What magnificent palaces did Qin Shihuang build? Why build so many palaces?

In China's unified dynasties, such as Qin, Han, Sui, Tang and so on, there were always one or two emperors who were ke

What magnificent palaces did Qin Shihuang build? Why build so many palaces?

In China's unified dynasties, such as Qin, Han, Sui, Tang and so on, there were always one or two emperors who were keen on large-scale construction. It seems that if they don't do this, they won't show the strength of their imperial power and the prosperity of the country. As an emperor through the ages, even if he is not the initiator of this bad tradition, he can be called a practitioner of this tradition.

The first emperor built large-scale buildings, mainly in two aspects: one was to build a large-scale palace garden, and the other was to build an unprecedented tomb of Mount Li.

Since Qin Xiaogong moved the capital to Xianyang, the national strength of Qin has been rising. With the strength of the country, successive monarchs continued to repair and expand the palaces in Xianyang. Six generations of monarchs before the first emperor all carried out this kind of construction, and the grandeur of Xianyang Palace was the highest among the six countries. But Ying Zheng was not satisfied with this and continued to build palaces on a large scale.

According to historical records, every time Qin conquered a country, the first emperor ordered people to "paint its palace", and then copied the distinctive "Six Kingdoms Palace" on the north bank of Weishui. Some of these palaces are named after country names, such as Chu Palace and Wei Palace, and some are named after place names, such as Jique Palace and Xianyang Palace.

After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, the first emperor seemed to be wanting more and continued to build palaces on a large scale. In 220 BC, the first emperor who had just completed reunification was in high spirits. When he returned from his first trip to Longxi, he ordered, "I believe in the Palace in Weinan, but it is like a celestial pole. Since the temple road leads to Mount Li, it is the front hall of Ganquan. Building a tunnel belongs to Xianyang. " The core of this complex should be the polar temple. Polar Temple, also known as Taiji Temple, symbolizes the North Star in the sky. In ancient times, Polaris was regarded as the center of the stars, motionless, and all the stars revolved around it. Therefore, Polaris is regarded as the "Palace of Emperor Wei Zi", which symbolizes that the emperor is at the core of the world and is the noblest.

But this is only the beginning of the great construction of the first emperor. Next, the first emperor repaired the equator, the Great Wall and the Lingqu, all of which were large-scale engineering construction. These projects cost a lot, but they are beneficial to present and future generations. However, there are two huge projects that can be said to be harmful. They are the famous Epang Palace and the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang.

Most people's understanding of Epang Palace began with Du Mu's Epang Palace Fu. Du Mu wrote in this article:

"Six kings finish, all over the world, shushan Uighur, o well. Overpressure exceeds 300 miles, isolated from the sun. Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Hold the terrain, intrigue. Vegetables, ripples, honeycomb water vortex, I wonder if it will fall by tens of millions. What is a cloudless dragon lying on a long bridge? After the road is empty, don't blame Eric? High and low, I don't know the west and the east. Singing warm, spring is harmonious; Ballroom cold sleeves, wind and rain sad. Within one day, the climate is uneven between the palaces. "

From this literary description in one go, we can imagine the huge consumption, exquisite architecture and majestic momentum of Epang Palace.

The construction of Epang Palace began in the later years of Qin Shihuang. In the thirty-fifth year of the first emperor, that is, 2 12 BC, the first emperor felt that there were too many people in Xianyang and the palace was too small, so he recruited hundreds of thousands of people to build a palace on a large scale on the south bank of Weishui. According to historical records: "The first emperor was young in the palace and went to Shanglinyuan in Weinan. Make a front hall and a room first, 500 steps from east to west and 50 feet from north to south. Ten thousand people can sit on the floor, and a 50-foot flag can stand on the ground. Zhou Chi is the pavilion road, from your highness to Nanshan, and the top of the mountain is the gateway. After crossing the Weihe River, it belongs to Xianyang. Count three hundred palaces, curtains and bells, beautiful women are full, and the ministries are not moving. "

It can be seen that in order to build Epang Palace, it is really "Shushan is right, Afangshan is out". Epang Palace uses not only Sichuan materials, but also stones from Beishan and wood from Chu, which shows its exquisite materials and luxurious engineering.

This huge, complex and exquisite grand project began in the thirty-five years of the first emperor and was not completed until his death. After the death of Qin Shihuang, Epang Palace was suspended for a time in order to speed up the construction of Lishan Mausoleum for him. After the first emperor was buried, work resumed here. But until the demise of the Qin Dynasty, this huge palace was not completely built, only an anteroom was built. Because its location is called Epang Palace, this palace was named Epang Palace. Originally, Qin Ershi planned to rename the palace after its completion, but the Qin Dynasty soon perished, and he didn't have the chance.

After more than 2,000 years of ups and downs, there is only one rammed earth site in Afang Palace, which is about 2,500 meters long from east to west and 1 1,000 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of over 2 million square meters. We can only imagine the grandeur of Epang Palace from Du Mu's Fu on Epang Palace.

The reason why the first emperor spent huge financial, material and human resources on large-scale construction had its purpose. Let's take a look at the large-scale construction in the early Han Dynasty.

Spring, February, all the way to Chang 'an. When Xiao He ruled Weiyang Palace, he was very angry when he saw its magnificence. He said, "The world belongs to Hungarians, and it is hard to know whether it will succeed. What is the reason for managing too many palaces! " He Yue said, "The world is uncertain, which can make him enter the palace. Moreover, it is not magnificent for the husband and son of heaven to take the four seas as their home, and there is nothing to add to future generations. " It says.

This passage is from Historical Records, which means that Liu Bang was in a good mood when he settled the world and returned to Chang 'an. But when he arrived at Weiyang Palace and saw that Weiyang Palace was so grand, he blamed Xiao He, who was in charge of this matter: "The world has never been peaceful, and the people have had enough. Now that peace is at last, our regime is still unstable. It's too much for you to engage in such a project that wastes people and money! "

However, Xiao He did not apologize with trepidation, but gave Liu an explanation: "The people of the world are undecided, which is the reason for building a magnificent palace. The son of heaven is always at home in the world. How can he conquer the world without a magnificent palace? So, it's better to fix it now, so that people can know who is the only thrill, which is precisely to maintain stability! What's more, it can be repaired in one step now, and it can also prohibit future generations from expanding and causing public grievances. "

After listening to Xiao He's explanation, Liu Bang thought it was a good thing to kill two birds with one stone, so he turned his anger into joy.

Like the early Han Dynasty, the first emperor built a palace with the intention of conquering the world. The tall, majestic and solemn palace helps to show the authority and inviolable momentum of the emperor. When Jing Ke stabbed Qin, Qin Wuyang was frightened by Qin Gong's imposing manner, which shows that the solemn imposing manner really helps to improve the dignity of the son of heaven. In addition to offering sacrifices and showing off, the first emperor also built a polar temple for this purpose.

In addition to shocking the world, the first emperor's palace building was also caused by his own selfish desires and personal psychology of seeking immortality. The palace complex in Qin Dynasty was not only a collection of the highest technology at that time, but also a collection of rare treasures from all over the world for the appreciation of the first emperor, so this complex was also a large museum. After the first emperor was obsessed with fairies, he claimed to be a real person. In order to hide his whereabouts, he ordered: "Within 200 miles of Fiona Fang in Xianyang, there are 270 cloisters connected to the Palace Temple, and the curtains, bells and drums are filled by beautiful women, and the ministries do not move. Fortunately, anyone who says anything will die. "

Therefore, some palace buildings built by the first emperor were for seeking immortality and medicine, all to satisfy personal desires and were of no benefit to the country.

In addition, with the palace, the first emperor also overhauled the garden pool. "Wei River has a long pool, 200 miles from east to west and 30 miles from north to south", "Guangqi Palace, with a scale of more than 300 miles, goes out of the palace and out of the pavilion" and "Mi Mountain crosses the valley" ... indicating that the top of Nanshan is a que, and Fan Chuan is a pool.

The existing garden swimming pool is quite large. It is recorded in the "Prevention Law": "Fushan, a forbidden park in the county, is a distant mountain, and its soil is poor and it cannot rain. If summer is not good, don't make up for it a little. If it doesn't rain in autumn, it will be embarrassing. " These royal forbidden gardens contain mountains, which can only be repaired by corvees. The scale can be imagined. However, the first emperor was still not satisfied with this. "He wants to have a big garden in the east, Hanguguan in the east and Yong and Chencang in the west", which shows his greed and luxury.