caves along the way: Mufu Mountain has been known as a rock mountain since ancient times, with many caves. "Twelve holes in the Yangtze River" is actually a rough figure, and now it has been destroyed by half. After many explorations, the author selected the new "Twelve Holes of the Yangtze River" for your reference (from Yanziji from west to east to Shangyuanmen): Bird's Nest Cave, Toad Cave, Toutai Cave, Shenxian Cave Cave, Xiangbi Cave, Ertai Cave, Santai Cave, Sunyu Cave, Aoyu Cave and Desert Cave. These caves have different scenery and stories, which can feast the eyes of tourists.

If there are more people who are interested in pleasure or like "outing", they might as well look for the ancient tombs of the Six Dynasties, the seasonal wild vegetables when tasting river banks and the Taoist view of worshipping Buddha. All these will make tourists forget to return home with joy. When we "boarded the shogunate" and looked at the Yangtze River from afar, we couldn't help but sigh from the heart-so many beautiful rivers and mountains!

3/ Since ancient times, there have been many caves in the Rocky Mountain-twelve caves in Mufu Mountain.

Due to the geological structure such as limestone and dolomite in Mufu Mountain and its geographical location near the Yangtze River, a 6-kilometer continuous dangerous hanging stone wall and rich karst caves along the river have been formed.

Although there are many caves along the Mufu Mountain ("Twelve caves along the river" is only a part of them), except for three caves, the geological development of Mufu Mountain caves is very incomplete, generally shallow and single-cave-shaped, with at most two or three caves, and stalagmites and stone statues in the caves are not obvious, but because of their number and attached cultural history, the unique landscape of Mufu Mountain area has been formed.

The idea of "Twelve Holes in the Yangtze River" comes from Ruan Zongxuan's travel notes "Swallow Rocks Traveling Along the Cave". According to the article, the famous caves in Mufu Mountain at that time were: Yuan Xian Cave, Shangtai Cave, Tiantai Cave, Zhenwu Cave, Sunyu Cave, Dharma Cave, Monkey Cave, Aoyu Cave, Zhongtai Cave, Shichuang Cave, water curtain cave Cave and Santai Cave.

After hundreds of years of river siltation and human invasion, half of the above-mentioned 12 caves are no longer available for investigation, especially all the historical, natural and cultural landscapes at the southern foot of the mountain are completely gone. Based on the author's many searches, from Dongshou Yanziji to Shangyuanmen, a dozen caves, large and small, are listed, among which 12 cave is listed as a scenic spot for sightseeing or development.

The bird's nest cave in Yanziji. The protruding part in the middle of Yanziji can turn down along the stone road next to the pavilion. It hangs on the rock and naturally becomes a hole, about 20 meters high from the river. There are 3 ~ 4 people in the cave, and there is a huge gap by the river. You can hear the river tide like a drum in the cave, which is very interesting.

Toad Cave in Guanyin Pavilion. Its hole is very small, and it can only be squatted inside by one person. The beauty is that it is on an independent boulder shaped like a toad by the water, and the hole is right in the mouth of the toad.

Toutaidong Built a park, with Toutai Cave, Shenxian Cave and Elephant Trunk Cave.

Ertai Cave is now deserted, and the original temple has long since disappeared, except for a dilapidated pavilion near the entrance.

Santaidong Park has been built. There are three holes in it: the lower hole, the middle hole and the upper hole, from which you can climb high and overlook. There are mountains, rocks, caves, water and "vegetables and sky" in the park.

Sun Yu Cave. At present, the sundries stored in gas stations are all single holes.

Aoyu Cave. Single-point cave with a small ostium beside it, partially buried and abandoned by garbage and silt.

Damodang on the hillside near Gallo Peak, the temple in front of the original cave has collapsed, and the cave is basically intact. Last year, a wandering monk from Baohua Mountain came to live here and promoted Buddhism in the cave.

Straw shoe hole. Unknown foreign vagrants settled here.

Houzidong This hole is in a simple room where an old man lives at the foot of the mountain. There are Buddha statues in the cave, and there are small holes in the big hole.

4/ Win a fisherman's song-Shogun Mountain Poetry

Denglangya city

(Liang) Xu Qinye

If you are poor, you will change your mind, and there are thousands of mountains inside. Climb there and look far away. See you later in Chang 'an. (Note: Langya City is located in the south of Mufu Mountain)

Mu Fu mt

Yang Bei (Northern Song Dynasty)

The Six Dynasties were prosperous for a while, and the trees were far away. Standing by the building, the clouds are like curtains, and it is known as the shogunate mountain.

Mu Fu mt

(Ming) Qiao Yu

There are nymphs in Green River Village, and the autumn of the shogunate is sunny and refreshing. Cangling smoke and haze control the sun, and Zixiao Palace pours silver Tao.

There are beautiful poems everywhere, and the guests are United and noble. Who is the Taoist eye? Laughter is really just a Mao Mao in the sea.

Looking at Mufu Mountain in the distance, there are chants.

(dry dragon stone metaphor)

Crossing the river to see this mountain, I was once a prisoner of weeping. It's a pity that Mao Hong's words are real, so how can he recover China?

5/ Yanziji, the first strange stone in the Yangtze River.

There are hundreds of rocks, large and small, along the 6000km Yangtze River, among which Yanziji in Nanjing is the most exquisite and steep. Since ancient times, Yanziji has attracted many literati and poets with its true mountains and waters. Legend has it that the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang came to Yanziji and wrote heroic poems:

Yanziji Xi is a heavyweight, so what about Changhong? The crescent moon on the horizon is a hook, so how many mountains and rivers I have!

Yanziji is the remnant vein of the shogunate in Shandong Province, with an altitude of 34 meters. Jifengsan faces the river and stands tall. When people overlook the river, or look up from the stone cliff by the river, the stone cliff is absolutely like a swallow: the bird in the middle has a raised stone on its head, the stone walls on the left and right wings flutter forward, and its wing nest is sunken, so it can fly if it wants to.

At present, the main landscapes in Yanziji Park include the Imperial Monument Pavilion, Linjiang Pavilion and Lanlan Pavilion, and the triangular pavilion built behind the mountain for the "9. 18 Incident" of the Ming Dynasty and mourning the Nanjing Massacre. Other attractions include Li Bai's drunken wine bottle stone, Tao Xingzhi's warning sign to discourage suicide, Shangtou's southern patrol trail, famous cliff stone carving, Bird's Nest Cave, century-old sandalwood and so on.