Eggplant sowing skills

1. Who can teach me the basic knowledge of eggplant seedling?

Seed treatment: 1. Drying seeds. Sundrying seeds can promote the after-ripening of seeds and improve the uniformity of germination. Generally, seeds are dried 1~2 days before soaking. The second is seed disinfection, which can be soaked in 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution 10~ 15 minutes; Third, soak the seeds in warm water. Soak the sterilized seeds in warm water at 65℃~70℃ 10 minute. When soaking seeds, pay attention to continuous stirring to make the seeds heated evenly. When the water temperature drops to 30℃, stop stirring, continue to soak for 8~ 10 hour, then take out the seeds and put them in clean water for repeated kneading to wash away the mucus on the seeds. Fourthly, accelerating germination: take out the soaked seeds, put them in wet gauze and accelerate germination at 28℃~30℃. During the germination period, the seeds 1~2 times a day are washed with clear water, and generally germinate in 4~5 days. When the radicle of the seed is exposed 50%, it can be sown.

Usage of eggplant seeds: dry weight of eggplant seeds is 4-5g. When raising seedlings, about 3-4 grams of seeds should be planted per square meter, and about 30-45 grams should be planted for one acre of eggplant. Generally, new seeds should be selected to raise seedlings.

Preparation and disinfection of nutrient soil in seedbed: nutrient soil is one of the important basic measures to cultivate strong seedlings. Nutritious soil should be rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, so that it has good air permeability and water retention. Nutrient soil is usually composed of 6 parts of fertile garden soil and 4 parts of decomposed fertilizer. Both soil and fertilizer should be sieved and mixed evenly. If you use nutrient cups to raise seedlings, you can use peat soil and concrete stone according to the ratio of 3: 1 In addition, in the nutrient soil, 8~ 10 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 0.5~ 1 kg of calcium superphosphate and 5~6 kg of plant ash are added per cubic meter, or compound fertilizer is used to replace phosphate fertilizer and plant ash, and the dosage is 0. 1%.

In order to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, it is necessary to disinfect the bed soil. The treatment methods mainly include: first, high temperature disinfection. When raising seedlings in autumn, after the bed soil is paved, cover it with plastic film and seal it. Use sunlight to bake the bed at high temperature, so that the bed temperature can reach above 50℃, and pests and diseases in the soil can be eliminated in 2~3 days. When raising seedlings in electric hotbed, the bed temperature can be raised to 50℃~60℃ by using electric hot line for 2 hours, and most diseases and insect pests can also be killed. The second method is chemical disinfection, in which 60-80g of 50% carbendazim and 50-60g of phoxim are added to each cubic meter of nutrient soil, and then the mixture is fully mixed with the nutrient soil to eliminate pests and diseases in the nutrient soil.

2. When can eggplant seedlings be planted?

When do eggplant seedlings grow? How to raise eggplant seedlings? For farmers, it is very good to know the time and method of eggplant seedling raising to improve the yield and quality of eggplant. The following content summarizes the time and method of eggplant seedling in detail for everyone, which can be used as a reference for farmers when planting eggplant.

1. When do eggplant seedlings grow?

Eggplant is cultivated in early spring, whether in open field or protected field, the seedling age is mostly 80-90 days. The seedling raising time is determined according to the planting time, and the planting time is determined according to the cultivation environment and ground temperature. Generally cultivated in early spring, the lowest ground temperature 10 cm can be stabilized above 13℃ before planting. In solar greenhouse production, the ground temperature can reach above 15℃ and the temperature can reach above 20℃. After determining the planting time, it is estimated that about 80-90 days will be the sowing and seedling raising time.

Second, eggplant seedling technology

1, soaking seeds to accelerate germination

First, the seeds are put into warm water at 55℃, the water consumption is 5-6 times that of the seeds, and the seeds are continuously stirred, and the water temperature at 55℃ 10- 15 minutes is maintained, and then the seeds are soaked in its naturally falling water temperature for 8- 12 hours. Eggplant seed coat is thick and it is difficult to absorb water. If the seeds are not fully fermented, it is more difficult to germinate. First, it should be washed with 0, 2-0, 5% alkali solution, and then repeatedly rubbed with clear water until the seed coat is clean and mucus-free. Seeds can also be soaked in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes before soaking. During seed soaking, change water 1 time every 5-8 hours. When the seeds fully absorb water, rinse them with clear water, take them out, wrap them with multi-layer wet cloth or gunny cloth, spin off the water, put them in a container and put them in a warm place to accelerate germination. The optimum temperature for eggplant germination is 25-35℃. Because of the uneven temperature and oxygen in the bag, the seeds will germinate unevenly. Therefore, it is best to change the temperature to accelerate germination. The optimum temperature for a day is 30℃ for 8 hours and 20℃ for 16 hours. After 5-6 days, 75% of the seeds will turn white and germinate neatly. During germination, the seed package should be turned frequently, which is helpful to the gas exchange of seed coat.

Step 2 sow seeds

The growth of eggplant needs high temperature, so it is best to use sowing box for greenhouse sowing. This method can be moved at will, and it is convenient to adjust the temperature and light. Firstly, a layer of 3 cm thick nutrient soil is laid in the sowing box; Water is poured for the first time. After the water seeps down, a layer of fine soil is sown in sow or ditch. After sowing, it is covered with fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm, and then covered with plastic film. When the seeds are unearthed, they are removed in time.

3. Seedling management

After sowing at room temperature of 25-30℃, seedlings emerge after 5-6 days. After 80% of the buds are unearthed, the room temperature should drop to 20-25℃ during the day and 20℃ at night. When it exceeds 28℃, the ventilation should be moderate, and the ventilation volume should not be too large or too strong. When the room temperature drops to about 20℃, stop drying. When the cotyledon has spread out and the first true leaf is pointed out, the room temperature can be increased by 25-27℃ during the day, 16- 18℃ at night and the ground temperature 18-20℃ at night, so as to promote the smooth growth of its true leaf until transplanting. Eggplants grow well when the soil moisture is sufficient. When water is insufficient, flower bud differentiation is late, fruiting period is delayed, and early yield is reduced.

3. How to grow eggplant?

1. Variety: Choose varieties with low temperature tolerance, weak light and early maturity. Such as: jet, Shenqie 1, Qiqie 2, Qingqie, Heiqie 2, Yongfeng Heiqie, etc.

2. Preparation of bed soil: 6 parts of pollution-free field soil, 2 parts of decomposed high-quality chicken manure or pig manure, and 2 parts of decomposed horse manure or rice bran are mixed evenly and sieved for later use.

3. Soaking seeds to accelerate germination: Soak seeds with 1% potassium permanganate for 30 minutes, after repeated washing, soak seeds with 55℃ water for 15 minutes, and then soak them with 20℃ water for 24 hours. Before germination, wipe the mucus off the seed coat with fine sand, then wrap it with wet cloth and put it at 25-30℃ to accelerate germination, which usually takes 5-6 days to germinate.

4. Sowing: spread 10cm bed soil with seedling tray or wooden box in greenhouse, pat it flat and water it. Then spread the seeds evenly on the bed. The sowing amount per square meter is 35-40 grams.

5. Sowing: Transplanting seedlings with row spacing of 8- 10 cm, and watering after sowing. In the early stage, the daytime temperature increased to 25-30℃, and the nighttime temperature was 15- 18℃. After slow sowing, reduce the temperature to 25℃ during the day and 15℃ at night, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 10℃. Eggplant seedlings are mostly over 80 days old. Because of their long seedling age and easy fertilization in the later stage, 0.3% diammonium phosphate can be used as topdressing outside the roots.

Extended data.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is also called eggplant: Solanum melongena L., dwarf melon, wild rapeseed, lettuce, green eggplant, purple eggplant, white eggplant, herbs or subshrubs, with a height of 1 m.

Branchlets are purple, and they lose their hair when they get old. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6- 18 cm long, blunt apex, asymmetrical base, shallow or deep wavy, 4-5 pairs of lateral veins; The leaves are 2-4.5cm long. Flowers are mostly solitary, sparse racemes.

The shape and size of fruits vary greatly, and the colors are diverse.

4. How to plant eggplant seedlings

First, sowing time

The planting time of eggplant has a great influence on the yield and quality of eggplant. In Hunan, autumn sowing is usually carried out from July to August every year, but in many places, such as North China, spring sowing and autumn sowing can be carried out alternately, and the spring sowing time is generally 12- February of the following year.

The temperature in these two periods is generally around 15 degrees, which is very suitable for the growth of eggplant, and the temperature in the flowering and fruiting period just reaches 15-25 degrees. The eggplant produced at this time is the most delicious, and there are many fruits.

Second, the sowing method

Disinfect and blanch the seeds before sowing, so that the germination rate of the seeds will be much higher. Generally, the seeds are soaked in hot water of about 50 degrees for 20 minutes, and the seeds are heated as much as possible.

When the water temperature drops to 30 degrees, soak the seeds for 24 hours, then take out the seeds, dress them with liquid medicine for 6 hours, then rinse them with clear water and put them in high temperature to accelerate germination. When 80% of the seeds are white, they can be planted.

Third, fertilization methods

Eggplant cultivation requires strict fertilization. When applying base fertilizer, apply as much as possible. Generally, farm manure, livestock manure or human manure can be used. Finally, when planting, sprinkle an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer evenly in each hole.

Eggplant needs to be fertilized in batches during the growth period, and not too much topdressing at a time. Generally speaking, we fertilize once every 20 days after planting, and generally use urea to promote the growth of seedlings. When the eggplant blooms, we will apply fertilizer for the second time.

At this time, phosphorus fertilizer was the main fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer was the main fertilizer for the third time after the fruit was successfully positioned. Eggplant will absorb more nutrients, so try to use organic fertilizer carefully to avoid affecting the quality of eggplant and people's health.

Extended data:

The benefits of eggplant

1, anti-aging

Eggplant contains vitamin E, which has hemostatic and anti-aging effects. Eating eggplant regularly can prevent the cholesterol level in the blood from rising, which has positive significance for delaying human aging.

2, clearing away heat and activating blood, reducing swelling and relieving pain

Taking steamed eggplant every day can effectively treat internal hemorrhoid bleeding and relieve constipation for a long time. Medical research also shows that eating eggplant often has a certain therapeutic effect on chronic gastritis, nephritis and edema.

3. Protect cardiovascular system and ascorbic acid

Eggplant is rich in vitamin P, which can enhance the adhesion between human cells, enhance the elasticity of capillaries, reduce the brittleness and permeability of capillaries, prevent microvascular rupture and bleeding, and maintain the normal function of cardiovascular system. In addition, eggplant can also prevent scurvy and promote wound healing.

People's Network-Eggplant has unique nutrition. Counting the amazing nutrition of eggplant

Baidu encyclopedia-eggplant

5. Eggplant planting techniques

At least 0.27 yuan to open a library member, check the full content > Original Publisher: Greenhouse Eggplant Planting Technology in Wen Shu 1. Choose varieties with low temperature tolerance and early maturity, such as Zaochang ggplant, which is a first-generation hybrid with low temperature tolerance and early maturity.

Second, sow seedlings 1 to prepare nutrient soil. Mix 1 part fertile and sterile fine soil and 1 part decomposed ring fertilizer evenly, sieve, and add 0.5 kg compound fertilizer E688462616964757A 68696416f313343626566 to each cubic nutrient soil.

2. Seed treatment. Firstly, the eggplant seeds were soaked in formaldehyde solution 100 times for 15 minutes, then soaked in water at 60℃ for about 15 minutes, then soaked in water at 30℃ for 8 hours, and placed in a ventilated and warm place (above 30℃) to accelerate germination until the seeds turned white.

3. sow. Water the soles of the feet before sowing, sprinkle a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm on it after sowing, tie a small arch shed on the seedbed, and roll up the lower film by 35cm~40cm to prevent high temperature and heavy rain erosion at noon.

4. Seedling management. The daytime temperature of seedling stage is 24℃~30℃, and the nighttime temperature is 18℃~24℃. Water once before planting, and no water for 5 ~7 days after planting.

3. Before planting, 5,000-6,000 kilograms of soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 40-50 kilograms of compound fertilizer should be applied in combination with soil preparation. 7 ~8 days before planting, close the shed, close the shed at high temperature to kill eggs and germs, and mature the soil.

The row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, and 3200 ~3300 plants are planted per mu. Fourth, post-planting management. Water the tree once after planting, but the amount of water should not be too large.

Farming on the back of the ground, and then covering with plastic film. The daytime temperature is 25℃~28℃, and at night 15℃~ 18℃.

When eggplant is stubbled, after topdressing and watering once, it is mainly managed around the following aspects: 1, light. In winter, the light is weak, so it is necessary to remove the lower old leaves and yellow leaves in time to improve the light transmission conditions.

6. How to grow eggplant?

The planting regulation of organic eggplant is 1, and the seedling raising of eggplant is basically the same, and the seedling raising method is greenhouse, hotbed or sunny bed.

However, eggplant germination is difficult to accelerate and requires high temperature. Before sowing, pour warm water of 5-60 degrees to scald the seeds and stir at the same time. When the temperature drops to about 20 degrees Celsius, stop stirring, soak for a day and night, take out, wipe off the mucus on the seeds, wash them with clear water, and place them at 25-30 degrees Celsius to accelerate germination. During germination, the environmental humidity should be kept at 85%, and the seeds can be sown when they turn white. When sowing, the seedbed should be thoroughly watered with warm water, and then the seeds should be evenly spread into the seedbed and covered with fine soil with a thickness of 0.8- 1cm. Immediately after sowing, the arch shed should be closed and covered with straw mats at night, so that the temperature of the seedbed can be kept at 26-28 degrees Celsius during the day, at about 20 degrees Celsius at night before emergence, and it can be cooled about 4-5 days after emergence, and at 25 degrees Celsius during the day.

2. Sowing When the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, they can be divided into sunny beds or plastic arches. The bed soil should be fertile, especially to maintain a certain amount of available nitrogen fertilizer.

In addition, to reserve a certain nutritional area for individual seedlings, 10 * 10cm is appropriate. After the seedlings are divided, they should be covered with plastic arches immediately, sealed with straw mats at night, and kept at a certain high temperature. After slow seedling, ventilation should be started to cool down, 25 degrees Celsius during the day and 15 degrees Celsius at night. Pay special attention to prevent seedlings from burning at noon on sunny days. If the fertility of seedbed is insufficient, it should be watered and topdressing.

Seedbed hardening can be done by loosening the soil with a small rake, and ventilating the seedlings 10 days before sowing, but freezing injury should also be prevented. The standard of strong seedling is 16-23 cm, with 5-7 leaves and 0.5-0.7 cm stem diameter. Management method Before the harvest period, the eggplant cultivated in the open field was managed, and after three days of planting, shallow intertillage was carried out to improve the ground temperature and promote slow seedling.

After the seedlings are planted slowly, intertillage again, paying attention to covering the soil. With intertillage, a high ridge of 12- 15 will be made, so that the ridge surface exceeds the tuo surface. The management of eye fertilizer and water generally delays the seedlings from watering after flowering. If it is dry, you can water it once.

In the "staring" stage of eggplant, topdressing and watering can be carried out, and 3 bottles of soil can be applied in combination with watering. After the eggplant is set, water it every 5-7 days, topdressing it every 3 days, and water it with decomposed chicken manure every time.

After the whole branch is forked, keep the bifurcated branch and remove the leaf buds below the eggplant. About 10 day after slow seedling growth in the protected field, biological bacteria-Diliwang was applied to each acre of holes, and a small amount of water was poured.

Then loosen the soil to promote roots and control seedlings. When harvesting, the management of open cultivation should be timely harvested, and the old leaves should be removed in time to prevent pests and diseases.

The cultivation temperature in the protected area is controlled at 25-30 degrees Celsius during the day and at 15-20 degrees Celsius at night, and ventilation is strengthened. After harvesting, water should be poured every 5-7 days in winter and every 3-4 days in summer.

Water the seedlings 5-7 days after planting. When eggplant begins to swell, water it according to the water content, usually once a week, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention after rain. Spraying chlorothalonil 150-300 times+Wofengsu 600 times for 2-6 times during the flower and fruit period, or irrigating the roots at the same time; When the disease is high, garlic oil times or other chemicals are compounded at the same time.

Shovel management. Eggplants without plastic film should be shoveled three times, and intertillage should be completed before eggplant seedlings are collected.

Trim in time. Remove old leaves and yellow leaves under eggplant in time, and remove useless branches in time.

7. When should eggplant be planted? When and how should eggplant be planted?

Sow in time. The early spring sowing period is 65438+February, and the sowing begins in late February of the following year, and the harvest begins at the end of April.

Sow in May, sow in June and harvest in August-September in autumn. Eggplant seeds have a 1000-grain weight of 4-5g, and the amount of seeds used for seedling and transplanting is generally per mu 15-20g.

Propagation method Eggplant seeds are placed in warm water at 55-60℃. Stir to water temperature of 30℃, and then soak for 2 hours.

Take out the seeds, dry them slightly, soak them in 200 mg/kg gibberellin solution for 24 hours, and then accelerate germination. The surface of the seeding chamber is made into a flat and subdivided chamber surface with a width of 1 m and edges on both sides.

Before sowing, water is poured on the soles of feet, and after water seeps, the sterilized and soaked seeds are mixed with sand for sowing. Then cover soil thickness 1 cm.

In dry years, if the bed soil is too dry before emergence, it can be watered 1-2 times to keep the bed soil moist and promote rapid emergence. After all the seedlings emerge, they should emerge at intervals in time to eliminate the seedlings that are too dense and sick.

Seedlings can be divided before and after the true leaf stage, so that the seedling spacing can be widened to about 8- 12 cm, and 9*9 cm nutrition cups can be selected to ensure that the seedlings have a certain nutritional area. [7] Eggplant grafting In order to improve the disease resistance of eggplant, rootstocks such as Torubam are often used for grafting.

(1) Preparation of seedbed: The preparation method of seedbed soil is to sieve garden soil, decomposed horse manure and manure, and make it into nutrient soil according to the ratio of 5:4: 1. Or the garden soil, vermiculite powder and dry manure are sieved and prepared according to the ratio of 6: 2:1. Chicken manure is not allowed to be used to prepare nutrient soil.

Disinfection of bed soil: 70% pentachloronitrobenzene and 80% zineb (or 80% thiram) are mixed with bed soil per 15 kg soil, covered tightly with plastic film and disinfected for 3 days. Prepare seedbed: 40-50g scion and 20-30g rootstock (Torubam 8 8- 10/0g) per mu, and prepare seeds. The seedbed area is calculated by sowing 25-30g seeds per square meter.

Spread nutrient soil with a thickness of 9- 10 cm on the bed surface, level it, water the soles of feet, cover it with plastic film to keep it moist, and wait for sowing. (2) Seed treatment: choose sunny days, dry the seeds outdoors for 6-8 hours, soak them in 1% potassium permanganate solution for half an hour, or soak them in 0. 1% carbendazim 1 hour, rinse them with clean water after soaking, and then soak them in warm water at 30℃.

Torubam is difficult to germinate. Soak seeds with 100ppm germination promoter for 24 hours, and then accelerate germination after cleaning. ⑶ Soaking seeds to accelerate germination: Soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃ for 15 minutes, then soak them in clean water at 30℃ for 8 hours, clean the mucus on the seed coat, wrap them with clean gauze and start accelerating germination. Adopt variable temperature management, and control 16- 18 hours and 16-20 hours at 25-30℃ every day.

⑶ Sowing: Choose cardiopulmonary resuscitation, red eggplant and eggplant rootstock 1 to sow 7- 10 days earlier than the scion. Eggplant rootstocks No.3, No.4 and No.5 can be sowed at the same time with the eggplant. When Torubam is selected as the rootstock, the sowing time is advanced by 25-30 days, and the gap between the scion and the rootstock can be appropriately shortened in high temperature season. When 80% of the seeds grow to 1-2 mm, evenly sow them on the seedbed (or mix them with fine sand), cover them with 1 cm nutrient soil immediately after sowing, then cover them with plastic film to keep warm and moist, and cover them with a small arch shed at night.

5. Management from emergence to seedling stage: after sowing, the temperature is 28-30℃ during the day, not lower than 20℃ at night, the soil temperature is kept above 20℃, and plastic film is sprayed after emergence. After 7-8 days, the daytime temperature is controlled at 20-25℃.

After digging, take back the dry nutrient soil once, and then take it back again after the cotyledons are unfolded, with a thickness of 2-3mm each time. [6] Seedling separation: separate the beds of Xin Wei, and prepare for the same as before.

The seedling is divided into two real leaves, each mu needs 35-40 square meters. The scion seedlings can be transplanted on the bed seedlings, ditched and transplanted according to the row spacing of 8*8 cm, stabilized with water, sealed after seepage, or moved into a nutrition bowl. After seedling separation, it is kept at 20-30℃ during the day and at 18- 15℃ at night. After transplanting, it is not suitable to irrigate with water, but to spray. Sprinkle water on a sunny morning.

(7) Grafting: chopping (cutting) method: grafting when the rootstock seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves. After digging out the seedlings, keep 2 true leaves of the rootstock, cross-cut the rootstock stem with a blade, remove the upper part, split 1.0- 1.5 cm from the center of the stem, pull out the scion seedlings, and cut 2-3 true leaves into wedge-shaped facets with the same length as the interface.

Oblique cutting method: when the rootstock seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves. Two real leaves were left on the rootstock, and the inclined plane was formed by oblique cutting with a blade, and the length of the inclined plane was about 1-5 cm. Pull out the scion, keep 2-3 true leaves, cut them into inclined planes opposite to the rootstock with a blade, and fix them with a clip after the two inclined planes are attached.

(8) Management of grafted seedlings: after grafting, plant the grafted seedlings in a small arch shed, fully water the grafted seedlings from the bottom, cover the small arch shed tightly, keep the humidity in the shed at 85% for the first three days, keep the temperature at 25-26℃ during the day and 20-22℃ at night. In order to prevent direct sunlight, cover it with a straw curtain or paper.

On the fourth day, I saw a short period of weak light in the morning and evening. Slowly ventilate from both sides and spray 1-2 times a day. Do not spray water directly on the grafted seedlings.

After that, the amount of light and ventilation will be gradually increased. After 10, she basically recovered completely and turned to normal management. After survival, take off the clamp and remove the sprouted lateral buds on the rootstock in time.

It can be planted 15-20 days after grafting. Spraying chemical fertilizers and pesticides 3-4 days before planting.

Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% urea solution on the leaves. Use 2000 times spray to kill pyrethroids or 1000 times mixed with 600 times chlorothalonil.

The eggplant production field in the base soil must be sandy loam or loam, with high and dry terrain, uniform soil fertility, deep soil layer, ventilation and light transmission, fertile and loose soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and stable yield and harvest. Nursery soil should be garden soil without planting solanaceous fruits, fruits and vegetables, potatoes, tobacco and other crops for 2-3 years. It is best to take soil from plots where beans, onions and garlic crops have been planted, and the top soil 15 cm is the best.

The fertilizer can be made from pig, cow and horse manure and a proper amount of plant ash, which can be fully fermented and decomposed to kill eggs and pathogenic microorganisms and reduce seedling diseases. Using hotbed to raise seedlings, the suitable temperature for seedling stage is 25 -28 degrees Celsius during the day and 18 degrees Celsius -20 degrees Celsius at night.

Sow thinly when sowing, and the sowing amount is per 1 m2 10- 15g. 3-4 real leaves should be seedlings, and low-temperature hardening and soil preparation should be carried out before planting 1 week. Eggplant plots should have fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. It used to be a field where no rice or solanaceae crops were planted in the first three years. The soil was deeply turned over and the clods were finely divided.

Combined with soil preparation, 50-80 kg lime powder is applied per mu to disinfect the soil and adjust the pH value. Eggplant has strong fertilizer tolerance and high fertilizer requirement.

Before transplanting, apply sufficient base fertilizer (2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu).

8. Eggplant planting techniques

Original Publisher: Wen Shu Tianxia

Cultivation techniques of eggplant in greenhouse

First, choose varieties.

Selecting varieties with low temperature tolerance and early maturity, such as Zaochangqie, is a cold tolerance and early maturity hybrid.

Second, sowing and seedling raising

1, preparation of nutrient soil. Mix 1 part fertile and sterile fine soil with 1 part decomposed ring fertilizer, sieve, add 0.5 kg compound fertilizer and 80 g 50% carbendazim to each cubic meter of nutrient soil, and mix. The thickness of nutrient soil in seedbed is10cm ~15cm.

2. Seed treatment. Firstly, the eggplant seeds were soaked in formaldehyde solution 100 times for 15 minutes, then soaked in water at 60℃ for about 15 minutes, then soaked in water at 30℃ for 8 hours, and placed in a ventilated and warm place (above 30℃) to accelerate germination until the seeds turned white.

3. sow. Water the soles of the feet before sowing, sprinkle a layer of fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm on it after sowing, tie a small arch shed on the seedbed, and roll up the lower film by 35cm~40cm to prevent high temperature and heavy rain erosion at noon.

4. Seedling management. The daytime temperature of seedling stage is 24℃~30℃, and the nighttime temperature is 18℃~24℃. Water once before planting, and no water for 5 ~7 days after planting.

Third, colonization.

Before planting, 5,000-6,000 kilograms of soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 40-50 kilograms of compound fertilizer were applied in combination with soil preparation. 7 ~8 days before planting, close the shed, close the shed at high temperature to kill eggs and germs, and mature the soil. The row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, and 3200 ~3300 plants are planted per mu.

Fourth, post-implantation management

Water the tree once after planting, but the amount of water should not be too large. Farming on the back of the ground, and then covering with plastic film. The daytime temperature is 25℃~28℃, and at night 15℃~ 18℃. When eggplant is sitting, after a topdressing and watering, it is mainly managed around the following aspects.

1, lighting. In winter, the light is weak, so it is necessary to remove the lower old leaves and yellow leaves in time to improve the light transmission conditions.

9. Planting method of eggplant

1. Planting plot of eggplant: It should be a field with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. It used to be used as rice, or solanaceae crops were not planted in the first three years. Deep ploughing should be done thoroughly, and clods should be finely divided. Combined with soil preparation, 50-80 kg lime powder is applied per mu to disinfect the soil and adjust the pH value. Eggplant has strong fertilizer tolerance and high fertilizer requirement.

Before transplanting, apply sufficient base fertilizer (2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu) and plant it in high border. The height of the border is about 30 cm, the width of the border is 1.8 m, and two rows are planted, with the plant spacing of 45-50 cm, with about 1400 plants per mu. Single row planting, border width 1.3 m, plant spacing of 45 cm, about 1000 plants per mu. After planting, pour enough planting water, stop watering after the seedlings survive, and promote the root system to go deep.

2, to choose suitable for the local climate, good quality, strong disease resistance, marketable varieties.

3. Seed treatment: the rootstock is sown 25-30 days earlier than the scion. 40-50g scion seeds per mu. Scion seeds should be disinfected. The seeds should be scalded with 50~55℃ water, and stirred while pouring to keep the seeds floating until the water temperature drops to 30℃. Take it out and dry it a little, then soak it in potassium permanganate solution for 10~ 15 minutes, take it out and clean it, and then soak it in water at 30℃ for 65438.

Until the seeds are completely soaked. In the process of soaking, the seeds are repeatedly rubbed by hands to get surface mucus, which is taken out after soaking, wrapped in clean gauze and placed at 25~30℃ to accelerate germination. During the germination process, the seeds are washed with clean water 1~2 times a day. Generally, 80% of the seeds can germinate in 4~5 days, and then spread on the seedbed in time.

4. Sowing: Eggplant is sowed. In order to make the seeds evenly spread on the seedbed and tray, some fine sand can be mixed into the seeds to loosen the seeds before sowing. If the seeds are unevenly distributed, you can use bamboo sticks, branches, thin iron bars, etc. to evenly distribute the seeds with high density.

5. Field management: After tomato seedlings are planted 15 days, shallow intertillage weeding is carried out, combined with small soil cultivation and thin application of seedling fertilizer, and rare human manure is applied per mu 10-20. After the root eggplant sets fruit, remove the side branches below the root eggplant to avoid excessive branches and consumption of nutrition. During this period, the plants were not closed yet, so deep ploughing and weeding were carried out, and topdressing was carried out again, and 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied per mu.

In the middle and late stage of plant growth, apply fertilizer once every two times, and apply compound fertilizer 15-20kg per mu. At the same time, foliar fertilizers such as Jinkapeng, Aiduoshou or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed. There is not much water demand in the early stage of eggplant growth, and proper drought is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and improve fruit setting rate. After the root eggplant sits firmly, the water needed for plant growth gradually increases, so it is necessary to keep the soil moist and irrigate it properly.

6. Scientific plant control: The grafted eggplant grows strongly, and the rootstock will sprout new lateral branches, which should be removed in time to prevent the consumption of nutrients from affecting the growth of eggplant. At the same time, it is necessary to clean up the old leaves and invalid branches at the bottom in time. When the plant grows to 40cm high, it will start to hang branches, leaving only two poles for each plant (the first plant in front of the shed can be trimmed with three poles), each node 1 side branch, and each side branch 1 ~ 2 leaves after the head is capped.

The hanging rope should be firm to prevent the fruit from increasing the weight of the plant and dropping the seedlings. The rope should be wound in time to facilitate the balanced growth of each branch, and it can be renewed and replaced to grow again in the later stage.

Extended data:

Growth conditions of eggplant

1, temperature

Eggplant likes high temperature, the optimum temperature for seed germination is 25 -30 degrees Celsius, and the optimum temperature for seedling development is 25 -30 degrees Celsius during the day, 15 degrees Celsius -20 degrees Celsius at night, which is lower than 15 degrees Celsius, causing slow growth and flowering. /kloc-metabolic disorder below 0/0℃.

2. Lighting equipment

Eggplant needs high-intensity light time. Under the condition of long sunshine and high intensity, eggplant grows vigorously, with good flower bud quality, high fruit yield and good coloring.

Step 3: Moisture

Eggplant needs less water before molding, but it needs more water after rapid growth, and it needs the most water before and after harvest, so it is necessary to fully meet the water demand. Eggplant likes water and is afraid of it. When the soil is wet and poorly ventilated, it is easy to cause root retting, and the air humidity is high, which is easy to cause diseases.