In the eighth year of Xianfeng, Wang Yanyuan, a member of the iron yard beside the pavilion, revolted.

In the eighth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1858), Nanjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was likely to sweep half of the country, and the Chinese people roared back. On June 15th of that year, Wang Yanyuan, a worker in the iron yard of Tingpang Town, and Lai, an Australian worker, rose up. At that time, the rebels led by Lin Daguang and Wang Yixia failed in the battle with the Qing soldiers and retreated to Tongkeng. After uniting with each other, they vowed to fight against the Qing Dynasty in Danqiu Temple next to the pavilion. Danqiu Temple, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, lived far away from the hubbub, lived in seclusion and built a house. It was only 70 years after Wang Yanyuan raised the flag against the Qing Dynasty that the noise and agitation subsided, and Baoding and others launched a peasant riot here that shocked both inside and outside the province.

Wang Yanyuan and other insurgents, headed by Lin Daguang, were known as "the king who shook the world" and paid a visit to Tiechang Beiyuan, posting "For Tatar" and using the people's centuries-old enmity to play the banner of tribal revolution. "In fact, it is the most favorable excuse to call on the people to win the Qing court."

The rebels took Taizhou and Ningbo as their base areas, and attacked Ninghai first because of lack of grain. At the beginning of September, 100 many rebels entered Ninghai City from Yingxunmen and killed Zou Quanjie, the county magistrate. After that, the prison was opened, the grain was released, and the instructions were given to the people. He called the Manchu government a devil, a tiger, a snake and a scorpion, and called Wei Zi Marco Lin, the leader of the rebel army. He vowed that "there are fields to plow together, rice to eat together, rich and poor to rake together, and * * * to enjoy peace". This ideal of great harmony, which demands absolute equality, has existed since ancient times, from Chen Sheng's promise of "never forgetting wealth", to Wang Xiaobo's and Li Shun's advocacy of "being rich in poverty" and to Li Zicheng's declaration of "welcoming the monarch and not eating". In the East, the highest ideal of the traditional peasant revolution is that everyone can "eat meat in large chunks and drink in large bowls" and "farmers have a natural instinct for production". In essence, whether it is a large-scale peasant uprising or a small-scale mob movement such as Wang Yanyuan, its leaders seem to have the ambition to copy the emperor's dream. Once they seized power, they did not change or weaken the autocratic monarchy system in China, but to save and strengthen it and push it to an unprecedented height.

After the Double Ninth Festival, the insurgents recruited soldiers, reorganized their ranks and discussed attacking Taizhou. On the 14th, Wang led more than 500 people to stay in Ninghai, and the rest of the armed forces had 1,650 people, claiming that 3,000 people attacked Taizhou. 16, the siege was launched, and the stones on the city were like rain, so it was impossible to get close to the city and the siege failed. Zhang Yuzao, director of Ningbo Ningshaotai, heard that Lin Daguang and Wang Yanyuan had gone to Taizhou, and quickly led Wang Fulong, a soldier in the war, to take advantage of it and stormed Ninghai County on the 18th. Wang commanded the rebel army to fight hard in the north gate city and was shot to death. Wang Yanbian and Lai Changjiu held fast to the West Gate and repelled Wang Fulong's department and Huangtan, Guanzhuang and other four townships to practice the landlord's armed forces. When Wang Fulong gave birth to a plan, he deliberately left a lot of gold and silver ingots to retreat outside the city. Most of the rebels are refugees, but they don't know there is fraud. They only knew that the enemy had escaped and lost them. They happily opened the gate and went out to rob, only to be ambushed by Wang Fulong and rushed out to attack Simon. Lai Changjiu had to lead the remaining insurgents out of the county seat. Zhang Yuzao entered Ninghai City, raided the rebels, killed more than 100 people, and hung his head at the city gate.

Lin Daguang and Wang Yanyuan couldn't attack Taizhou, and their brothers were slightly damaged. I also heard that Ninghai was besieged, and many rebel families were in Ninghai city, so the morale of the army was shaken and more than 500 people were scattered that night. Lin Daguang had to retreat quietly at dusk on 19, and more than 500 people retreated to Sanmen Laiao and Iron Works that night to build a wooden city.

In the early morning of the 20th, Wu Duanfu arrived in uptown and saw that the rebel barracks at the gate were all empty. Zhang Qian got the news of Ninghai earlier and sent Huang Yiqing and Su to attack the iron yard. The rebels robbed the camp at night, and the Qing army was defeated. Huang Yiqing was forced to take off and the rebel strategist He Da was killed. Wang Yanyuan, Wang Yi and He Bing joined forces and moved to Leo that night.

On 23rd, the Soviet Union, Yi Huang and Qing Dynasty failed to suppress Leo, and the defeated troops fled back to Taizhou. On September 28th, Wu Duanfu personally led troops such as Qian Zongsu to attack Leo again. Wu Duanfu ordered the Qing soldiers to bombard Leo with pigs in front of the mountain. The gunner of the Qing army was Xia Wan Chen Cailong, and his three younger brothers, Cai Hu, Cai Lang and Cai Bao, were all leading figures in the rebel army. So, he deliberately shot without aiming at the target. Lin Daguang, Wang Yanyuan and others. When they were ready, the rebel soldiers split into two roads and ambushed in Xiangyanggang and Ma 'an. As soon as the Qing soldiers were fired, the ambush attacked together and fought separately with Sue. Wu Duan just started to run. Chen Cailong now turned the muzzle and shelled the Qing soldiers. When the Qing soldiers retreated, Wu Duanfu was carried to Kanggu Guangfu Temple, only to be electrocuted. He hung his boots in front of the temple and vowed not to take Lai Ao back.

When Wu Duanfu returned to Taizhou, he called Zou Quanjie's wife, helped him write a petition, and sent someone to escort him to the provincial capital to complain. Governor Luo Daozun wrote a letter for Beijing according to the contents of the letter. It is mentioned in the memorial that Leo is fierce, and here "the boat can split and Kyle can run". Without reinforcements, it is really difficult to wipe out thieves and robbers. In fact, the real situation of the paper written by Wu Duanfu that day is that "the wooden spoon under the bridge can scoop water, and the two people on the bridge can walk in pairs", which is an exaggeration in the memorial. Emperor Xianfeng, who committed suicide with a drunken woman every day, was furious when he heard that. He immediately hugged his beloved princess and criticized Zhu Yi: he helped the Jiangnan camp to suppress it. Zhang Yuliang, the company commander of Chunming, assisted Zhejiang, and together with Yin Liangtai, the magistrate of Zhejiang, pacified Leo, and Zhang Yuliang was stationed in Hangzhou.

1October14th, the Qing army attacked Leo in three ways. 15, Yin Liangtai's pioneer went to Nanxi. 16, Wu Duanfu led the Soviet Union and the recruit "Chao Yong" (commonly known as Guangdong "barefoot soldiers") to form a death squad and stormed Leo from the south road. The rebels in the south attacked Ma 'an, while the rebels in the west fought in Lingtou, Zhoushan for a whole day. 17, Zhang yuzao sent Wang fulong's department and the township group from ludangping to liangyangang, and attacked laiao and xiawan from north road. The mountains behind Leo are all flags of the Qing army. The head of Zhoushanling has been rushed in by cavalry, and the wooden city has been burnt down. The rebels retreated to the village and attacked from a house. The Qing soldiers entered the village and set fire to the house while fighting. At this time, only 62 rebels gathered in the last house of Shangxinyuan. The next day, the Qing soldiers climbed into the running water pit, 17-year-old Lai Changjian was alone at the back door of Xinyuan. Cai Yang's knife in his hand, the Qing soldiers cut one by one. "The blades are all rolled up." On the 3rd1,I saw that the red tassel hat for killing Qing soldiers was beautiful, so I hooked it up and hung it around my waist with a knife. The body filled the wall ditch, and the Qing soldiers behind were afraid to leave. They just stood in the distance and shot with guns, and surrounded the new garden.

Being outnumbered,/kloc-In the early morning of 0/8, Wang Yanyuan and other rebels decided to organize a breakthrough. Lin Daguang, Yihe Wang and others opened the way, while Lai Shenyu and Lai Qinglang broke off. At dawn, the rebel army suddenly broke through the gate and cut a way out with a big knife. More than forty people rushed to the Dayang Bridge, but the wooden bridge was demolished by the Qing soldiers. When Uncle Lai Shenyu and Uncle Lai Qinglang saw the Qing soldiers swarming in, they returned with swords, and the Qing soldiers fired muskets in unison, injuring Uncle Shen Yu. They retreated to the Shangyang Bridge, drew their swords and hanged themselves, showing great bravery. Wang Yanyuan led a few rebels to break through and died in a foreign country. Later, Lin Daguang and Wang Yixia were arrested and killed.

Wu Duanfu set fire to Shangxinyuan, the last house in Lai 'ao Village. Burn the village outside the iron gate when you leave. Leo was indeed shoveled to the ground by Wu Duanfu at that time. Soon, the court ordered that Lai Ao, Lai and Wang Er of Tiechang Village should not take the official examination at any level of the Qing court, nor should they be employed to warn future generations. Even after 70 years, no one took part in the Tingbian Uprising.

The scene of Dan Qiu's gathering righteousness is also tragic, and the implication is also embarrassing. Compared with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the same period, the former's public opinion mobilization was limited to anti-Manchu and anti-Han, while the latter changed the Jesuits to "making gods". Although their ideologies are different, their political slogans are the same. But the leaders of the uprising "only know that there are nationalities, but they don't know that there are civil rights;" They only know that there is a monarch, but they don't know that there is democracy. "They sow wealth and reap the dream of the emperor. Even if it becomes a climate, it will only change from an emperor to a "king of heaven." "

Therefore, in the final analysis, the peasant revolution is nothing more than the restoration of absolute monarchy. The monarchy will be restored when the peasant revolution is successful. Therefore, with the establishment of a new "destiny", the restoration of the old system and the division of new grades, the peasant revolution's demand for wealth and prosperity can only become empty talk. If successful, a series of peasant revolutions will probably evolve into a series of mob movements, which are "mindless anti-thinking, uncultured anti-culture, changing knowledge into destroying knowledge, and moving from destroying people's desires to the extreme expansion of people's desires". What is a revolution? Revolution is to divide people's movable property and eat people's; Revolution means "going straight into people's homes, taking out their foreign gauze dresses and selling them in rotten villages"; Revolution is to bankrupt all families with property and criticize all those who dare to oppose it, "knock them down and set foot on one foot again."

Therefore, this ideal of absolute equality is only an eternal fantasy in the traditional agricultural society. This eternal fantasy tragedy is that it will never come true; The charm of this eternal fantasy lies in its beauty and excitement; The great danger of this eternal fantasy is that once it becomes an ideological weapon, the primitive impulse and religious fanaticism it can induce can just arouse the fierce resistance spirit of traditional farmers and their terrible destructive power, and even open up a brand-new dead end of authoritarian restoration, that is, the full return or regeneration of authoritarian system and authoritarian rule.