What carrots are produced in China? What is the corresponding planting area?

Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, Yunnan and other provinces are the most planted. It covers an area of about 453,000 hectares.

carrot

Carrots (scientific name: Daucus carota? Alfalfa), also known as carrot or Ganxun, is a variety of wild carrot (scientific name: Daucus carota l.var. Carota). The difference between this variety and the original variety is that the root is fleshy, rectangular and conical, thick and fat, red or yellow.

Biennial herb, height15-120cm. The stems are solitary, all with white coarse bristles. Basal leaves membranous, rectangular; The petiole is 3- 12 cm long; Cauline leaves subsessile with leaf sheath. Compound umbel, peduncle 10-55 cm long, with coarse hair; The involucre has many bracts, which are leaflike and pinnately divided; There are many spokes, and as a result, the outer spokes bend inward; Involucral bracts 5-7, linear; Flowers are usually white and sometimes reddish; Petals are unequal in length, 3- 10 mm long. The fruit is ovoid, 3-4 mm long and 2 mm wide, with white bristles on the edge. Flowering period may-July.

China, Sichuan, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Widely planted all over the country. Distributed in Europe and Southeast Asia.

Roots are eaten as vegetables. It also contains vitamins A, B, C and carotene.

morphological character

Biennial herb, height15-120cm. The stems are solitary, all with white coarse bristles.

Basal leaves are membranous, oblong, bipinnately divided, and the last lobe is linear or lanceolate, 2- 15 mm long and 0.5-4 mm wide, sharp and small, smooth or coarse; The petiole is 3- 12 cm long; Cauline leaves subsessile, with leaf sheaths, and the last lobes are small or slender.

Compound umbel, peduncle 10-55 cm long, with coarse hair; Involucre has many bracts, leaflike, pinnately divided, a few undivided, lobes linear, 3-30 mm long; There are many spokes, 2-7.5 cm long, so the outer spokes bend inward; Involucral bracts 5-7, linear, indehiscent or 2-3-lobed, with membranous margin and ciliate; Flowers are usually white and sometimes reddish; Petals are unequal in length, 3- 10 mm long. The fruit is ovoid, 3-4 mm long and 2 mm wide, with white bristles on the edge. Flowering period may-July.

growing environment

Carrots like cold climate, the suitable growth temperature is between 15-25 degrees, and they like strong light and relatively dry air conditions. The soil requires alternating dry and wet, rich in water, loose, transparent and fertile.

It needs a large temperature difference and sufficient and comprehensive nutrients, which is beneficial to the construction of fleshy roots and ensures the high content of carotene and lycopene. Carrots are drought-tolerant, especially at seedling stage, and 30-50% soil moisture can grow normally.

When the soil temperature is stable above 8 degrees (May 10- 15), the seeds can be planted. When the soil temperature is above 15 degrees, the most suitable growth temperature is 23-25 degrees during the day and 12- 15 degrees at night. The large temperature difference determines the high quality of carrots and the increase of sugar content.

Carrots require the soil to have certain morphology, texture and nutrients. In addition, plots with irrigation conditions and convenient transportation are needed. It is not easy to grow carrots in rainy land, corn and flax land with herbicides, and raw wasteland.

distribution range

Carrots are native to West Asia. Afghanistan is the earliest place to grow purple carrots, with a planting history of more than 2,000 years. /kloc-in the 0/0 century, it was introduced to the European continent through Iran and evolved into a short conical orange. /kloc-was cultivated in Britain in the 0/5th century, and/kloc-was introduced to America in the 0/6th century. /kloc-In the 20th century, carrots were introduced to China through Iran. At this time, carrots developed into roots in China, and the Japanese introduced them from China in the16th century. The difference between yellow carrots. Carrots are called yellow radishes and Japanese people call them ginseng. Wusitou Township, chahar right middle banner, Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China mainly produces carrot "grassland ginseng".

principal item

At present, the better carrot varieties are Japanese Kuroda five-inch, improved Kuroda five-inch, Hiroshima, Yingshanhong and Korea five-inch, as well as local carrot varieties such as Xiaodinghong and Zhadihong, which can be planted and selected.

Hun Sen

It is a hybrid variety with thin kernel, good root color and kernel color, sweet taste and good taste. The root shape is a long cylinder. Medium-mature varieties have strong fertility absorption and excellent cold tolerance, and the occurrence of green shoulder is rare; Even if it is harvested in late February-March, the quality is good. Less fibrous roots and very smooth surface.

Japanese hybrid carrot

Good root shape, straight tube shape, good end, not easy to bolting in spring, resistant to root cracking and good field retention; Strong root color, red heart, smooth skin and excellent quality; It can be harvested in 1 10 days after sowing. The root length is 18-20cm, the shoulder width is 5cm, and the weight of a single fruit is about 200g g. Erect plant type, vigorous growth, strong cold tolerance and high resistance to black blight; Strong adaptability, sowing in spring, summer and autumn.

Raise the new black area by five inches.

Strong growth potential, good early growth, strong resistance to hot summer and disease; Good hypertrophy, good root contractility and excellent root shape; The root color is deep red and the root bark is smooth; High-yielding varieties sown in summer and harvested in autumn and winter.

Super red heart f 1

It is a super variety with late bolting, early ending and high three-red rate! Strong growth potential, strong resistance to summer heat and disease; Root round, long cylindrical, root length 18-22cm, single root weight 250-300 g; Good coloring, fast hypertrophy, high commodity rate, growth period of about 100 days, yield of about 5000 kg per mu.

Seoul 6 inches

Fast growth, bright red root bark and core; Strong growth potential, difficult bolting, uniform root shape and good commodity; The growth period is about 100 day, the root type is long and cylindrical, the root length is 18-23cm, the single root weight is about 250g, and the root diameter is 4.0-4.6 cm. Strong disease resistance, high yield varieties, yield of more than 5000 kg per mu.

France Aya

It is an early-maturing variety, with outstanding early maturity, good root type and good heart color! Improve Kuroda five-inch series, large-area high-yield varieties; Harvest 90 days after sowing, with root length19-20cm and shoulder width of 5.5-6cm; ; The root shape is good, the end is tapered, and the root bark is orange; Good heat resistance, resistance to atrophy and leaf spot.

Anh Hong No.2

The first generation of early-maturing hybrid carrots imported from Japan can be harvested 95 days after sowing. Strong bolting resistance, suitable for early spring film mulching sowing. The leaves are upright, suitable for close planting and high yield. Vigorous growth, rapid fleshy root hypertrophy, strong forming and color forming ability at low temperature; The skin, flesh and core are red, with deep color, fast coloring, neat root shape, smooth root skin, good finish and beautiful appearance.

Guan Bao

Imported varieties, with regular root shape, generally about 20-22 cm long and 45 cm thick, neat tail tip, red heart, red flesh and red skin, and small central axis, are suitable for producing and processing carrot juice and carrot granules, resisting drought and summer, and sowing in summer, and belong to high-yield and income-increasing varieties. 65,438+000 days after sowing, the root weight can reach 250-300g.

Hong Xin No.6

Hybrid, the overground part grows strongly but not vigorously, the leaves are dark green, the growth period is 105- 1 10 days, and it has strong bolting resistance, which is suitable for sowing in the open field in most areas of China in spring or overwintering cultivation in small arch sheds in southern areas; The fleshy roots are smooth, neat and columnar; The skin, meat and heart are bright red, the heart column is thin and the taste is good; The fleshy root is 22 cm long and 4 cm thick, the single root weighs about 200 grams, and the output of 667 square meters is about 4000 kilograms. The carotene content is 3-4 times that of the new Heitian five-inch, the total carotene is 140- 170 mg/kg, and the β-carotene content is 100- 120 mg/kg, which is an ideal variety suitable for fresh food processing.

Chunhong 2

The growth period is about 90 days, which is an early-maturing variety; The root shape is neat and columnar, with smooth appearance and bright red skin, flesh and heart. Root length18cm, diameter 5-6cm. It is an early-maturing heat-resistant variety suitable for spring and summer cultivation, with a yield of about 3500-4000 kg in 667 square meters, which is suitable for spring sowing cultivation in most parts of China. The cultivation of spring open field in northern North China can be carried out in early April, and the spring open field in southern North China should be sown in late March.

breeding method

edit

Carrots are mostly propagated by seeds.

Preparation before broadcasting

1. Choose the land with deep soil layer, rich humus and convenient water source, loam or sandy loam, and avoid choosing the land with heavy viscosity and poor drainage. Wheat, corn, beans and beans are the best in the previous crop.

1. After harvesting the crops before soil preparation, plow the soil to a depth of 25-30cm in time. Before ploughing or soil preparation, apply 2,500-3,000 kilograms of decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer per mu to make the fertilizer evenly mixed into the soil. Before sowing, water the bottom soil moisture, carefully rake the ground for 2-3 times, and the rake depth is 15 cm, reaching the six-character standard of "neat, flat, loose, broken, clean and wet".

3. Seed treatment and seed drying 1-2 days before sowing. Soak the seeds in warm water for 3 hours, then put them into clean and moist gauze to accelerate germination, keep the temperature at 20-25℃, and spray water at the right time to keep the seeds moist, and sow when most seeds turn white.

sow seeds

1. When the average temperature on the day of sowing is stable at 65438 03℃, sowing can be started.

The suitable sowing date is the first half of May. The specific sowing date is determined by climate and variety. Early sowing date is easy to improve bolting rate, and late sowing date is not enough, which affects commodity value and yield.

2. Mechanical sowing or artificial ditching sowing.

For large planting area, mechanical sowing should be adopted, and agricultural machinery should be debugged before sowing to ensure uniform sowing. 450-500g seeds per mu, mixed with fine sand or dry sawdust with 5 times the amount of seeds. The row spacing is 25-30 cm, and the sowing depth is 1.50 cm ... After sowing, it is pressed by light machinery. Small-scale planting adopts artificial sowing and ditching at equal intervals. After sowing, cover the seeds with 1.50 cm fine soil and compact them with feet. After sowing, cover the boundary with wheat straw to protect soil moisture. You can also mix Chinese cabbage with oil, which can provide shade for it, and pull out Chinese cabbage after carrots emerge.

cultivation techniques

Land selection

In addition to ensuring no environmental pollution, sandy loam or loam with fertile soil, loose soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, neutral or slightly acidic soil should be selected, and the previous crops should be non-Umbelliferae vegetables, such as early-maturing Chinese cabbage, cucumber, tomato, onion, garlic or wheat. Carrots are root vegetables with deep roots, and the main edible organ is fleshy roots [5]. Therefore, the plot where carrots are planted should be deeply ploughed by 30 cm and raked flat and thin. ; In recent years, the soil with high pesticide residues such as carbofuran is not suitable for the development of export carrot production. Judging from the characteristics and growth conditions of carrot, it belongs to root vegetables, and the size and quality of fleshy roots are closely related to soil texture. Therefore, we should choose to plant on silty loam or sandy loam with high terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer, brittle texture and high organic matter content. For example, when planting in cohesive soil, the amount of farm manure should be increased, or a certain amount of plant ash and rice bran ash should be applied during ploughing.

hand over

The ploughing depth should be controlled at 25-30 cm, and it is best to plough deeply with animal power before winter. Before sowing, combine applying base fertilizer and ploughing again. The dosage of base fertilizer is: 3000 kg of decomposed farm manure, 40-50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. It is required to be evenly buried in the soil layer below 6 cm from the topsoil. The width of the border is 1 10- 130 cm, and the height of the border is 30 cm, which is slightly turtle-backed.

For plots with poor drainage and heavy soil, ridge farming can be carried out. Ridge farming has the following advantages: when it rains, it is beneficial to drain water and reduce humidity, and avoid waterlogging; Increasing soil permeability can make carrots with high quality and high yield and reduce root cracking.

The key points of its cultivation are: first, plough the whole layer according to the depth of 25-30 cm, and then make flat-topped ridges according to the height of 15-20 cm, and the width of the furrow is 20 cm. 2 rows of seeds with a ridge top width of 30 cm and 3 rows of seeds with a ridge top width of 40 cm. Basic fertilizers such as organic fertilizer should be buried under the ridge. After ridging, according to the row spacing of 15 cm, a sowing ditch with a depth of 2 cm was opened at the top of the ridge. Ridge farming is also suitable for paddy field dry farming, that is, using the rich paddy field resources in our city to develop carrot production.

There are many ways to interplant carrots in autumn, such as young trees, young orchards, hanging melon gardens, vineyards, mulberry gardens and so on. In the early stage, tall plants can be used to shade and cool down, which is beneficial to the emergence and neatness of seedlings. As long as there is enough light around the end of September, carrots can also get high yield.

Eradicate weeds

Intercropping seedlings at 4-5 leaf stage, 60 seedlings per square meter (row spacing of drilling 15cm, plant spacing 1 1- 12cm). If there are many monocotyledonous weeds, spraying 20 ml 10.8% cover grass with 20 kg of water per mu can carry out chemical weeding.

Abundant water

After the emergence of carrots, the plastic film is removed, and it is easy to lack water in high temperature and dry weather, which affects the normal growth of seedlings. Water spray (or ditch irrigation) should be used in the morning or evening to moisten the soil, so as to keep the water content and keep the soil at 70% of the maximum water capacity in the field. Combined with four-leaf watering, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is topdressing 15 kg per mu. About 20 days, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 10 kg, 5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and watering at 7-8 leaf stage (mixing water ratio 1: 100-200, i.e. 0.5- 1% concentration); If overgrowth of aboveground parts occurs, only potassium sulfate is topdressing, and paclobutrazol 100 mg/kg (100ppm) is sprayed twice, with an interval of 10 day. September is a period of frequent typhoons. In case of rainstorm, ditch and drain in time to prevent water accumulation.

The fertilizer elements required for carrots mainly include macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), medium elements (calcium and silicon) and trace elements (boron, zinc, molybdenum, magnesium, manganese and iron).

Nitrogen fertilizer is the main tissue that constitutes the body, including leaves, stems and fleshy roots. Phosphorus is the driving force of rooting and the element of anther flower organ differentiation; Potassium is a nutrient transport carrier and a component of fiber tissue, which interacts with and controls the absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer. Calcium is the main component of cell wall, and silicon controls the arrangement order of cells, mainly in the smoothness of the surface. Boron is an important element to control cell division, promote calcium absorption and prevent bifurcation and cracking. Zinc is the main component of antiviral enzyme in radish, which can improve the resistance to virus. Molybdenum is the source of overall resistance and absorption capacity, which must be supplemented after years of cultivation, otherwise continuous cropping obstacles will occur seriously; Magnesium, manganese and iron are the main components of chlorophyll. If they are not supplemented in time, the photosynthesis of leaves will be reduced and it will be difficult to form a bumper harvest.

earth up

Carrots for fresh-keeping export should have the same skin color, and there should be no "green head". Punching should be adopted to facilitate soil cultivation during the fleshy root expansion period.

catch

When the heart leaves of most plants turn yellow-green, and the outer leaves turn Huang Shi, they have reached the physiological maturity, and they are harvested manually or mechanically. Cut off the green head, scrape off the soil gently, select carrots with no fork, cracked roots, pests and diseases, and a single weight of more than 70g, and pack them for sale.

store

Carrots are perishable and seasonal, so good storage methods or utilization methods are urgently needed to maximize their value. Storage methods include trench storage and cellar storage, and kiln storage is mostly used in production at present. The pit depth should be greater than the frozen soil depth, generally 2m deep, 3m wide and unlimited in length. The pit cover is made of straw or wood and covered with 40 cm thick soil. Bagged carrots are packed in long piles, with a height of 1 m and a pit cover. Leave a vent. The temperature in the cellar is 1-3℃ and the humidity is 95%. Sell it when it's frozen in spring.