Is the population density high in Shiqian County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province?

Population density: 175 people/km2.

Shiqian County is located in the northeast of Guizhou Province and the southwest of Tongren Prefecture, and is adjacent to 8 counties including Jiangkou, Yinjiang, Sinan, Qing Yu, Fenggang, Zhenyuan and Shibing. The county governs 18 townships, with a total area of 2 173 square kilometers and a total population of 380,300, of which 12 ethnic minorities such as Gelao, Dong, Miao and Tujia account for 62% of the total population. The county's arable land is over 365,438+100,000 mu, and the forest coverage rate is 38%. Shiqian has a long history, and there are many historical and cultural heritages and cultural relics, including the national protection unit Wanshou Palace and other ancient buildings in the Ming Dynasty. There are provincial-level cultural relics protection units, such as Confucian Temple, Taixu Cave and the former site of "Red 26 Army Command".

Shiqian was listed as a famous historical and cultural city in Guizhou in 1992, and was named as an old revolutionary base area in 1998. Shiqian County is rich in resources, especially low-heat mineral springs, and is known as the "spring capital". 1995 is listed as a provincial-level hot spring group scenic spot. Fiona Fang, Foding Mountain, 30 kilometers away from the southern end of the county seat, and Fiona Fang, 45 square kilometers away, has well preserved its original ecological vegetation. It is called Fan Jing's sister mountain, and it is a rare place for scientific research and adventure tourism.

administrative division

Shiqian County governs 7 towns, 2 townships and 9 ethnic townships: Tangshan Town, Benzhuang Town, Baisha Town, Longtang Town, huaqiao town, Wude Town, Zhongba Town, Hebachang Township, Guo Rong Township, Jufeng Gelao Dong Township, Longjing Gelao Dong Township, Dashaba Gelao Dong Township and Fengxiang Dong Township.

national costume

Shiqian is a provincial "historical and cultural city", and the long national costume culture is one of the important contents of "historical and cultural city".

There are 13 ethnic minorities living in Shiqian, including Gelao, Dong and Miao, and the minority population accounts for 62%. In the long-term labor practice, all ethnic groups have merged with each other and created a large number of national costumes and decorations with local characteristics and national charm. In its heyday, handicrafts produced in this county, such as paixu and hanging ears, were sold well in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan 18 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, and exported to Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe.

Why do Shiqian national costumes have such charm?

According to "Shiqian Ethnography", during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, every household in Wan 'an Township, Beita Township (now Tangshan Town) and Longdong Township (now Dashaba Township) in the county had spinning machines, so that women could not only ensure the whole family to wear them, but also get them at the market to exchange money for food. During the Republic of China, sericulture, spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing were more prosperous in the county. More than 800,000 mulberry plants were planted in Shuangshi, outside the east gate of the county town, in the Protestant field, Laojiaochang and Qilingguan outside the south gate. In the Republic of China 15 (1926), a sericulture school was also set up at the Confucian Temple Festival, and more than 50 people were trained every year. Cheng, Zeng and Peng of Xinchang and Xiatun in Beita Township raise silkworms and spin silk. Embroideries produced by 10 families of Gelao and Dong people in Ran, Qiu, Xu and Li counties are not only used in this county, but also exported to Zhenyuan, Shibing, Kaili and other surrounding areas. Handmade white cloth in Wan 'an, Beita, Longdong and Sunjiaping. Besides selling well in this county, it is also sold to Anshun, Qing Yu, Qiannan and other places.

After liberation, Shiqian County Party Committee and government attached great importance to the development of national handicrafts, established Shiqian National Silk Weaving Factory, and purchased production lines with an annual output of 3000 kg, 200,000 m silk and 15000 m silk, mainly producing national costumes such as silk rows and tassels. Since 1962, the products have been in short supply, selling well in Xinjiang, Qinghai and other 18 provinces and regions, and exported to Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and other regions. At that time, the output value had reached 300,000 yuan. 1983, the row of tassels produced in this county was awarded the title of "quality product" by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and the Ministry of Light Industry. From 65438 to 0988, Shiqian National Silk Weaving Factory also participated in the first national advanced commendation meeting organized by the State Council and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission.

Today in the new century, Shiqian County has put forward the goal of building a "park county, a convalescent county and a tourist county", and vigorously explored ethnic and folk culture. With the improvement of rural tourist attractions, such as the Millennium ancient village upstairs, the cultural tourism village of the Gelao nationality in Yaoshang, etc., Shiqian ethnic costumes, such as tube skirts and broken bellies, are gradually coming to the front desk. The tube skirt is the dress of the Gelao women in Shiqian. The coat is short to the waist, and there are scales on the back of the sleeves. The middle part is wool and dyed red. When wearing it, many women also like to wear a blue sleeveless robe on the outer cover. This robe is short at the front and long at the back. When wearing it, wear it under the hood and tie the embroidered waist to form a harmonious and beautiful national costume. Broken belly coat is a double-breasted coat worn by young and middle-aged men of Gelao nationality in summer and autumn. They have no collar, some have 7 to 9 buttons, some have no buttons, and their stomachs are often exposed, so they are called broken stomachs. In addition, ethnic handicrafts such as embroidered insoles, purses, embroidered Chinese-style chest covers, shawls, embroidered aprons, sachets, rows of beards and lifting ears have also become tourist souvenirs that foreign guests are scrambling to buy.

National costumes have gradually become the main window for local residents to display their unique national culture.

Scenic spots/tourist attractions

Yaoshang gelaozu cultural village

Yaoshang Gelao Culture Village is located in Yaoshang Formation, Fo ding cun, Pingshan Township, Shiqian County, Guizhou Province. Cultural Village is located at the foot of Foding Mountain, beside Baoxi River, 38 kilometers away from the county seat, and it takes about 1 hour by car from the county seat. There are 67 Gelao residents living in this village, all of which have two floors. Cantilever is prominent in the front, which is a typical diaojiao building, but it has its own uniqueness. Door high window carving, Liang Huadong, cornice cornice, left and right wings concave. Twelve wooden pillars support the weight of the whole wooden house. Except the ancestral hall, all the buildings are built on the top of the mountain, with exquisite overall structure and strange shape. In the long-term production and life, the Gelao people here follow the customs left by their ancestors and maintain a unique national style. Gelao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well. Every holiday, a bonfire is lit in a pit, and men, women and children gather around the fire to sing and dance. The most important festival of the Gelao people in Yaoshang is the Bird Worship Festival on the first day of the second lunar month. On this day, every household will make Ciba, slaughter pigs, cattle, sheep and horses, and offer sacrifices to the Condor and the Twelve Collectors, praying for the prosperity of the family business and bumper harvests. In addition, there will be unique art programs of this nation, such as Maolong Dance, Nuo Opera, Cao Gong Encouragement, Puppet Show, etc. There is a main street extending to Baoxi Gorge in Yaoshang Gelao Culture Village, which is the main road of ethnic customs area, with unique snacks and commodities of Gelao people. There is a small street leading to the fish pond on the left side of the main street. A few steps ahead, you can see the folk performance field, where all folk activities are held. There is a big tree on the left called Monkey Chestnut Tree, which is very tall. It takes four people to hug each other. The trees are magically covered with dense bluegrass, and bees haunt all the year round! It is regarded as a sacred tree by local residents. The scenic spots are becoming more and more perfect, attracting a large number of foreign tourists to visit.

Loushangguzhai

The ancient village upstairs is located on the Liaoxian River in the southwest of Shiqian County, Guizhou Province, 5 kilometers away from the county seat/kloc-0. It is 9 kilometers away from Guo Rong Town Government and about 45 minutes' drive from Shiqian County. The scenic area is about 4.2 square kilometers. At present, there are 4 villagers' groups, 150 households with 547 people. The villagers are all Dong people. Until now, they still maintain unique national customs, such as singing folk songs, crying for marriage, blowing flute and so on. At present, they have initially formed a set of tourism, vacation, leisure and entertainment as one. The upstairs was not called "upstairs" originally, but "homestead". Because there is a building in a ditch directly above, and the long roadway below is an aisle, it is called "Louxiang". Because "upstairs" and "lane" are homophonic, villagers used to call it "upstairs" over time. The villagers who live upstairs are surnamed Zhou, originally from Fengcheng County, Nanchang District, Jiangxi Province. They have emerged in an endless stream, and by the 19 generation, they have grown to more than 4,000 people. The cultural heritage of the ancient village upstairs is embodied in the word "ancient". There are a large area of ancient trees in the village, which are composed of crape myrtle, osmanthus, red maple and cypress. According to experts' research, this ancient tree is over 300 years old. The strangest thing is that seven maple trees are distributed in the shape of "Beidou", and thousands of white cranes inhabit seven maple trees, while other ancient trees never inhabit white cranes. Zitong Palace and Theater were built on a high slope near the ancient forest. Zitong Palace was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and dedicated to four icons. The theater was built in the late Qing Dynasty and specializes in puppet shows. The ancient village is located in the northeast and southwest, and built on the mountain. Its overall layout is a "longevity"-shaped structure, and all roadways are paved with bluestone. On both sides of the green slate, there are all green tile wooden houses, all of which are buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The wooden windows of every household are carved with exquisite patterns, or plum blossoms, or dragonflies, or butterflies, or magpies, which are rich in profound cultural heritage. There is a terrace in front of the ancient village, and the waves are as flat as a mirror, extending all the way to Liaoxian River. To go to Liaoxian River along the path on Xiaogoukan, you must pass a bridge named Kei Kusunoki Bridge, which was built in the second year of Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty (1629). There are many ancient tombs in the village, and it is worth mentioning Wen's tomb. The ancient village upstairs is the epitome of rural history and culture in China. It has been circulated for hundreds of years and is well preserved, without missing pages, attracting many tourists.

[1] Shiqian, located in the northeast of Guizhou, is rich in geothermal resources because of its peculiar geological structure, with more than 20 hot springs. There is also an underground hot water river and a hot stream, which are called Quandu. Among many hot springs, Shiqian hot spring is the most famous. Shiqian Hot Spring, also known as Chengnan Hot Spring, is located at the foot of the Ming Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty in the county seat, 30 meters away from Ma 'an Rock in the right rock of Longchuan River, and 12 meters higher than the river surface. Spring water gushed from the middle of the foothills, with a water temperature of 47.5℃ and a water output of 45.83 tons/hour. Steaming with steam, the sound of water rushing into the river, the source rolling, sleepless all night, cold and warm blending, waves patting rocks, pearls flying, jade splashing, amazing. Cui Shi, the chief magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, praised: "Siquan is so magical that it sprays water like soup. Warm and moist skin, fragrant clouds. The human heart can remove dirt, and the hot world will be cool. " Only strange guests, the song of the stream is not finished. "Spring water contains a lot of minerals, which can purify the skin and hair after bathing and treat rheumatism and sores." "Shiqian County Records" (Republic of China) contains: "Winter is cold and warm, summer is weak and healthy, night is stable, and fatigue is refreshing. ......

Hot springs are good for people's health There are local myths about the origin of hot springs. Once upon a time, a surveyor drove a fire dragon from Yunnan to Shiqian, where he saw beautiful landscapes and rich products. People are hardworking and thrifty, and they are reluctant to leave. Instead, the fire dragon was placed at the bottom of the river, with its tail in Yunnan and its head in Shiqian, spouting hot springs from the ground to help the people take a bath. Before he died, the surveyor asked him to be buried in the jungle on the mountain north of the hot spring. A three-story stone tower was covered on it, and the fire dragon of Yongzheng was placed under the tower, in order to seek happiness for all the people in Shiqian from generation to generation. The river where the hot springs are located is called Longdi River or Longchuan River. About16th century ago, hot springs were not covered by buildings. People's wells were pools and began to soak in clouds and steaming sunshine. In ancient times, this day was called "hot spring bathing day". Hot springs began to take shape in the winter of the 30th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606), which was founded by Jiang Dakun, a native of Yunnan, as the magistrate of Shiqian, 393 years ago. Since then, after several fund-raising expansions or reconstructions, the officials and people of past dynasties have finally formed a provincial-level scenic spot with perfect facilities and grand specifications, which integrates bathing and sightseeing. According to the records of Guizhou Tongzhi, the big one is like a board house, the small one has a stone gate, and the ring is Tai Chi, which can be accessed. The scene is particularly strange. "1920 built a simple women's pool, including upper, middle and lower pools and Guantang, for bureaucrats and gentlemen to use; It was a pond for men and women, which was dug later. " A monument stands in Guantang Courtyard: "Spring is warm and water is clear, men and women are different, and morality does not exceed leisure." Inscription calligraphy attainments are high, and official script is engraved in Yin, bright and clear.

Guantangshui. From the ground to the sky, from the ancient stone spring, with foam, such as boiling. Ren Yuanmin, a Henan poet in the Qing Dynasty, said: "The flowing water is like boiling soup, Songmingshan _ Tang Fang." The water in the middle pond flows out from the gap in the pond wall and flows into the river through the mother pond. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Erxun, the magistrate, built water conservancy projects and once led spring water to the whole street through a stone trough. Every 10 household is provided with a stone reservoir for fire washing. After Zhao left his post, Qian people felt his virtue and built Zhao Gate in the north of the street to commemorate him. 1936, British missionary R·A· Bosat passed Shiqian and bathed in hot springs with the 26th Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army on the Long March. After returning to China, in the book "Hands of Gods", Shiqian Hot Springs was introduced vividly: "There are three hot springs outside the rock outside Shiqian City. Although the upper one is smaller, the temperature is higher, which is mainly used by officials. The middle one is for ordinary people to take a bath, and the bottom one is for women only. In addition to taking a bath, women also wash clothes inside. "

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the people's government built and expanded hot springs many times and renamed them People's Hot Springs. There are only male ponds and female ponds, regardless of official ponds and private ponds. In addition, water will be diverted to build a new state-run hot spring with male and female baths, hotels, restaurants, teahouses, barbershops and canteens to facilitate travel, accommodation and parking. 1July, 1992, the renovation project of Shiqian Hot Spring broke ground. By the end of 1993, facilities such as promenade, large pool for men and women, small pool and tea room have been built, and the main buildings are located on the east and west sides. Looking from the gate, there are long corridors, gathering pavilions, Wuhou Temple, Taibai Temple, Doumu Pavilion, teahouses, stone pagodas, historical sites and other scenic spots. It is integrated with the foothills of Songming Mountain, Longchuan River and Wenquan Bridge, becoming a bright pearl of Guizhou Plateau and an important tourist attraction on the eastern route of Guizhou. After Shiqian County was declared as a provincial-level cultural city, Shiqian Wenquan Group was also declared as a provincial-level scenic spot.

The development of history

Shiqian, known as the mountain country in ancient times, has a long history and was built earlier. In the 28th year of Ying Zheng in the Qin Dynasty (2 19 BC), Yelang County was located in the west of the county and belonged to Xiangxian County. During the period from Yuan Shizu to the first year (1264- 1294), Shiqian's long-term military and civilian lawsuits were placed in this court. In the 11th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 13), Shiqian House was set up, which governed Longquan County, Sanlong Lawsuit, Shiqian, Miao Min and Zhang Ge Pavilion. In the 16th year of Qing Shunzhi (1659), he still took the above three lawsuits in 1 county (Longquan county). In the second year of Kangxi (1663), Zhang Gege's lawsuit against merchants was abolished. In March of the seventh year of Qianlong (1May 742), Shiqian House was divided into seven Li, namely Yingxianli outside the river, Yingxianli in Hanoi, Shuidongli, Miaominli, Miaobanli in the city and Tommy Tam. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, Shiqian House was in the province and still led Longquan County.

19 1 1 year, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and the Republic of China was founded, initially following the Qing system. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Guizhou set up a viceroy and administrative office, and the army and the people ruled separately. Shiqian changed the government to a county, set up a county government, and the county official called the governor. Longquan county (now Fenggang county) is set up separately. In the fifth year of the Republic of China (19 16), the governor of the county divided the whole county into six districts: urban district, Xiaojigong, Benzhuang, Wangjiazhai, Longdong and Dadang. In the second year, the administrative divisions were adjusted, and the county was divided into 10 districts, that is, Shijiachang, Gerongchang, Baishachang and Longtangchang were added. In the Republic of China 16 (1927), the national government ordered the county government to be changed to the county government, and the county governor called it the county magistrate, and Shiqian county was the second-class county. In 24 years of the Republic of China (1935), the Kuomintang reorganized the Guizhou provincial government and implemented the administrative supervision area, and Shiqian was placed under the Tongren administrative supervision area. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), the administrative area was readjusted, and Shiqian was divided into five districts: Wang Si Temple, Shijiachang, Dadifang, Benzhuangchang and Longdongchang. In 32 years of the Republic of China (1943), Shiqian implemented the new county system and set up the township Jiabao. County * * * is located in 18 township, 164 Bao, 16 18A. 18 townships are: Tangshan Town, Huaqiao Township, Fengxiang Township, Zhong Kui Township, Panyong Township, Longchuan Township, Ganxi Township, Guo Rong Township, Jufeng Township, Le Hui Township, Zhuangle Township, Baisha Township, Daxinxiang Township, Heping Township, Shigu Township, Qingyang Township, Wude Township and Pingshan Township.

1 949 65438+1October1,People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded,165438+1October/5, Shiqian was liberated, and the people of the county were reborn. 1950 On February 8th, Shiqian County People's Government was established. Subsequently, the townships of 18 in the Republic of China were divided into three sub-jurisdictions and district offices were established. In July, Area 3 was changed to Area 6, 1 town. 195 1 February, Tangshan Town was renamed as Chengguan District, and the district office was renamed as District People's Government in the same year. 1953 narrowed the administrative scope of townships and villages, and the county was divided into 80 townships and 1 town, and the district governance remained unchanged. In July 1954, 1, the counties were the first (Longtang), second (Huaqiao), third (Wude), fourth (Zhongba), fifth (Baisha), sixth (Benzhuang) and seventh (Chengguan) district offices respectively. On April 8 1955, the county people's government was called the county people's Committee. In the same month, each district changed its seat to the name of the district office. 1956 1 month, the fifth party congress of Shiqian county in Zhong * * * made a decision to carry out the work of merging townships, and adjusted 82 townships (towns) to 44 townships (1 town). 196 1, the districts were merged, 7 districts were changed into district-level people's communes, and 45 townships were administrative districts. 1962, the recovery area was divided into 6 districts and 27 communes were adjusted. 1963, 7 districts were restored and 27 communes were increased to 43. 1On March 29th, 967, the Cultural Revolution began in Shiqian. On April 2, the "Shiqian County Revolutionary Committee" was established, and "Revolutionary Committees" were established in various districts and communities.

198 1 According to Article 59 of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) adopted by the Fifth People's Congress of People's Republic of China (PRC), the "revolutionary committees" of counties, districts and communes are abolished. The county is called the county people's government, the district is called the district office and the commune is called the management committee. 1984 According to the Opinions of Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People's Government on Implementing the * * * Central the State Council (Notice on Separation of Party and Government and Establishment of Township People's Government), the management committees of 43 communes under the jurisdiction of the county government were changed to Township People's Government, production brigade and production team, administrative villages and villagers' groups accordingly. 1992, the county implemented the work of withdrawing districts and merging townships, and merged into 18 townships (including 9 ethnic townships), namely Longtang Town, Longjing Township, huaqiao town, Pingdichang Township, Shigu Township, Wude Town, Fengxiang Township, Qingyang Township, Zhongba Township and Ganxi Township. In 2004, in order to strengthen regional economic activities and accelerate rural economic growth, the work of withdrawing small villages and merging large villages was implemented, and the original 304 administrative villages were adjusted to 87 administrative villages.

In April of 20021year, Shiqian county was named as the second batch of national "green prevention and control demonstration counties" for crop diseases and insect pests.

In June 2020, 1 1, the list of top 100 tea counties in China was released, and Shiqian County ranked 3 1.

In June 2020, Shiqian County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Second Army)).

From 2065438 to March 2009, Shiqian County was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou regions).

In February of 20 17, Shiqian county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 16.