Please ~ I want to ask about the crystal ~

Shi Ying crystal is a colorless and transparent large-scale timely crystal mineral. Its main chemical composition is silicon dioxide. The chemical formula is silicon dioxide. Crystal is colorless, purple, yellow, green and smoky. Glass luster. Transparent to translucent. Hardness 7. Sexually fragile. No cleavage. Crystal density: 2.56-2.66g/cm3. Refractive index of crystal: 1.544- 1.553, which is almost within this range. Crystal dispersion: 0.0 13. The melting point of the crystal is 17 13℃.

detailed description

(1). Colorless and transparent crystallization time. It is a precious ore with less output. It was called "water jade" and "water essence" in ancient times.

Zi Tongzhi Jian, Two Years of Emperor Gaozu's Fu in the Late Jin Dynasty: "The Wei Zi Palace was built by the Lord of Fujian and decorated with crystals." "The ancient and modern novel Li Gongzi was satisfied with saving the snake": "The utensils are all made of glass, crystal, amber and agate, which are unique and not owned by the world." Preface to Selected Poems of Ai Qing: "Meditate on the shape of flower dew and love the quality of crystal."

(2). Refers to crystal clear objects.

"All Tang Poems" Volume Bai Xuege in 785: "Birds peck at the jade mirror in the ice pond, and the wind knocks on the eaves to slip the crystal." Wei's poem "Night Banquet in the Western Suburb" reads: "Cold and cold contain ice brains, and cherries fall into crystals."

(3) Yu's Bright Moonlight.

Hong Sheng's Song of the Immortal Palace in the Qing Dynasty: "The cold toad has just risen to the high shelf, and the curtain rolls to smell the wind and reflect the crystal." The words in Chen Weisong's "The Heritage Atlas of Bodhisattva Man Titing Qingxi" in the Qing Dynasty: "I still remember to hide and seek, and the crystal courtyard is cool."

Basic attribute

physicochemical property

1, hardness: [2] Mohs hardness 7, which is equivalent to the hardness of a steel file.

2. cleavage: no. Cleavage refers to the property that minerals crack regularly in a certain direction to form a smooth plane when they are hit. According to cleavage degree, it can be divided into five categories: extreme perfect cleavage, perfect cleavage, moderate cleavage, imperfect cleavage and no cleavage, and crystal belongs to no cleavage.

3. Fracture: Shell-shaped. Fracture is also called fracture. It refers to the irregular fracture of minerals after being hit, and the irregular fracture surface is called fracture. According to the fracture shape, it can be divided into shell-shaped and serrated.

4. Specific gravity: The specific gravity of the crystal is 2.56-2.66g/cm3. The weight of crystal with the same volume is 2.56-2.66 times that of water with the same volume, and the density of bulk crystal may be slightly higher. [ 1]

5, streaks: colorless. The color of mineral powder is called stripes. It can eliminate false colors, weaken other colors and keep its own color, which is one of the more reliable identification features than mineral colors.

6. Transparency: transparent and translucent. The transparency of minerals is called transparency. The transparency standard of crystal is that when light passes through crystal fragments or slices with a thickness greater than 1 cm, the reflected image can be clearly seen. If the bottom image is not clear enough and only the outline is seen, it is translucent.

7, luster: glass luster. Gloss refers to the ability of mineral surface to reflect light. To observe the luster of a crystal, you can hold it in your hand and look at the surface reflection through the light projected by a lamp or window. The brightness of transparent crystal is related to its luster.

8. Refractive index: The refractive index of the crystal is 1.544- 1.553, which hardly exceeds this range. Refractive index refers to the ratio of sine of incident angle to sine of refraction angle when light penetrates into gem crystal from air and produces refraction phenomenon.

9. Crystal melting point: the crystal melting point is 17 13℃.

chemical composition

Crystal and ordinary sand are substances that "come out of the womb together". When the silicon dioxide crystal is perfect, it is a crystal; Silica becomes agate after gelatinization and dehydration; Water-containing silica gel becomes opal after solidification; When the particle size of silica is less than several microns, chalcedony, flint and secondary quartzite are formed.

Pure colorless and transparent crystal is a variety of seasonable. The chemical composition contains 46.7% silicon and 53.3% oxygen. Because it contains different mixtures or mechanical mixtures, it has many colors. Purple and green are caused by iron (Fe2+) ions, purple can also be caused by titanium (Ti4+), and other colors are caused by color centers. The crystals contain sandy and fragmented goethite, hematite, rutile, magnetite, garnet and chlorite. Hair crystals are formed by inclusions containing hairy needle-like minerals visible to the naked eye. Containing manganese and iron is called amethyst; Iron (golden or lemon) is called topaz; Rose color containing manganese and titanium is called rose time, that is, pink crystal; Smoke color is called smoke crystal; Brown is called tea crystal; Black and transparent are called ink crystals.