2020- 10-06 Lianping County

Lianping County is located in the north of Guangdong Province, adjacent to Quannan and longnan county in Jiangxi Province. It is the first county where National Highway 105 entered Guangdong.

In the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1634), Li Anping State was established, which governed Heping and Heyuan counties. In the third year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 19 1 1), the state was changed to a county, and Huiyang area was abolished in June of 1988, and Heyuan City and Li Anping were established. It governs 13 towns, 159 village committees and 16 neighborhood committees, and the county government is located in Yuanshan Town.

Li Anping is "first-class environment, first-class forest and first-class water quality". It is an "ecological county in Guangdong Province" and a "national ecological construction demonstration zone", with a good ecological environment and rich tourism resources. Here, "there are no mountains and no green, the water is clear, the four seasons are fragrant, and the birds and flowers are fragrant." It is a magical landscape painting, a dreamy Shangri-La and an attractive tourist attraction. There are Niutou Stone, the highest peak in northeast Guangdong, the famous Shang Ping Taoyuan, the natural carved sacred stone, the passionate drifting new river, and the faithful lanterns with rich customs, which constitute the Jiulianshan ecological leisure tourism resort with its own characteristics. The "Old Eight Scenes of Li Anping" are the remains of Xishan Waterfall, the sacred trace Cangyan, Danzao Qiusong, Grossongcui, South Tower Leaf Strips, Longtan Spray Rain, Wufeng Chai Ming and Xianta. There are Xishan Waterfall, Cangyan, Longtan Spray Rain, Grossongcui and Wufeng firewood singing. The "Eight New Scenes of Li Anping" are the sacred site Cangyan, the pioneer of cattle, the Yinmeilingfeng, the Xishan Waterfall, the new river Fanqing, the Shang Ping Taoyuan, the Wulang Songcui and the Six Ancestors Zen.

Lianping County has successively won the National Ecological Demonstration Zone, China Livable and Suitable Industry Demonstration County, National Advanced County for Comprehensive Environmental Improvement, National Civilized County, China Yingzuitao Township, the Second National Demonstration County for Land and Resources Conservation and Intensive, Guangdong Health Town, Guangdong Ecological County, Guangdong Double Support Model County and Guangdong Civilized County.

Li Anping is a fast-developing late-developing area with perfect infrastructure and high-quality industrial development platform. Having "one park and two villages" is a new hot spot for investment and development.

Lianping County is located in the north of Guangdong Province, the northwest of Heyuan City and the upper reaches of Dongjiang River Basin. Peace county in the east, Dongyuan County and Xinfeng County in the south, wengyuan county in the west and Longnan and quannan county in Jiangxi Province in the north. It is located at11414 ′ 44 ″ ~14 56 ′ 51″ and 24 05 ′ 48 ″ ~ 24 28 ′ 08 ″ north latitude. The county is about 72.4 kilometers long from east to west and 55.6 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 2,275.08 square kilometers. The county seat is 217km away from Guangzhou, the provincial capital, and 0/00km away from Heyuan. National Highway G 105, Daguang Expressway, Shankun Expressway, Wushen Expressway, Guangdong-Jiangxi Expressway, Provincial Highway S34 1 Dengguan Line and S230 Zhong Ding Line run through the territory, namely National Highway G 105 and Daguang Expressway respectively.

Lianping County is located in Jiulian Mountain area in northern Guangdong, with complex terrain and continuous hills. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, high in the west and low in the east. Jiulian Mountains extend from north to west and southwest respectively, with an average elevation of 693.5 meters. Two major water systems (Dongjiang River System and Beijiang River System) and six major rivers (Li Anping River, Daxi River, Zhongxinhe River, Hudahe River, Beitou River and Guidong River) cross the whole territory. Most of the northern and central parts are low mountains, most of the southwestern parts are hilly areas, and the southeastern part is dominated by valley basins. Mountains, hills and basins account for more than 90% of the county's total area and are typical mountain counties.

According to the morphological characteristics of landforms, the landforms in the county can be roughly divided into northern and central mountainous areas, southwestern hilly areas and southeastern valley basin areas, Bitou and Neiwan karst topographic areas.

According to the textual research of unearthed cultural relics, Lianping County was inhabited as early as the Neolithic Age. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC ~ 2265438 BC+0 BC), it was even more famous. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 years ago), it belonged to Nanhai County, namely Longchuan County. In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), it even belonged to South Vietnam. From the sixth year of Emperor Ding Yuan (1 1 1) to the Three Kingdoms period, Li Anping belonged to Longchuan County in Nanhai County and Mianyang County in Guiyang County. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Li Anping belonged to Dongguan County. In the Southern Dynasties, from the second year of the establishment of Qigaodi to the twelfth year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (480 ~ 15 17), Li Anping successively belonged to Heyuan County, mian yang County, Longchuan County, Zhou Xun County and wengyuan county Land. From the 13th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty to the 6th year of Chongzhen (15 18 ~ 1633), Li Anping belonged to Heyuan, Wengyuan, Changning (Xinfeng) and Heping County.

In the seventh year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1634), he was ordered to cut the maps of peace county and Hua Hui in Huizhou Prefecture, Zhongyi in Heyuan County, Changji in Changning (Xinfeng) County, wengyuan county and Tao Dong in Shaozhou Prefecture and Yinmei (later called Yinmei Map), and set up Li Anping State. The government is located in Yuanshan town, which governs Heping and Heyuan counties and belongs to Huizhou government. This is the beginning of county-level decentralization.

During the Qing and Ming Dynasties, Lian Ping still established a state, but there was no county.

In the third year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), in September, Li Anping changed its state to a county, belonging to Huizhou prefecture, which administered four maps: Hua Hui map, Yinmei map, Changji map and Zhongyi map.

In June of the 3rd year of the Republic of China, a Taoist system, even a tidal Taoist system, was established between provinces and counties. In the 7th year of the Republic of China, there were four districts in the county: Hua Hui District (1 district), Yinmei District (2 district), Changji District (3 district) and Zhongxin District (4 district). /kloc-in 0/4, there were administrative districts between provinces and counties, even belonging to Dongjiang administrative district. From 15 to 17, Li Anping governs five districts: Hua Hui (1 district), Shang Ping (district 2), Changji (district 3), Zhongxin (district 4) and Yinmei (district 5). In September, 2005, Guangdong Province established the Office of the Administrative Inspector, which belongs to the sixth district (address: Shaoguan). In 36 years, Li Anping became the seventh district (location: Xingning).

1949 (thirty-eight years of the Republic of China) On June 2nd, Lianping County People's Government was established in CITIC Changan Hotel. On June 25th, the county people's government moved to Yuanshan Town.

1 949101October1,People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, even belonging to Dongjiang region (address: Huizhou). 1952 changed to northern Guangdong administrative region (address: Shaoguan). 1956, changed to Huiyang area.

1958165438+10, Li Anping and Heping counties merged and were still called Lianping county, belonging to Shaoguan area. 1959165438+1October, Beitou (including Guidong) was placed under wengyuan county. 1April, 960, Longjie was assigned to Xinfeng County. In early July, Hua Hui and Shang Ping were assigned to Xinfeng County. Lianping County Party Committee and County People's Committee moved to Heping Yangming Town for office, and Lianping County was renamed peace county, belonging to Shaoguan District. 1June, 962, the commune (town) originally allocated to Xinfeng and Heping counties was returned to Li Anping, and the organizational system of Lianping County was restored, still belonging to Shaoguan area, and the county people's committee was located in Yuanshan Town. 1June, 963, changed to Huiyang District. 1June, 967, Beitou was transferred from Wengyuan to Lianping County. Since then, the original Lianping County has been restored.

1983 winter, community zoning (town). /kloc-in the spring of 0/987, the township (town) was built from the district. 1988 1, Heyuan city was established and Li Anping was changed to Heyuan city.

Since 20 15, Lianping County has governed 13 towns (Shang Ping, Neiwan, Yuanshan, Beitou, Xishan, Longjie, Tianyuan, Youxi, Zhongxin, Gaowan, Hu Da, Sanjiao and Xiusatin) and 16 communities./

land resources

According to the investigation of land use change in Lianping County, the total land area of the county is 3412614.15 mu, including 3224098.5 mu of collective land and 0/88515.65 mu of state-owned land. Cultivated land area is 30679 1. 1 mu, garden land is 68364.45 mu, woodland is 2744282. 1 mu, grassland is 605 19.75 mu, urban and rural land is 76088.85 mu, and traffic land is 30439.5 mu.

Water energy resources

There are 68 large and small rivers in China, among which 8 rivers (Li Anping River, Daxi River, Shuangtou River, Zhongxinhe River, Hudahe River, Gaopi River, Beitou River and Guidong River in Dongjiang River system) have rainwater harvesting areas exceeding 100 square kilometers. The average total water resources for many years is 2010.50 billion cubic meters, and the per capita water resources are 5739 cubic meters. Theoretical reserves of hydraulic resources 155 1 10,000 kilowatts, exploitable amount10/10,000 kilowatts.

mineral resources

Lianping County is rich in mineral resources, including coal, iron, copper, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten, gold, silver, phosphorus, graphite, clay, rare earth, clay, marble, silica, dolomite, limestone, basalt, diabase and granite. It is a county with rich reserves of ferrous and nonferrous metals in Guangdong Province, and is known as "rare earth"

Wild animal resources

There are many kinds of wild animals in the county, which are widely distributed. According to the investigation of county forestry bureau, there are mainly more than 20 species of amphibians and reptiles, more than 20 species of mammals, more than 50 species of birds and more than 0/00 species of insects in the county.

Mammals: There are more than 50 species, including wolves, jackals, wild boar, foxes, otters, porcupines, civets, rabbits, rats, weasels, pangolins, civets, badgers, bison, yellow deer, mountain deer, red deer, goats, civets, Su Menling and bats.

Poultry: pheasant, pheasant, bamboo chicken, turtledove, partridge, wild pigeon, water duck, swallow, crow, goose, eagle, sparrow, vegetable finch, silver pheasant, thrush, oriole, woodpecker, cuckoo, verdant, emerald, white labor, etc.

Fish: mandarin fish, herring, silver carp, carp, crucian carp, Monopterus albus, loach, osmanthus fish, seven-star fish, pond fish, goldfish, bighead carp, catfish, herring, eel, red carp, herring and so on.

Crustaceans: mussels, shrimps, crabs, snails, snails, clams, etc.

Amphibians: frogs, toads, Shi Wa, plowshare frogs, giant salamanders, etc.

Reptiles: bamboo snake, golden ring snake, silver ring snake, cobra, southern snake, mud snake, rice shovel snake, mountain wind, grass snake, hundred-step snake, three snakes, tree-climbing snake, lizard, gecko, turtle and turtle fish. Annelids include earthworms and leeches.

Insects: silkworm, bee, spider, cricket, louse, cicada, firefly, mantis, mosquito, dragonfly, flea, grasshopper, yellow ant, black ant, centipede, bedbug, ladybug, butterfly, lac insect and scorpion.

Wild plant resources

Li Anping is one of the major forestry counties in Guangdong Province, with vast mountainous areas, mild climate and abundant rainfall, which is suitable for plant growth. According to sample survey and specimen collection, there are main wild plants 1368 species in the county, including 8 species of bryophytes, 7 species of pteridophytes12/kloc-0, belonging to 152 family, 6 17 genus and angiosperms/kloc.

Trees: Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum camphora, Machilus thunbergii, Huang Nan, Litsea cubeba, Hovenia dulcis, Zizyphus jujuba, Shuke, Bamboo cypress, Michelia, Betula luminifera, Maple, Citron, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Bambusa, Chimonanthus praecox, thyme and citrus. Rare plants discovered in recent years include Ginkgo biloba, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Cymbidium, Ficus, etc. Eucalyptus was introduced as a new tree species in the late 1950s.

Bamboo: mainly includes Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens and so on.

Medicinal plants: Ganoderma lucidum, rock flower, Poria cocos, Lycopodium japonicum, Equisetum equisetum, Haijinhe, Rhizoma Cibotii, Bupleuri Radix, Pteris semipinnata, Rhizoma Osmundae, Rhizoma Drynariae, Folium Pyrrosiae, Coicis Semen, Bamboo Leaves, Rhizoma Phragmitis, Rhizoma Acori Graminei, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Juncus Junci, Radix Asparagi and Wild Lily. Jiujiecha, Jiangjunmu, Finger Peach, Bamboo Parasite, Maple Parasite, Clematis, Bamboo shavings, Achyranthes bidentata, Akebia Akebia, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Lobelia Chinensis, Caulis Sargentodoxae, Mahonia, Baiyao, Weigoufeng, Hei Hu, Cinnamomum cassia, Morinda officinalis, Tulip, Agrimonia pilosa, Pumpkin, and Flemingia philippinensis. Motherwort, Prunella Spica, Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Scutellaria barbata, Asiatic Herb, Radix Rehmanniae, Lycium barbarum, Musk, Scrophularia, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Andrographis paniculata, Plantago asiatica, Rose, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Siraitia grosvenorii, Chrysanthemum, Taraxacum, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Eclipta, Caulis Sargentodoxa, Rhizoma Cyperi, Sophorae Tonkinensis, Rosa laevigata,

Flowers: Chinese rose, rose, osmanthus fragrans, cymbidium, oleander, rhododendron, plum blossom, bauhinia, cordate telosma, evergreen, nanmu, chrysanthemum, orchid, dahlia, canna, asparagus, betel nut, anemone, hibiscus mutabilis, jasmine and cockscomb. Impatiens, Yingchun, Yanlaihong, Yingshanhong, Jiuli Fish, Cactus, Cycas, Camellia, Chimonanthus praecox, Hosta, Jinping, Pearl River Peach, Peach Blossom, Green Calyx, Daphne, Petunia, Lotus, Dandelion, Chicken Flower, Narcissus, Poinsettia, Chlorophytum and so on.

Lianping County is located in Jiulian Mountain area in northern Guangdong, with complex terrain and large fluctuation, and the terrain is inclined from north to southeast and southwest, with an average elevation of 693.5 meters. Jiulian Mountains extend from the north to the west and southwest respectively. Two major water systems (Dongjiang River System and Beijiang River System) and six major rivers (Li Anping River, Daxi River, Zhongxinhe River, Hudahe River, Beitou River and Guidong River) run through the whole territory, with middle and low mountains in the north and middle, hilly areas in the southwest and valley basins in the southeast.

According to the morphological characteristics of landforms, the landforms in the county can be roughly divided into northern and central mountainous areas, southwestern hilly areas and southeastern plate areas, as well as Bitou and Neiwan karst topographic areas.

Northern and central mountainous areas

The area borders Jiangxi Province in the north and peace county in the east, including Shang Ping Town and some towns, such as Beitou, Neiwan, Xishan, Tianyuan, Youxi and Gaowan. Rock composition mainly includes sand shale, granite, conglomerate, schist and limestone. This area has loose soil, deep soil layer and abundant nutrients, which is suitable for forest and grass growth. It is the main pastoral area and timber forest area in the county. The terrain in the area is mostly low and medium mountains, and the mountains are undulating. Zhongshan is high and steep, with a slope of 30-50 degrees and a maximum slope of 60-65 degrees. Most of the peaks are above 900 meters above sea level, and there are 79 peaks with an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level, of which the peak of Huangniushi is 1.430 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the county. The low mountain is gentle, with a slope of 30 ~ 40 degrees, the lowest 10 degrees, and an altitude of about 300 ~ 500m. Most gullies are deeply cut, V-shaped gullies are developed, and streams are sandwiched between mountains, but the flow is not large.

The mountain range in the area is a section of Jiulian Mountain range, which can be divided into two mountain systems: Niushi and Fengdie.

Niushi Mountain system starts from the junction of Guangdong and Jiangxi in the north of the county, and the top of Niushi Mountain is1430m above sea level. Generally, the mountain range is 900 ~ 1 100 meters above sea level, with a slope of 30 ~ 40 degrees, extending westward. The main peaks above 1000 meters above sea level are, from north to south, Xianrenzhang, with an altitude of 1036 meters, which is the boundary mountain with Jiangxi Province; Dashanwei, at an altitude of1084m, is the boundary mountain of Yuanshan, Longjie and Beitou Town; Laohu 'ao, at an altitude of 1022 meters, is the boundary mountain between Longjie Town and Beitou Town; Leigong Cave, at an altitude of 12 19 meters, is the boundary mountain between Lianping County and Xinfeng County; Shiyatou, at an altitude of1283m, is located in Xishan Town; Henibu, at an altitude of1233m, is located at the junction of Xishan Town and Zengba Village of Yuanshan Town.

Wind-blown Butterfly Mountain, also known as Shuangfeng Mountain, is located in the northeast of the county seat and is the boundary mountain between Lianping County and peace county. Elevation of main peak1272m. The mountain system is generally 900 ~ 1000m above sea level with a slope of 30 ~ 50 degrees. The maximum slope is 60 ~ 65 degrees, and the minimum slope is 10 degrees, which is quite different. The whole mountain range extends from northeast to southwest, and the main peaks above 1000 meters from north to south are: Sandui Tree, with an altitude of 12 19 meters, which is the boundary mountain between Shang Ping Town and Neiguan Town; Dashikeng Top, at an altitude of 1 100 meters, located in Shang Ping Town; Lanfang Heding, at an altitude of 1 15 1 m, is located in the north of Neiwan Town; Lanfangwei, at an altitude of 10 13m, is adjacent to Shawankeng mining area in the east; Hanshan, at an altitude of 1249 meters, is located in Neiwan Town; Qixingdun, at an altitude of 1 170 meters, is the boundary mountain between Neiguan Town and Youxi Town; Chaotianma, at an altitude of1320m, is the boundary mountain between Neiguan Town and Youxi Town; Dishuiyan, at an altitude of1305m, is located in Youxi Town; Cartus Beaver, at an altitude of1034m, is the boundary mountain between Youxi Town and Yuanshan Town.

Southwest hilly area

The area is bordered by wengyuan county in the west and Xinfeng County in the south, including Longjie, Yuanshan and most areas of Beitou, Xishan and Tianyuan. The terrain is mostly hilly and low mountains, with the elevation generally below 500 meters and the slope 10 ~ 30 degrees. Rock is composed of argillaceous shale, sandy shale and granite. The soil is mostly medium thick and fertile. Li Anping River's jing yuan Mountain, Xishan Mountain, Longjie and other places. Water resources are abundant. This area is suitable for developing grain crops and economic forests, and it is the main grain producing area and economic forest area in Li Anping.

Southeast plate area

The area borders peace county in the east and Heyuan suburb in the south, including Zhongxin Town, Huda Town, Xiusatin Town and Li Antang Tea Farm, as well as most areas of Gaowan and Youxi. Most of the terrain is a basin, and there are low hills on the edge of the basin. The terrain is flat and low, and the height is generally below 200 meters above sea level. It is known as the "faithful little plain". The rock is composed of gravel, sand and clay, with loose soil and deep soil layer, which is suitable for planting rice, peanuts, soybeans, garlic, tea, camellia oleifera, tung oil, pears and maple chestnuts. It is the grain producing area and the main cash crop area in this county.

Karst terrain area

Because of the limestone and dolomitic limestone structure, the hills around Beitou Cave, Zhongwan, Tangxing and Xiaodong in the inner bay in the county have formed many stone peaks and caves after long-term water erosion, which constitute a special landscape in karst terrain and are the main tourist attractions in Lianping County. The main caves are:

Shengjicangyan: Also known as Neiwan Rock, it is located in Neiwan Town, east of the county seat. The rock mass is a limestone structure with calcareous system. After long-term water dissolution, various natural landscapes are formed in the cave.

Longyan: Formerly known as "Longtan Spray Rain", it is located halfway up Longyan Mountain at the end of Laxi Cave in Bitou Town, western Lianping County. The cave is 300 meters long, and the stalactites and stalagmites in the cave are unique. In spring and summer, water gushes out from the cave, and in autumn and winter, water flows out from the gap at the bottom of the cave. The water source is stable all year round. 1972 Dams were built 20 meters below the entrance of the cave, and canals were opened to draw water for power generation, with an installed capacity of 800 kilowatts. The water source in the cave has not been ascertained.

Upper Rock and Lower Rock: Located in Beitou Town in the west of Lianping County, it is a natural limestone cave with calcareous system. The two caves, Shang Yan and Xia Yan, are about 100 meters apart, so they are named because one is above and the other is below. The floors of both holes are rectangular. Upper hole area 1.600 m2 and lower hole area 1.200 m2. Both holes are 6 meters high. 1939 (28 years of the Republic of China), which were all converted into military warehouses by the Yu Hanmou Department of the No.1 12 Army of the Kuomintang. 1948 (37 years of the Republic of China), after the warehouses of the two armies were moved to Jiangxi, the upper and lower rocks were abandoned.

Lianping County has a subtropical monsoon climate with long summer and winter, short spring and autumn, mild climate, four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, abundant heat and obvious precipitation season.

I. Hydrological rivers

The rivers in China belong to Dongjiang River and Beijiang River.

Dongjiang River system includes Li Anping River, Daxi River, Zhongxin River and Huda River, with a drainage area of 1965.5 square kilometers, accounting for 83. 1 1% of the county's total land area. There are 57 tributaries, including 42 tributaries with rainwater harvesting area 10 square kilometer.

Li Anping River: Originated at the foot of Huangniushi Mountain in Yuanshan Town, it flows southwest through Yuanshan Mountain, Xishan Mountain and Longjie Street, and joins Xinfeng River at Tanghekou in Longjie Town. The total length is 7 1 km, the average river width is 28 meters, the drainage area is 589 square kilometers, the average river gradient is 0.0078, the natural drop is 8 18 meters, and the average annual runoff is 18.28 cubic meters per second .. There are 18 tributaries.

Daxi River: Originated in Jianfengling, Nakamura, Shang Ping Town (732.9 meters above sea level), it flows through Shang Ping, Neiwan, Yuanshan, Tianyuan and other towns, exits the county town about 2 kilometers west of Hetou Village and Shikeng in Tianyuan, and flows into Xinfeng County. The river in the territory is 59 kilometers long and the basin area is 530 square kilometers. The average river gradient is 0.0398, the natural fall 1070 m, and the annual average runoff 15.95 cubic meters per second. There are 15 tributaries.

Center River: Originated in Xianzaitang, Qingzhou, peace county, flows southwest through the east side of Shawankeng, turns south through Jiulian, Youxi and Center, and finally flows out into the suburb of Heyuan City. The length of rivers in China is 65 kilometers, with a drainage area of 593.4 square kilometers. The average river gradient is 0.0409, the natural drop is 8 190 meters, and the average annual runoff is 14.24 cubic meters per second. The main tributaries are 10.

Hu Dahe: Originated in Qingzhou Township, peace county, north of Heshang Cave, and flowed into the county through Xiacha. It flows through Huda Town, receives water from streams, ditches and rivers, leaves the county town in Aoling and flows into the suburbs of Heyuan City. The river is 42 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 122.7 square kilometers. The average river gradient is 0.00758, the natural drop is 700 meters, and the average annual runoff is 5.2 cubic meters per second.

The main rivers of Beijiang River system are Beitou River and Guidong River, with a drainage area of 3 13.4 square kilometers, accounting for 13.25% of the county's land area. Tributaries 1 1, including 7 tributaries with rainwater harvesting area 10 square kilometer. The territory is rich in groundwater resources and good in water quality. The average daily inflow of groundwater in the county is 8873.76 tons.

Beitou River: Originated in Fenshui 'ao, Beitou Town. It flows through Sanshui, Laxi, Lianguang and Xia Tian villages in Beitou Town, and the track and field exit in Zhixia flows into wengyuan county. The total length of the river is 25.3 kilometers, the basin area is 184.5 square kilometers, the natural drop is 805 meters, the average river gradient is 0.00782, and the average annual runoff is 5.38 cubic meters per second.

Guidong River: Originating in Shan Zhinan, Daji, Jiangxi Province, it flows southwest through Goubeikeng to Tangtian, and collects Zhaibekeng, Pudong Water, Dahua Water, Zhangbei Water, Huashan Water and Yang Gong Pit Water along the way, and flows through Pudong and Guidong Market to the seventh grade and enters Wengyuan County. River length 16km, watershed area 128.9km2, natural drop of 350m, average river gradient of 0.00894, and average annual runoff of 3.76m3/s. ..

underground water

The main source of groundwater recharge in Lianping County is precipitation, followed by leakage recharge of surface water such as mountain ponds, reservoirs, channels and paddy fields. The territory is rich in groundwater resources and good in water quality. According to the investigation in People's Republic of China (PRC) Regional Hydrogeological Survey Report (1982) compiled by Guangdong Geological Bureau, the main types of groundwater in China are loose rock pore water, carbonate fractured karst water and bedrock fissure water. Pore water of loose rocks is mainly distributed in valley areas such as Li Anping and Central Water. Karst cave water in fractured carbonate rocks is mainly distributed in towns and valleys such as Beitou, Yuanshan, Xishan and Longjie. Bedrock fissure water is mainly distributed in Guoluobi, Longjie, Jiulian, Xiedong, Xishan, Guidong and other rock mass areas. According to the investigation of borehole hydrogeological data, the general groundwater level in Beitou Town is1~ 75m; The groundwater level in Shang Ping, Neiwan, Yuanshan, Xishan, Tianyuan and Longjie towns is generally1~10m; The groundwater level in Jiulian, Youxi, Zhongxin, Hu Da and Xiuduan towns is generally 1 ~ 30m. The average daily inflow of groundwater in the county is 8873.76 tons. The representative springs are Bitou Longyan, Neiguan Shengji Cangyan and Zhongxin Shizikou Quanshui 'ao.

Second, climate.

Lianping County is located in the northern part of Guangdong Province, at the southern foot of Nanling Mountains, with a subtropical monsoon climate between east longitude 1 14' and north latitude 1 14 56'. The main features of the climate are: long summer and winter, short spring and autumn, mild climate, four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, sufficient heat, abundant rainfall and obvious precipitation season.

Four seasons; throughout the year

According to the average daily temperature 12℃-22℃ in spring and autumn, it is below 12℃ in winter and above 22℃ in summer, and the county has four distinct seasons.

Spring lasts 64 days from February 2 1 to April 25. The weather is changeable, low temperature and rainy, and insufficient sunshine.

Summer begins on April 26th and ends on1October 5th, 10, *** 163 days. Early summer is the peak of annual rainfall. In midsummer, except for hot thunderstorms or typhoons, it is generally hot and sunny. At the end of summer, affected by weak cold air, cold dew wind weather occasionally appears.

Autumn lasts for 66 days from June 6, 65438 10 to February 65438 10. At the end of the rainy season, the cold dew wind weather process is formed, mostly in autumn, with rainy weather in a few years.

Winter starts from 65438+February 1 1 and ends on February 20th of the following year, with 72 days. Most of the weather is sunny and cold. After the "winter solstice", it is the coldest period of the year, and even frost or freezing may occur. There is snow in the mountains for half a year.

sunlight

The lighting conditions in the county are good, and the average annual sunshine hours are 1659.8 hours, accounting for 38% of the annual sunshine hours. From February to April, the total monthly sunshine hours are between 70 and 80 hours, and the rest months are above 100 hours; July is the most, more than 200 hours.

Li Anping is located at a low latitude with long sunshine hours. However, due to the vast mountainous areas and few plains, there are 79 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level, with many clouds and uneven sunshine distribution in various places. This phenomenon is beneficial to the growth of forest crops such as mushrooms, fungus, tea, fruits and bamboo, but it is not conducive to the spring sowing, spring sowing and spring harvest of crops.

solar radiation

The annual solar radiation in the county is 107223.7 calories/cm, which can basically meet the needs of crop growth, but it changes greatly during the year and the difference between months is also obvious. In July, it reached 1360 1.0 calories/cm, while in March it was only 53 14.0 calories/cm.

temperature

According to the meteorological data from 1952 to 1988, the annual average temperature in the county hovers between 18.0℃ and 20.7℃, with the lowest average temperature in 65438+10.8. The average temperature in July is the highest, generally between 26.3℃ and 28.0℃. Most of the daily average temperature in the county is above 0℃. There is only one day in the calendar year, and the daily average temperature is -0. 1℃. The lowest temperature over the years appeared in 1955 1 month, which was -5.4℃. The highest temperature over the years appeared in August of 1953, which was 39.5℃.

deposit

The average annual precipitation of the county for many years is 1779.7mm, with abundant rainfall. However, the annual variation is great, with the maximum annual precipitation of 1975 and the minimum of 1963, which is only 997.5 mm. In addition, the seasonal variation of precipitation is also great, with the maximum precipitation from April to June accounting for 48% of the annual precipitation. The precipitation from 10 to February of the following year is the least, accounting for only16% of the whole year; Other months * * * accounted for 36%. The maximum monthly precipitation over the years is 823.9 mm, which occurred in June of 1968. Generally speaking, since March, the rainfall has gradually increased, and May and June are the most concentrated periods, with high intensity and easy to cause flash floods. For example, 1 June 5, 964, the precipitation reached 200.6 mm, of which the maximum precipitation1hour was 54.4 mm, causing flash floods in the county and heavy losses. The average number of rainstorm days with daily rainfall greater than or equal to 80.0 mm is 1.4 times per year. After August, the precipitation gradually decreases, and if there is no typhoon regulation, it is easy to produce autumn drought, even autumn and winter spring drought, such as 1963 drought period 162 days.

humidity

The average annual humidity in Lianping County is 79%, and the highest average relative humidity is in June, which is 85%. The month with the smallest average relative humidity is 65438+February, which is 7 1%.

evaporate

Lianping County is an inland mountainous area with good vegetation, short sunshine, low wind speed and small evaporation. The average annual evaporation is 1, 393.6 mm, which is equivalent to the lower limit of variation in Guangdong Province. The month with the largest evaporation in a year is July, and the monthly total is 174.2mm, accounting for 13% of the whole year. The smallest month is February, and the monthly total is 67.6 mm, accounting for 4.9%. The annual maximum evaporation is 1955, and the annual total evaporation is1738+0 mm; The minimum year is 1965, and the total for the whole year is1101.0 mm. ..

wind

Lianping County is affected by monsoon, and the wind direction changes obviously with the seasons. There are more northerly winds in autumn and winter, more southeast winds in spring and summer, and more southeast winds in June-August. The annual average wind speed is 1.4m/s, and the instantaneous maximum wind speed is 20m/s. ..

Frosty/frosty powder

According to the meteorological data of Lianping County, the maximum frost days are 1963, which is 33 days, and the minimum frost days are 1962 and 1985, which are only 2 days. The frost days range from 12 to 10 in the following year, followed by February. The first frost date is generally 1 1 ending at 65438+2, and the earliest is198211; The final frost date is generally from the end of February to the beginning of March, and the latest is1954 on March 23rd. The frost-free period in all parts of the county is 277 ~ 3 17 days. Because the intensity and path of cold air are different every year, the first frost day and the last frost day are very different every year. The average number of frost days over the years is 65 days.

snow

There are different degrees of snowfall in Lianping county for half a year, but the time is short and there is little heavy snow. At present, the maximum snowfall and sunrise are 1968, and it snows six times a year. The maximum snow depth appeared in197565438+February 14, with an average snow depth of 4 cm, and some gullies were covered with snow for more than a month. The first snow appeared on1952 65438+February 3rd, and the last snow appeared on1969 March13rd at the latest.

Catastrophic weather

The main disastrous weather in this county includes low temperature rain, hail, rainstorm, cold dew wind, frost and drought, among which low temperature rain, cold dew wind, rainstorm and drought have great influence.

Low temperature and rainy weather mostly occurs in February-March in early spring, and there is often obvious cold air invasion, and the cold and warm airflow is deadlocked over South China, resulting in continuous low temperature and rainy weather. Cold dew wind mostly occurs between September 25th-10/October 25th 10, and there are at least 1 cold dew wind processes every year. Rainstorms mostly occur from May to June, and the average monthly rainfall over the years is more than 300 mm ... Because of the high rainfall intensity, heavy rain and heavy rain days are concentrated, it is easy to cause flash floods and river surges, causing disasters. Drought mainly includes spring drought and autumn drought.