The visit of Emperor Haotian

According to ancient documents, there was a god named "Lei" in Yu Shun. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty

In the article, the god in the sky is "emperor", or "god". He is the master of nature and the next country, and so is his surroundings.

There are sun, moon, wind, rain and so on. As an envoy. Sacrifice to god to kill or burn prisoners and livestock.

Sacrifice consumes a lot of wealth. In the Zhou Dynasty, the concept of "heaven" gradually replaced what the Yin people called heaven.

"God" and "Emperor". The image of Emperor Tiandi was personified, and King Zhou was called "Emperor Tiandi". week

As the son of the Emperor of Heaven, the king rules the people on the earth, and he will serve the Emperor of Heaven and his father. Sacrifice

Heaven is a ceremony dedicated to the Emperor of Heaven. Since the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, the appellation of heaven and earth has become increasingly complex.

The wrong names are: Emperor, God, Heaven, Imperial Heaven, Haotian, Imperial God, Haotian God and Weidi.

Emperors and so on refer to the personified gods with will.

Originally, there was only one day, but after the popularization of the book of divination in the Han Dynasty, there was a "six days".

Said. It is said that Wei Zi Palace in the sky is the room of the Emperor of Heaven, and Beichen (North Star) is called Yaopo, that is, the sky.

The emperor, a "Tai Yi", is "the most honorable person among the gods". (2) In Taiwei Palace, there are five stars.

That is, the five emperors. The five emperors are the "gods of the five elements", and the emperors and dynasties in the world rotate.

Born by induction, it is also called "feeling the emperor." For example, Yao was born, and the Yellow Emperor gave birth to Shun.

Born, the rest of my life in, soup born in, born in. The emperor offered sacrifices to heaven.

However, it is necessary to offer a sacrifice to your own God.

The main worship ceremony of the Zhou Dynasty was held on the day of winter solstice every year, in the southern suburbs of the capital. "Waqiu Sacrifices to Heaven" and

"Fang Qiu Sacrifice Site" is all in the suburbs, so it is also called "suburban sacrifice". This mound is a circular altar.

The ancients thought that the sky was round, and the circle was the image of the sky, just like the circle. Before the sacrifice, the emperor and the officials all

Fasting and preserving God's sacrifices and sacrificial vessels. On the day of the sacrifice, the emperor led his officials to the suburbs early in the morning. sky

Zi wears a big fur dress with a robe inside (clothes decorated with moon, sun, stars, mountains, dragons and other decorative patterns) and wears it on his head.

Twelve crowns hung in the front and back, and Da Gui stood in the southeast of Qiu Huan, holding the truth and facing west.

At this time, the drums and music were ringing, and the Emperor was reported to enjoy the sacrifice. Then the son of heaven took the sacrifice to the emperor of heaven and killed it.

Murder. These sacrifices were placed on the woodpile together with jade jade, jade hairpin, silk and other sacrifices, and the son of heaven lit the accumulated firewood.

Let the fireworks rise high in the sky and let the emperor smell that smell. This is combustion, also known as "the sacrifice of Y and N".

Then, in the music, the "corpse" was greeted on the mound. The body is decorated by the living, and as the embodiment of the Emperor of Heaven, it represents heaven.

The emperor accepted the sacrifice. The corpse was sitting, with jade jade, tripod, reed and other sacrificial vessels in front of it. this

When the corpse blood is sacrificed first, and then five kinds of wine with different qualities are sacrificed in turn, it is called five qi. First two times

After offering wine, you should offer the whole animal, big soup (gravy) and thick soup (salted vegetable juice). After the fourth wine offering,

Give a millet diet. After the sacrifice, the corpse thanked the sacrifice with three kinds of wine, which was called Qiang. After drinking, the son of heaven danced again

The team danced the Cloud Gate Dance, which is said to be the music and dance of the Yellow Emperor. Finally, worshippers must share the sacrifice.

The wine cellar used is the blessing of the corpse to the emperor and others. Later, it was called "Yi" and later called "Drinking Fu". Tianzihuan

Giving sacrificial meat to court officials is called "giving gifts". Sacrificial ceremonies in later generations are mostly based on the rites in Zhou.

But the body was replaced by a god or a monument.

There is little information about the worship of heaven in Qin dynasty, except that there is a ceremony for three years in a suburb. Qin took October as the first year,

Sacrifice in the suburbs is held in October.

Emperor gaozu's sacrifice to heaven and earth is the responsibility of the temple officials. At the beginning of Emperor Wudi, a ceremony of three years and one suburb was held, that is, the first year sacrifice.

Day, the second year to worship, the third year to worship five temples (five emperors), rotating once every three years. The first year of emperor's founding

In the first 32 years, there were mounds in the south of the old Kunming Canal outside Chang 'an. In the second spring, the first month, Xin Ri (Xin in the first month

Sacrifice to heaven, sacrifice to the five gods. This is the beginning of offering sacrifices to heaven in the southern suburbs of Han Dynasty. The later Han Dynasty built a mound in the south of Luoyang.

The altar is divided into two layers, the upper layer is the place of heaven and earth, and the lower layer is the place of the five emperors. There are two walls outside the altar, called

Do "Wéi"

Some changes have taken place in the system of suburban worship in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. First, although the minority regime adopts the Han system to worship heaven, it

Traditional national etiquette is often mixed with it. Second, there is no need to sacrifice to the ancestral halls in the southern and northern suburbs of the Liang Dynasty.

Eat fruits and vegetables. The third is to build a house outside the ball altar as a place to change clothes and rest. The old system used temporary curtains, and Emperor Wu of the Southern Qi Dynasty

In the second year of Yongming (483), tile houses began to be used.

In the Song Dynasty, after worshipping heaven and earth, an Amnesty ceremony was held at the gate of the imperial city to pardon prisoners. Some other time,

Go to the statue of "Xie En" in Jingling Palace.

The ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven and mountain in Liao Dynasty was held at the same time, in order to offer sacrifices to Mu Ye Mountain where the ancestors of Qidan nationality lived (now

At the intersection of Laoha River and Xilamulun River in northwest Liaoning, there is a place of God and earth. Go to Chu Jin every Friday.

On the fifth day of this month, on the fifteenth day of July, and on the ninth day of September, people worship heaven. Only after Jin Shizong settled down did it have a relatively complete southern suburb.

Sacrificial ceremony on the mountain.

In the early Yuan Dynasty, there was a Mongolian sacrificial ceremony. Xianzong once offered sacrifices to heaven and earth in Sun Moon Mountain.

It was not until the Yuan Dynasty that Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu built this altar 7 miles southeast of the main entrance of Dadu (now Beijing). Cheng zong

Great virtue builds a dome, and the southern suburbs worship the sky.

In the tenth year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1377), we changed the ritual system in Qiu Huan and decided to worship heaven and earth in the southern suburbs in the first month of each year in Meng Chun.

Build a big memorial hall and an altar with a big house. After Ming Chengzu moved to Beijing, he followed the rules of Nanjing in the south of Zhengyangmen.

The Great Sacrifice Hall was built in the 18th year of Yongle (1420), and heaven and earth are integrated. Nine years of Jiajing (1530

In), Sejong changed the system of heaven and earth, and built another mound in the south of the Great Sacrifice Hall.

The Qing dynasty basically followed the Ming system. Shizu (Shunzhi) must be the capital of Beijing, and the construction of the South Temple of Heaven in Zhengyangmen was resumed.

Various supporting buildings were rebuilt after Qianlong and became the ancient buildings of the Temple of Heaven today. It includes

Qiu Qiu, Daxiang Hall, Royal Hall, Forbidden City, Zhai Palace, Jingting, Sacrificial Pavilion, etc. In the Qing dynasty, in addition to offering sacrifices to heaven,

In addition to the Han system, the ceremony of "worshipping the temple" before entering the customs was retained, and it was renamed as "Sacrificial Hall" after entering the customs.