What is the image of Zhang Wuji in Jin Yong's martial arts "Eternal Dragon Slayer"?

1. Childhood education based on Confucianism

Zhang Wuji was born with two genes. His father is a world-famous Zhang Wuxia, a typical decent man, a chivalrous figure and a proud disciple of martial arts master Zhang Sanfeng. He is a great hero who makes the wicked people in the world famous. He was deeply educated in wu-tang clan and influenced by Taoist culture, but he couldn't escape the secular world, which even Zhang Sanfeng didn't deny. He thinks he is dull and inflexible. Zhang Cuishan is warm and affectionate. He is not an authentic Taoist figure, but a secular man with Confucianism as the mainstream. He regained his reputation. After Dou Dajin's family was killed, he chased the murderer in a hurry, just to clarify the facts and save his reputation, and he was afraid to associate with Yin Susu (although he really wanted to associate with her). Seeing Yin Susu behind her daughter, she was afraid to get on the boat, for the sake of the reputation of Wudang Zhang Wuxia. He is a brother. He runs around trying to find out who hurt Dai Yan. His nickname is "iron hook and silver pen", and "hook" and "pen" mainly refer to calligraphy rather than simple weapons. It can be seen that he is the mainstream of Confucianism, and his mother is a "witch girl" who is scheming and unscrupulous to achieve her goal, which makes all heroes in the world have a headache. It is also the daughter of the demon religion that decent people regard as a scourge-the leader of the Sky Hawk and the public leader of Tang Ziwei. Such parents' genes don't have much inheritance for Zhang Wuji, only Zhang Wuxia's chivalrous demeanor and Yin Susu's cleverness. Zhang Wuji's childhood was peaceful, with a chivalrous father, a clever and very kind mother, a well-read and well-known Golden Lion King, and a straightforward "sexual repressor". An adoptive father full of hatred and humanity. On an island of ice and fire; Childhood education is naturally the education and behavior demonstration of these three people, who are naturally full of love, care and mutual understanding. I'm afraid my father won't talk too much about anything except loyalty in the Jianghu. My mother has never had the heart to kill a chicken since she was born, full of love. Since I won't teach him how to harm others, I can at best teach him how to prevent them. Adoptive father is kind to him. Only when he left Binghuo Island, his parents died and his adoptive father left, did he realize this sinister world.

Because of this, his childhood education was mainly Confucian. Father and adoptive father are both mainstream figures of Confucianism. They all hold Confucianism, which Zhang Cuishan has analyzed before, while Xie Xun is proficient in Yi-ology and familiar with poetry books. Both advocate revenge for relatives and friends, which is in line with Confucianism. The Book of Rites Tan Gong records: "Xia Zi asked Confucius:' What is your parents' privacy?' Confucius said,' It is a blessing in the world to be diligent and not be an official'. In case of cities and dynasties, surrender without a fight. "6" Da Dai Private Notes Ceng Zi Yan "also records that" the hatred of parents is different from the hatred of brothers, but it is not equal to the hatred of gathering, the division of friends, the gathering of rural areas, the division of people, and the division of neighbors. " From this, we can see that Zhang Cuishan and Xie Xun are indeed the mainstream figures of Confucianism (Xie Xun later converted to Buddhism). Due to the preference for Confucianism, the chivalrous man in Jin Yong's works has a lot of overlap with the Confucian "gentleman", which is also in line with the concept of "chivalrous man" in the eyes of Chinese people.

2. "Xia" and "Gentleman"

What is a knight? Han Feizi thinks that "chivalry is forbidden by force", and 8 thinks that "people are willing to call chivalry by their ministers". It can be seen that Han Feizi thinks chivalry is a person who has martial arts, ignores law and discipline or runs amok. Sima Qian thinks that "chivalrous man" always keeps his word, and his word will bear fruit. 10, which is consistent with Li Deyu's "chivalrous man is unjust". Both highlight the meaning of "chivalry". Dong Naibin thinks: "Chivalry is a conventional name given to some people by public opinion according to their behavior characteristics" 1 1 The most important behavior characteristic of these people is "righteousness". Talking about justice and loyalty. From this, we can roughly define a behavior category for Xia. A chivalrous man should be eager for public interests and justice, have a sense of justice, attach importance to wealth and justice, pay attention to commitment and morality, have the courage to fight against evil forces, have a strong "altruism" and the principle of being a man, and be able to maintain this behavior with certain skills. This criterion for judging chivalry is undoubtedly based on "righteousness". This is extremely consistent with Confucianism. Confucianism advocates valuing righteousness over profit. What is Confucianism? Confucius said "benevolence" and Mencius said "righteousness". Confucius put forward "the gentleman is superior" 12, "the gentleman is righteous and the villain is beneficial". It can be seen from 13 that in Confucianism, the moral character of a gentleman is close to that of a chivalrous man. A gentleman values faith, preaching and courage. Courage is not a man's courage, but a man's courage. It is to see clearly your thoughts and be ordered by others in a crisis. " 14 "If you don't do what you want, you will be foolhardy." 15 Therefore, a gentleman should act according to justice and be brave enough to fight for it. As a loyal person, a person who values, worships and values righteousness, chivalry is the center. Zhang Wuji can't be a chivalrous man without righteousness. He went to Dadu to save the head of the Sixth Hospital for the sake of the righteousness of the Jianghu. He abandoned his parents' revenge and also included the consideration of the righteousness of the Jianghu. It can be seen that Zhang Wuji, a "chivalrous man", has many characteristics of a Confucian gentleman. Regardless of his interests, he refused to cooperate with the imperial court represented by Ruyangwu, although this might make him lose his favorite Zhao Min (at that time, he did not find that his favorite was Zhao Min). He is indomitable and loyal, and many people's threats and inducements have not made him tell where his adoptive father is. He was appointed as the founder of Zoroastrianism at the moment when he saved Zoroastrianism from being overthrown.

It is precisely because of the many coincidences between "chivalrous man" and "gentleman" that China people worship "chivalrous man". Many people even started a "chivalrous dream". This is a Confucian scholar's worship and pursuit of ideal personality. Pursuing "gentleman" personality is another way. It is also the root of why "Xia" is popular. As a nation deeply influenced by Confucian culture, the influence of Confucianism has long been deeply rooted, and everyone expects "chivalrous" people to set an example and safeguard "gentleman" personality. Many unfavorable factors in reality often make honest and polite literati feel helpless, expect chivalry more strongly, and even fantasize that they have formed chivalry. Defend Confucianism freely. It is precisely because Jin Yong himself is deeply influenced by Confucian culture that his characters have higher requirements for "gentlemen", but with superb martial arts, they are more conducive to exercising their "duties." Carry forward the quality of a gentleman, and such a knight will be more in line with the expectations of the public. Therefore, Guo Jing will become a "chivalrous man" and a "chivalrous man" who serves the country and the people. Although Zhang Wuji was not a "chivalrous man", he never gave up the pursuit of justice. He slept with Chang Yuchun to show that * * * is a friend in need, to save the head of the Sixth Hospital, to be the master of Zoroastrianism, to take care of the sense of justice in the rivers and lakes, and to send Yang Buhui to Kunlun Mountain with a weak body to take care of the belief that "keeping a promise will succeed". I want to forgive Zhou Zhiruo's injury again and again, and there is also a component of "feeding the Han River". But to sign an endless application for the small favor of a beautiful child is suspected of lewdness.

Too much emphasis on righteousness will inevitably hurt the interests of others or groups. People live in groups, and contradictions will inevitably arise between people. Everyone has his own friends and relatives. If it is for friends and relatives, it will inevitably hurt others, even those who have nothing to do with themselves. Fresh in the evil plan, but also have close friends. If these people are also pestering Zhang Wuji for the sake of teacher's righteousness, wouldn't it be troublesome? Xie Xun is even more involved. Zhang Wuji should take care of "the meaning of relatives", and these people should talk about "the meaning of bosom friends". Will the conflict not come? However, Zhang Wuji is no longer a man who only talks about benevolence and righteousness, and his mainstream thought has become Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

3. The conflict between altruism and promotion-Alec Su's Zhang Wuji.

It should be said that Zhang Wuji's greatest feature is not benevolence and righteousness, but the multiplicity of tolerance, compassion and personality. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze "righteousness", because as a "knight-errant", he cannot do without "righteousness". This is closely related to the "multiplicity" of his personality. Zhang Wuji's appearance is different from other chivalrous men in Jin Yong's works. He has more responsibilities. He wants to solve the urgent needs of the six sects and Zoroastrianism, solve the grievances of Xie Xun and many people in the Jianghu, and unite the heroes of the world against the Yuan Dynasty. These tasks are arduous and cannot be accomplished by great martial arts. It is impossible to rely solely on "chivalrous behavior" and "gentleman's personality". Jin Yong probably realized this, and popular novels don't need to delve into the height of my little mind. Let Zhang Wuji have a little thought, and any thought may flash. Put his diverse cultural thoughts into Zhang Wuji's luggage, let him take out what he wants and explain his behavior well. That's not enough. We should use some common methods, let a person who uses "evil" means to deal with evil stand beside him, and make up for the lack of limited behavior by means that many orthodox knights can't use, just as Huang Rong appeared in Guo Jing and Zhao Min. The genius of Jin Yong is that he will never let Zhao Min and Zhang Wuji be childhood friends like many ordinary martial arts writers. He saw a change, a good and evil and Zhou Zhiruo's external good and internal evil. This makes the plot more tortuous and attractive, and the works are more philosophical. Jin Yong dabbled in all kinds of thoughts, mainly reflected in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in his works. Jin Yong himself said that he tried to avoid repeating characters in his creation, so he took a creative route of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Under the guidance of these three thoughts, it is not difficult to find that the legend of condor heroes used to be Confucianism, and the legend of leaning on heaven and killing dragons later became Buddhism. When he arrived at the Duke of Lushan, he had returned to the beginning, so he stopped writing. Yi Tian Slaughter the Dragon is a work from Taoism to Buddhism. Three schools of thought coexist. This leads to the multiplicity and contradiction of Zhang Wuji's character.

Zhang Wuji's Confucian "gentleman" personality has been analyzed before, but this personality has many defects in practice and is too "aboveboard". Will limit a lot of actions, especially for Zhang Wuji, who has to fulfill his responsibilities. At this point, Zhang Wuji and Zhang Cuishan are the same. Both of them should be decent chivalrous men and cannot take any measures that violate chivalry. So I had to let Yin Susu and Zhao Min get rid of this bondage for them. Zhang Cuishan even said to himself when he was competing with Xie Xun, "What do you swear? Give me a silver needle! Send a silver needle quickly! " 16 did Zhang Wuji provoke Zhao Min less when dealing with people like Chen Youliang? Guo Jing had to rely on Huang Rong when commanding Mongolian soldiers to fight. In fact, this just shows the inherent contradiction between Confucianism and chivalrous spirit. They have such a need in their hearts, but they can't do it themselves, so they have to let others do it for them. The difference is that Yang Guo did it himself, because he took Taoism as the mainstream and acted spontaneously. Like Zhou, he dares to show his true self. Wei Xiaobao made it herself. Zhang Wuji can't abandon his "gentleman" personality, but he has to abide by it. Moreover, it is not enough for Zhao Min to help him realize this wish. He must have more complicated ideas, because he must do more things. What happened to him was not just personal.

Zhang Wuji had an extraordinary mind and tolerance from the beginning, and he was detached from it from the beginning. He is compassionate and has a strong Buddhist "altruism". When he told about the tragic changes in his family in Xie Xun, an island of ice and fire, he said, "Really ... can he still live?" When 17 and Zhang Sanfeng went down the mountain for medical treatment, the first thing that came to mind was Yu's injury. Even Zhang Sanfeng secretly admired him. After being stabbed by Zhou Zhiruo, he excused Zhou Zhiruo and thought that Zhou Zhiruo was forced. What a brain it takes. He put people everywhere, even afraid of hurting others' faces in the contest. He learned unparalleled medical skills to relieve people's illnesses. Buddhism advocates moral practice and pays attention to personal contribution to society.

"... proposed to extensively repair four photos, ... the first is to donate widely ... the third is to give fearlessly, mediate the perpetrators, and save the victims from danger, and so on. The second thing to do is to benefit others, advocate always thinking of others everywhere, be enthusiastic about helping others, and do good deeds and practical things for others ... "18 All Zhang Wuji's actions revolve around this doctrine. He acted in righteousness, forgetting personal enmity for righteousness, and did not hesitate to violate the Confucian thought of "revenge of parents, not * * *". Not only did he give up his personal grievances, but he even worked hard for his enemies and went to most places to save them, just for the sake of "Wulin", to take care of the righteous interests of the Jianghu and to fight against Yuan Plan. In order to save the people in from the mire, he fought against the masters of the six sects alone, saved Zoroastrianism, and tried his best to settle the feud between Zoroastrianism and the six sects, or did favors or stopped it. Although he takes care of the righteousness, he doesn't want to hurt others. The tolerant thought makes him look helpless and weak. He is helpless about love, always afraid of hurting others and afraid to confide in any woman. What I said to Li Yin was just to comfort Li Yin, and what I said to Zhou Zhiruo was after I mistakenly thought that Zhao Min had killed Li Yin and engaged Xie Xun. It was not until Zhou Zhiruo pressed him repeatedly that he said that Zhao Min was his favorite. His tolerance and kindness make him look weak and helpless, and his love will only be "the problem of love is just the problem of being loved, not the problem of love" 19 from the beginning. He should not only maintain a "gentleman" personality, but also think of others everywhere and pay attention to "compassion" and "tolerance". We can't put the children's affairs aside like Zhang Sanfeng. There will naturally be conflicts and helplessness. This kind of conflict is also manifested in his career, and it is more obvious. He wants to do great good. Bacon thought that "the definition of goodness is beneficial to human beings". This is consistent with Buddhist teachings. Specifically, the book aims to lead the Jianghu heroes and overthrow the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, which is the Confucian thought of "being an official". This is also in line with the enlightenment of Taoism, that is, "Heaven does more harm than good, while humanity does not, and the damage is not enough", that is, "Heaven is heaven. "This made him fall into the Victoria Valley. He wanted to lead the uprising and kill people, which was in conflict with compassion. On the one hand, the "gentleman" personality and "chivalrous wind" decided that he could not speak insidiously and use tricks, which was in conflict with the emperor, so he had to go all out and was forced to retire quietly. His "chivalrous wind" is very helpless because of the limitation of chivalrous books, especially in the face of sinister and conspiracy, which makes him sometimes try to get rid of it through Taoist thought. However, the flash of Taoist thought is only short-lived. He still has to come out to be "fearless" and "profitable".

Although Jin Yong's analysis and presentation of every thought is not in place, we can see his efforts and exploration. He tried to draw lessons from the strengths of various schools to describe Zhang Wuji, but in the end, he created a character who was helpless, courageous, kind and affectionate, with multiple and complicated personalities. It is precisely because of this mixed combination of ideas that his heart is full of conflicts. Although he fulfilled his mission, he was helpless and lost.