Kangxi, how many queens were sealed? How many concubines? What's your favorite child?

The TV you watched shows that there were many places in the Kangxi Dynasty that did not respect history.

I'm too lazy to say, please read this post yourself/question/67977395.html.

In history, Kangxi had four queens:

The empress of filial piety, Hersairihara (1654— 1674), was born in Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, the daughter of Luo, the internal security minister, and the granddaughter of Sony, the assistant minister. She was made a queen in the four-year book of Kangxi at the age of 13. Kangxi gave birth to the emperor's second son (that is, the abandoned prince) in the eighth year; After Kangxi gave birth to the emperor in the thirteenth year, he died of dystocia at the age of 22. Posthumous title: Su An and Tian Ren are Empresses.

Niu Lulu of Empress Zhao Zhaoren (? -1678), a native of Zhenghuang Banner, Manchuria, is a first-class assistant minister. In August of the 16th year of Kangxi, she was crowned as the queen. Only half a year later, she died on February 26th of the 17th year of Kangxi. Posthumous title: Xiao Zhao Shu Jing Ming Hui Zheng and An Duan Yu Mu Xue Tian Shun Sheng Ren.

Filial piety queen Tong Jiashi was born in Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria. She is the daughter of Tong Guowei, the minister in charge of guards. She is the first niece of Emperor Kangxi's biological mother and also the cousin of Kangxi. In August of the 16th year of Kangxi, he was canonized as a imperial concubine, and on December 20th of the 20th year, he was promoted as a imperial concubine. At the age of 22, she gave birth to eight daughters. On July 9th, the 28th year of Kangxi, she became a queen and died the next day. Posthumous title:, Wencheng, Duan Renxian Mu, and Ke Cihui, Feng Tianzuo and Empress Shengren.

Empress Wu Yashi (Debei, Yong Zhengdi's biological mother, 1660- 1723), a native of Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, is the eldest daughter of the Guards. On October 30th, the seventeenth year of Kangxi, she gave birth to the emperor's fourth son, namely Yong Zhengdi. 18 years, Feng Deyi. The next year, he gave birth to Liu Zi; 1February 20, the princess is thirty years old. During 2 1 year, he gave birth to seven women, nine women, twelve women and fourteen children. After Kangxi's death, Princess De was honored as the Empress Dowager and died on May 23rd, the fifth year of Yongzheng, at the age of sixty-four. Posthumous title is the Empress of Filial Piety, Publicity, Hui, Wen Suding, Yu Ci, Mu Zan and Shengren.

Kangxi's concubine:

Princess Jingmin, Zhang Jiashi (? -1699), a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria, is the daughter of Guanghai. In the twenty-fifth year of Kangxi, thirteen sons of Emperor Yun Xiang were born, and on July 25th of the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi, the mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi was buried. Have two daughters and marry Cang Jin and Duo Zi.

Ding Fei (1661-1757), Wan Liuha, a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manzhouli, is the daughter of a doctor. Kangxi was the concubine of Yongzheng. Later, I lived with my son Wang Yun. When it was his turn to celebrate his birthday, he was welcomed into the palace, but he didn't get any more honor. He is 97 years old.

Same wife, Nora's (? -1744), daughter of Guo-zi-jian diploma Chang Baosu. When serving the holy father Kangxi, he was a noble man. In the second year of Yongzheng, he was sealed for his son-in-law's meritorious service. Gan Long died nine years ago on June 23rd at the age of 80 or above. Both sons are dead (actually the son of Kangxi IX and 12), and one is a daughter.

Princess Dunyi (1683—— 1768), the daughter of the Sanpinhui. Guarga's family. He was a consort when he served Kangxi. Sejong Yong Zhengdi was honored as the imperial concubine, and Emperor Qianlong was honored as the ancestor of the emperor Wen Hui and the imperial concubine. He died in thirty-three years at the age of eighty-six. Have a daughter, yeah. She is also the oldest princess in Kangxi.

Huang Hui Guifei (1668—— 1743), Tong Jiashi, sister of the filial piety queen. In the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi, he was a noble lady. In Yongzheng, he was honored as the imperial concubine, and in Qianlong, he was honored as the emperor Shouqi and the imperial concubine. Gan Long was eight years old and died at the age of seventy-six. After his death, he became an imperial concubine.

Wang Shi Tai Fei Shunyi Mi. At first she was a secret princess, and later she was named a secret princess. The third son, Yun Kun, Yun Lu and Yun Zhou, died at the age of eight.

Chun Chen. At the beginning, she was a diligent princess and was honored as a diligent princess by Yongzheng. A son, allowing gifts.

Item (? -1746), Gao, daughter of Gao Tingxiu. On June 28th, 11th year of Qianlong, he died over forty years old. A son, a promise and a daughter died when they were young.

Sincerely, Sehetu (1698—— 1739) is the daughter of Lang Duoji. Gan Long died on March 6, 2004 at the age of 4 1. A son, you are allowed.

Static wives, stones (? —— 1758)。 A son, Yun Qi.

Western Han Dynasty, Chen (? -1737)' s daughter died in the second day of the first month of the second year of Qianlong (Liu thought she was the prototype of the dead old lady in A Dream of Red Mansions), when she was over forty years old. A son, Yunxi.

Mu Kun, Chen (? -1727), the daughter of Chen Qishan, who is in her thirties. Son, you're allowed.

Wen Xi, imperial concubine, Niu Luzi (? -1694), a native of Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, was the sister of Empress Xiao Zhao, the imperial concubine of the twentieth year of Kangxi, and died on the third day of November in the thirty-third year. A son, allow me, a daughter, die young.

Hui Fei, Nora's (? -1732), the daughter of a doctor, Solho, first became an ordinary princess. In the sixteenth year of Kangxi, the book was a record; Twenty years of huifei. The seventh day of April in Yongzheng ten years. When I was 70. The second sons are Cheng Qing and Yi Yun.

Fei Yi, Guo Luoloche (? -1733), a native of Zhenghuang Banner, Manchuria, the daughter of three officials. Kangxi sixteen years book is appropriate; Twenty is a suitable princess. August 25th, 11th year of Yongzheng. When I was 70. The third son, Yun Qi, Shao Yun and Shao Yun.

Rong Fei, Ma Jiashi (? -1727), daughter of Langgaishan outside Yuan Dynasty. Kangxi sixteen years book, a glorious; Been a princess for twenty years. He died on the sixth day of March in the fifth year of Yongzheng. When I was 70. There are five sons and one daughter, only of whom are adults, and one daughter is married to Ur Zhou.

The nobleman Guo Luoluo, Fei Yi's sister, was born in Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, and gave birth to the daughters of six emperors and the sons of nineteen emperors (Yu Yu). The year of death is unknown.

Hui Fei, Boldin Kit (? -1670), the daughter of Ayuxi, the third-class duke of Horqin, was elected to the palace when she was a child, but she was not canonized. She died on April 12th, 9th year of Kangxi. On the ninth day of May, Hui Fei was crowned.

Ping Fei, Heserihara (? -1696), the sister of Empress Xiao Chengren, a native of Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, is the daughter of Gongga Bula, the minister in charge of guards. When she was young, she spent several years in the palace. Kangxi was born in Ji Yun in the 30th year, and died on June 20th in the 30th year. That month, she was named Princess Ping by posthumous title.

Liang Fei, Wechsler (? -17 1 1), the coating man of Huangzheng Banner in Manchuria, the daughter of Abu Nai, the leader of the inner tube. When the Prince was abolished, the Eight Emperors were elected as the Crown Prince by his ministers, which was deeply disliked by his father. Kangxi once said: "(The eight emperors of the emperor) were born to Xin Zheku's bitch." Xin Zheku means "people in charge of food and rations", that is, slaves under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. After the conviction of the officials of the Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty, my family and I were put into the sinner's library, which became a symbol that slaves wore sin as punishment. Only when Wei's own ancestors had similar experiences did they become Xin Zheku's sin book. She was probably the humblest of all the concubines in the Qing Dynasty. Under this condition, she can only act as a maid-in-waiting and do some heavy work. The chances of contact with the emperor are naturally much less than those of other maids. But she was taken in by the emperor and gave birth to a prince, which shows that she is a beautiful and outstanding woman with excellent conditions. In the Secret History of Palace Etiquette in the 13th Dynasty of Qing Dynasty, the old man in Yanbei said, "The beauty of a palace is unparalleled" and "there is a strange smell on his body that can't be washed away", although "the saliva contains a fragrance". These legends are not credible, but at least they reflect that Webster is indeed a beautiful and outstanding woman, famous not only in the palace, but also among the people. In the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi, she and Guaerjia (Dunyi Guifei) were conferred concubines. Kangxi died 50 years ago on 1 1 20th, at the age of 40.

Imperial concubine of Xuan, Bojinjit (? -1736), daughter of Prince Durkheim and Ta of Horqin, niece of the emperor shunzhi who mourned the princess. Kangxi's cousin. In December of the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi, he was canonized as Imperial concubine of Xuan. On the first day of August of the first year of Qianlong, he was in Feng 'an on September 21st of the second year.

Cheng Fei and Dai Jiashi (? -1740), a native of Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, the daughter of treasurer Zhuoqi, entered the palace as a concubine. Kangxi gave birth to seven sons in nineteen years. In December of the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi, she was crowned as a princess. Gan Long died five years ago on130, at the age of 70. March 24th, Qianlong six years, Feng 'an. Yunyou, the seventh son of the emperor, was born with a disability (lame leg). In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi, he was named Baylor. In the forty-eighth year, he was promoted to King of Chun County. In April of the first year of Yongzheng, he was promoted to Prince. In April of eight years, the year of death was 5 1, which was called "degree".

Shunyi Mifei, Wang Shi (? —— 1744), the daughter of a magistrate, Suzhou native Huang (1640—— 1709), may be the woman brought back to the palace during the second southern tour in the 28th year of Kangxi. Kangxi entered the palace for more than twenty years, when he was about sixteen or seventeen. Fifteen emperors were born in 32 years, sixteen emperors in 34 years and eighteen emperors in 40 years (died at the age of eight). In December of the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi, she was canonized as a secret nunnery. In June of the second year of Yongzheng, she was honored as the imperial concubine of Shunyi in November of the first year of Qianlong. She died of illness on October 16, nine years ago at the age of 70. On the same day of the following year, Feng 'an.

, Chen (? -1754), a native of Zhenghuang Banner, Manchuria, the daughter of Chen Min, a second-class bodyguard. In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi, Prince Guo Yi, the seventeenth son of the emperor, was given a big gift. In the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi, he was conferred the title of diligent princess. In February of the fourth year of Yongzheng, she was honored as a princess. In November of the first year of Qianlong, she was honored as a pure and diligent imperial concubine. On December 20, the eighteenth year of Qianlong, he was in his sixties. Kou was ordered to pick tassels and offer wine to salute. 19 April 20th, Feng 'an.

Xi Jian, Hesailihara (? -1702), the daughter of Lai Bei (a word with Lai above and Bei below). August 22nd, 16th year of Kangxi, Shunuo, September 41st year of Kangxi, and February 9th, 44th year of Kangxi. 40 years old or above.

Duan Qirui, Dong Shi, daughter of Yuan Wailang Dong Daqi. Kangxi gave birth to the emperor and two daughters in the tenth year, 16 August 22, Volume 7. The year of death is unknown, over 60 years old. On the ninth day of September in the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi, Feng 'an.

Static wives, stones (? -1758), Shi Huaiyu's daughter. Kangxi was born with twenty-three sons on November 28th, fifty-two years, and was canonized as a scholar by Yong Zhengdi in December, sixty-one. In the first year of Qianlong, Qianlong was honored as the emperor's ancestral temple, and he died at the age of 60 at the beginning of June 23. March 22nd of the following year, Feng 'an.

An Jin, Shi Li, the Han army is the blue flag, and was conferred in August of the sixteenth year of Kangxi. He died around Yongzheng at the age of 60.

In August of the 16th year of Kangxi, Jin Jing was canonized as Wang Jiashi. He died around Yongzheng at the age of 60.

Noble person, Zhao Jiashi (that is, cloth noble person,? -17 17), Emperor Kangxi gave birth to five daughters and Princess Shuoduanjing on the sixth day of May in the thirteenth year, and died on the eleventh day of the first month of the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi at the age of 60.

Noble person, Yuan Shi, was born on May 27th, 28th year of Kangxi, and the six daughters of the Emperor and Princess Jing Ke were born on July 23rd, 22nd year of Kangxi, in Yu Yun (near the sign), with an unknown date of death.

A noble person, Nora.

Noble person, Chen, the fifteenth son of Kangxi granted help on the third day of February 57 (beside the word), and the year of his death is unknown.

Noble, easy (? -1728), died in April of Yongzheng six years, at the age of 70.

Shu Fei, Niulu, Manchu. On November 19th, the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, the emperor gave birth to twenty daughters. The year of death is unknown.

Zhang, Han nationality. Hiuke's eldest daughter on November 26th, the seventh year of Kangxi, and Hiuke's four daughters on February 10th, the thirteenth year. The year of death is unknown.

, Wang, Han nationality. Sixteen girls were born on October 21st in the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi. The year of death is unknown.

Liu, Han nationality. In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi, seventeen women were born, and the year of death is unknown.

Kangxi's favorite child in history

The one who loved his son the most was Prince Yin Ren, and the empress of filial piety, Hersai Rihara, died because of Yin Ren. Emperor Kangxi was very sad and gave all his love to the queen. Kangxi's love for Crown Prince Yin Ren can be described as "unprecedented, and no one came after", which has involved a very absurd degree. The crown prince can have whatever he wants. As long as Kangxi can satisfy his son, even the stars in the sky can't wait to pick them up and give them to him. Kangxi indulged in connivance everywhere, which was simply appeasing and nurturing traitors. Take good care of him and train him yourself. Yin Yong has picked up many bad habits. Kangxi not only blamed him, but also blamed the people around him for bringing his son down. Thus, a good prince was sent to a dead end: the prince became bad, so bad that he stopped doing it. Yin Yong is moody and often talks back to his father, but Kangxi is not angry at all, unless he can't bear it, and Yin Yong is as well-fed as Kangxi. Even Kangxi called him "the second emperor" ... In fact, Kangxi's love for the Crown Prince is far more than that, so I won't list them one by one.

Kangxi also loved Yin Zuo, the son of Wu Yashi, the filial queen, and the sixth son of Emperor Kangxi. In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), he was born on the fifth day of February. Kangxi died on May 14th, 24th year. The filial mother respects benevolence and is known as a virtuous (martial) scholar. Kangxi died in the twenty-fourth year.

Ginza's biological mother is Yong Zhengdi's biological mother, Wu Yashi, who is Yongzheng's half-brother, but died at the age of six, so the historical materials are unknown.

However, although he died at the age of six, there are few historical materials, but we can also get some information from his name.

Looking at the family affairs of emperors in past dynasties, only two people spoke of this word when the prince was born, and both of them were from the Qing Dynasty. One is the emperor shunzhi's fourth son, written by Dong Eshi, the imperial concubine of the emperor. You are familiar with Dong E. Shunzhi can marry his brother's daughter-in-law, regardless of Han ethics, not afraid of being labeled as incest, which shows how much he loves her. As soon as the child was born, he was named Prince Heshuo Zuo, apparently the fourth son. Shunzhi called the child "my first son" in front of sourdrang dowager and imperial secretary, which also set a precedent for the Qing Dynasty prince to be a crown prince as soon as he was born. However, Prince Zuo died in March, and Xiao Zhuang forced Shunzhi to change the name of his dead son and entered the mausoleum on the grounds of state responsibility. The second is the sixth son of Emperor Kangxi, Ginza, who was born to Wu Yashi, the filial piety queen. When I read Kangxi's daily registration, I found a very interesting question, that is, when emperors sang praises for themselves, they always habitually said, "Since they inherited the Great Unification and assumed the country." . It can be seen that "Ginza" is a word, not just the name of a prince. Similar to the four sons of Shunzhi and Prince Shuowang, they have the idea of entrusting this son to the country. Generally speaking, Shunzhi loves me, love my dog. After all, everyone knows the story of Dong E Fei, but what I want to talk about is the relationship between Kangxi and De Wu Fei Ya Shi. The German princess Wu Yashi gave birth to six children, three men and three women. When Tong Jiashi, the imperial concubine, was idle, Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Yong Zhengdi, was born less than ten days ago, and changed from the name of Wu Yashi to the adopted son of Tong Jiashi. Therefore, Ginza, the sixth son of the Yellow Emperor, is the real eldest son of Emperor Kangxi and Princess De. None of the three sons of De Fei is simple! Old four, everyone knows, Yong Zhengdi! Although Lao Liu died at the age of six, his name was Ewing. He won't die, and he will be a figure in the future. The remaining 14 are not ordinary, the famous General Wang! Why are all three sons of Princess De so outstanding? I think this is where everyone should think! Because this woman is not simple! She is probably the favorite woman of Emperor Kangxi. If not, Kangxi would not learn from his father's attitude towards Dong 'e in Shunzhi. Emperor Liu Zi sealed his son as soon as he was born! You are just a country. In feudal times, don't even think about it. The message is that this son must be Chu Jun, that is to say, if willow is not dead, he will be the most likely prince to inherit the throne, otherwise the word Liu in his name will be called in vain, and Kangxi's mind will be put in vain!

Kangxi's most painful daughter is Princess Wenxian of Gulun.

Princess Gu Lun Wen Xian (that is, Princess He Shuo Wen Xian) (1683- 1702), the ninth daughter of Emperor Kangxi, was born on September 22nd, 22nd year of Kangxi. His mother is Wu Yashi, the concubine of Kangxi and the filial piety queen. She and her fourth son, Yin Zhen, are the same mother, with fourteen sons, six sons, seven daughters and twelve daughters. In the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi (1700), at the age of 18, she was named Princess Wenxian of Heshuo and married Tongshun Anyan. Shun is the grandson of Tong Guowei. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi, Yun Si became a party member, so he was dismissed, kept at home, and later released. In the second year of Yongzheng (1624), the Governor's Office was in charge of the Third Order Class, and was awarded the post of Secretary of the Chinese Book of the Guards. He died of. The princess died in July of the forty-first year of Kangxi (1702) at the age of 20. In March of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), she was posthumously awarded as Princess Wen Xian of Gu Lun.

According to the decree, Wen Xian is the ninth daughter of the emperor, that is, the fifth princess. (nine princess's statement is wrong! )

The queen mother's support

Wen Xian was brought up by Empress Dowager Xiaohui since childhood. He is loved not only by his grandmother, but also by his father.

In the list of pigs, geese and chickens for the Empress Dowager, Prince and Princess. , (selected from Manchu Zhu Pi in Kangxi Dynasty) Thanks to Ji Gu Forum! ) On the supply of princesses, Princess Jing Ke and Princess Yunchun both had only four catties of pork (the other princesses were smaller), while Princess Wenxian had to add "half goose and one chicken" instead of five catties of pork ... (I wonder if Wenxian's early death was due to indigestion ... Lao Kang ... but it can also be seen that Kangxi must have liked this daughter very much.

[Editing this paragraph] I can't help boasting about my talent.

Wen Xian has received a good education since he was a child, and Wen Xian is also very smart. Later, Princess Wen Xian's eulogy (selected from The Imperial Code) said:

"The second princess showed her beauty, opened her eyes to see Yinhan, and raised her from infancy. Every time I love you, I will live a rich life, and every day I will not go against it. He was taught at a young age, wise and successful, self-satisfied with his poems and books, and harmonious with history. It is said that my husband's birthday was blessed by Ji Yong, and my husband was hired as the home of Yuanjiu, loving and comforting him. "

The word "smart" rarely appears in women's books and eulogies, which is very rare. I have met Princess Heshuo and Hui (adopted daughter of Yongzheng, still reflected in the title). The words "wisdom and success" and "self-pleasing poetry" can appear in Wen Xian's eulogy, not only because Kangxi wants to comfort the queen mother, but also because Wen Xian is brilliant and deserves such a high evaluation. It is precisely from this that she is called "poor and talented".

A match made in heaven.

It's not too late for Wen Xian to get married among princesses. Among the eight princesses married by Kangxi, Wenxian was sealed at the age of eighteen and was recognized as Princess Wenxian. Because Wen Xian married Manchu, not Mongolian aristocrats or aristocrats in other remote places, it is much easier to choose a son-in-law among many excellent Manchu boys, and there are many suitable candidates. Wen Xian's Princess House (married residence) is in Beijing because she married a deeply rooted child's family. Close to father, close to grandmother, close to mother. She married Shun, the son of former undertaker Ye, and the grandson of Tong Guowei after the Tong family. At that time, she was called "Tong Banchao". Six of the eight married princesses have married in Mongolia or Tibet, and these princesses will never see their parents again. But Wen Xian is not like this, perhaps because Kangxi and Empress Dowager Xiaohui couldn't bear to marry Wen Xian so far away. Another princess, Ji Jing, not far from Mongolia, married Sun Yuncheng, a Han Chinese. Ji Jing's mother, Yuan, is a Han Chinese and the only nobleman, so Ji Jing must be very popular with her father, because she is the youngest daughter of Kangxi. I think her marriage can also be regarded as a kind of Manchu-Chinese marriage. After all, Kangxi, as the Manchu emperor guarding the country, should handle the relationship between Manchu and Han. Sun Yuncheng is not only a first-class man, but also a first-class male title to attack. As for Wenxian's marriage, she married Manchu Shun and Xiao Yiren's family, but in fact Shun was also the nephew of Emperor Kangxi. (Kangxi and Xiaoyi are cousins) Still married in Beijing, not only because of the support of the Queen Mother, but also because of Kangxi's love for Wen Xian. Therefore, Wen Xian's marriage will not have any political elements like her sister. but ...

Jealous beauty

Unfortunately, Wen Xian was married for only two years, and Emperor Kangxi served the Empress Dowager and went to Jehol Palace for the summer. Empress Dowager Cixi took the married Princess Wenxian. As a result, the old lady was fine on the road, but Princess Wenxian fell down due to heatstroke. At the age of 20.

Forty-one years of Kangxi. Renwu Autumn in July of the 11th year of Lu Yingong.

Go to Jehol. Wen Heshuo, Princess Wen Xian. Didn't eat at noon. The ministers of the attendants said that the emperor had heard that the princess had offered her condolences, and he had not eaten yet, fearing that Saint Gonta would be tired. I can forgive the princess. The princess is a married daughter, but Empress Dowager Cixi was raised from a young age. Suddenly, because of this change, Empress Dowager Cixi was injured and the meal had not yet arrived, so I had no heart to eat. Ministers responded to this request. Go to Tai Hou Gong, after dinner. Then eat. With the imperial edict, I led the ministers of the Guards, one on the left and one on the right, and ten Guards sent the princess back to Beijing.

Xinhai. Order the ministers, civil and military officials, and send Princess Wenxian to set out. -Holy Father's record.

In the first year of Yongzheng, in March, Princess Heshuo Wenxian was posthumously awarded as Princess Gu Lun Wenxian.

In fact, Kangxi loved his daughters very much, but the most painful thing was Princess Wen Xian of Gulun. Many of Kangxi's daughters were married to Mongolia, and only Princess Wenxian of Gulun stayed with her. Can't say that Kangxi doesn't love other daughters. In fact, this is the art of emperors. The ruling foundation of the Qing Dynasty largely benefited from the stability of Mongolia. On the one hand, Mongolia can be regarded as a powerful barrier for Russia, on the other hand, it can stabilize the ruling foundation of the Qing Dynasty in the whole country. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty gave priority to caressing Mongolia, supplemented by repression. History also proves that the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to the rule of Mongolia. For example, the emperors before the Qing Dynasty paid special attention to the Mongolian problem in the west of the desert, and it was not completely solved until the middle of Qianlong, which was very beneficial for the Qing Dynasty to strengthen border defense. In addition, it also reflects the so-called Huairou policy of the Qing rulers, which strengthened their ideological control over Mongolia. In addition, the relationship between the rulers and Mongolia before the Qing dynasty entered the customs and other factors.

Kangxi also hurt Princess Gu Lun Rong Xian.