Xia, Shang and Zhou emperors

Xia Dynasty was the formation period of slave society in China and the first dynasty period in China history.

There were 17 kings in the Xia dynasty, of which 13 died of illness due to lack of historical materials; King 1 starved to death after national subjugation; The king who committed suicide1; The king who died after being taken away from the National Government1; As a puppet, 1 Wang died of grief.

Yu

Yu, surnamed Si, first name, also known as Dayu, Di Yu. The year of birth and death is unknown. He was abdicated by Shun, the founder of Xia Dynasty. After eight years in office, he died from overwork, and it is said that he lived to 100 years old. Buried in Huiji Mountain.

Yu is the son of Gun, a tribal leader, and is said to be the great-grandson of Zhuan Xu. After the failure of water control, Gun was executed in Yushan, and Shun ordered Yu to continue water control. Yu is smart, hardworking, kind and trustworthy, and can set an example. He learned the lesson of his father's failure in water control, and after field investigation, he adopted the method of dredging and waterlogging control.

In order to facilitate water control, Dayu also divided the whole area into nine states: Hebei, Yanzhou, Qinghai, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang and Yong.

Dayu personally led more than 200,000 flood control people and launched an arduous flood diversion work in an all-round way. In addition to directing, Dayu also personally participated in labor, setting an example for the masses. Holding a wooden shovel (similar in shape to today's shovel), I stayed up all night and worked tirelessly. It took thirteen years to finally subdue the flood.

In the process of 13 flood fighting, Dayu searched his house for three times and refused to enter. When I passed the house for the first time, I heard his wife groaning during childbirth and the baby crying. The assistant suggested that he go in and have a look. He didn't go in for fear of delaying water control. When he passed the house for the second time, his son waved to him in his wife's arms. This is a tense time for the project. He just waved, said hello and went over. When I passed the house for the third time, my son was over 10, so I ran to pull him home. Dayu fondled his son's head lovingly and told him that he left in a hurry without going home before the water was cured. Dayu didn't go home for three times, and was called a beautiful talk, which is still praised by people today.

Yu Xia's spirit and achievements in water control made him very popular and was chosen as the heir of Yanhuang tribe. After Shun's death, he succeeded Shun.

As for Yu Daishun as the leader, there is another saying that Yu and his son have the same method of water control, and they all use the method of filling; The power of water control is also said by father and son; Yu Yu was in the same position, and three generations died together. In terms of water control, there is no difference between the two, and there is no distinction between advantages and disadvantages. Gun was afraid of being killed, so he chose Yu as the leader for political reasons.

By the time of Tang Yu, the patriarchal society had developed to the later stage. On the historical stage at that time, Yao and Shun were representatives of conservative forces, while guns were representatives of emerging forces. What Gun did was to destroy the ancient customs and institutions of clan society. In particular, he threatened the democratic system of the ethnic parliament with violence, tried to replace it, and finally angered Yao and authorized Shun to shoot him.

Learn from the painful lesson of killing your father and become smart and cunning. He was "modest but not arrogant", respectful and obedient, and finally won the trust of Shun, who gave up his position to him.

After Yu became a leader, he remained loyal to his duties, diligent and thrifty, and worked hard. He attached importance to the farming season and devoted himself to the interests of the valley, and his political power also expanded from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin. Yu lived in Yangzhai (now Yu County, Henan Province).

According to historical records, at that time, the army, officials, punishment, prisons and other public powers were already available, indicating that an early country had emerged in China at this time. Legend has it that in order to commemorate the victory over the flood, Yu cast nine cauldrons from copper mines produced in Kyushu at that time, and carved exotic birds and animals to represent Kyushu, which became a symbol of state power in the future.

In his later years, Yu sought the advice of tribal leaders and chose to be his heir. Unfortunately, Hao Tao was defeated and Hao Tao's son Boyi was elected.

In the eighth year of Yu's reign, he called tribal leaders to Miaoshan (now Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province) for a rally. Everyone arrived as scheduled and presented their respective tributes to Yu. Yu ordered his men to count the tributes. Therefore, later generations renamed Miaoshan as Huiji Mountain. Only one southern tribal leader (in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province) was late for the rally. In great anger, Fang always used his strength to harass others, so he dragged him down, listed his crimes and put him to death.

After the meeting, Yu became ill from overwork, but he still took care of his illness. In August this year, he died in Huiji Mountain. According to his usual frugal style, the minister buried him in Huiji Mountain (now Huiji Mountain in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), with only three collars and three thin coffins.

People also built Dayu's mausoleum, Xia Yuling, to commemorate his great achievements.

begin

Qi, according to history, the year of birth and death is unknown, summer. After his death, he succeeded to the throne, becoming the first person in the history of China to change from "abdication" to "hereditary". After 9 years in office, he died of illness and was buried near Anyi.

Rev, mother painted rocks. There is a legend in Qu Yuan's Tian Wen that Yu toured the flood and traveled all over the world. On one occasion, he met Tu Shanshi by chance in Taiwan Province and separated immediately. The pregnant Tushanshi girl died after giving birth to Monday morning quarterback. So Kay was born without a mother and was a bitter child. After Yu's death, Qi destroyed the abdication system, captured the throne by himself, and established the first dynasty in China history-Xia. From then on, the primitive society ended, the slave society began, and Qi became the first emperor in the history of our country (some historians believe that Yu was the first emperor). Give up Yangzhai, move west to Daxia (now Fenhui Valley) and establish Anyi (west of the county this summer).

After the State of Qi seized the throne, it killed Boyi, the heir of Yu, and established a hereditary family system, which spread to the whole country. The Youhu tribe with the same surname as Qi (now Huxian County, Shaanxi Province) refused to accept it and encouraged soldiers to attack, which was defeated by Youhu. In order to win the hearts of the people, Kay was strict with himself and lived a simple life. He also respects the old and loves the young, and appoints talents. Then, with the support of the people, they sent troops again to attack and destroy the Youhu family and consolidate the throne. After that, he rebelled against his previous style, and his life became corrupt, drinking, singing, dancing and hunting all day. Legend has it that he once created a large-scale music and dance called Jiu Shao.

When Qi is old, sons compete fiercely for inheritance. The youngest son, the military attache (said to be the younger brother), was exiled to the west bank of the Yellow River (now Dai Yi, Shaanxi) because of the fiercest struggle. Wu Guan gathered people to revolt, and the State of Qi sent general Peng Boshou to lead troops to defeat him and take him to see the State of Qi. Wu Guan had to plead guilty and admit defeat. Soon, Kay died of debauchery.

Taikang

Taikang, the year of birth and death is unknown, and the eldest son is born. Inheritance after illness and death. In fact, he was in office for only two years (nominally 29 years). Because he ignored civil affairs, he took away state affairs for Hou Yi when hunting in the north bank of Luoshui. He died of illness and was buried in Yang Xia (now west of Taikang County, Henan Province).

Taikang, he played with his father since he was a child. After he ascended the throne, his life was more corrupt than Kay's, and he only cared about drinking and hunting, not politics.

On one occasion, he took his family and cronies to the north bank of Luoshui for hunting. If you don't come back for more than three months, everything will be abandoned and people's grievances will boil. Houyi, the leader of Dongyi tribe (in the north of Dezhou, Shandong Province), captured Anyi, the capital of Xia Dynasty. Taikang came back happily with his prey. When I walked to the shore of Luoshui, I saw that there were heavy guards on the other side, and I quickly sent people across the river to inquire. Only then did I know that Hou Yi wouldn't let him go back to Beijing. The tribal leaders were dissatisfied with Taikang's absurdity and were afraid of Hou Yi's strength, so no one came to help. Taikang regretted it and had to build a tucheng in Yang Xia and live there. History says "Taikang lost his country"

When the fifth brother of Taikang saw that his eldest brother could not return to Beijing, he accompanied his mother to the south bank of Luoshui, and waited hard, but never waited. The five brothers wrote a song to commemorate the merits and virtues of their grandfather Yu, and poured out their sadness. This song is the famous Wuzi Song in Shangshu. The main idea of the lyrics is:

Our ancestor Dayu once taught his descendants that the people are the foundation of the country, and only when it is fundamentally stable can the country be peaceful. A monarch should be diligent in political affairs and govern the world with his heart. If he is greedy for wine, lustful for hunting, or builds pavilions and palaces, then as long as he has one, he will lose the hearts of the people and lead to national subjugation. In memory of our ancestor Dayu the Great, he, as the king of all nations, managed the world in an orderly way and made the people live and work in peace. What a wise monarch he is! Today's Taikang did not listen to the instructions of our ancestors, neglected political affairs, made the people hate us, overthrew the dynasty created by our ancestors, and left us in a miserable situation. Taikang, you made a big mistake. How painful our hearts are!

Twenty-seven years later, Taikang died in Yang Xia.

Zhong Kang

Zhong Kang, whose birth and death date is unknown, is Taikang's younger brother. Later, he deposed Taikang and made him king. /kloc-died in 0/3 and was buried near Anyi (now Xichixia Village, Xia County, Shanxi Province).

After Hou Yi deposed Taikang, Zhong Kang was made king. Zhong Kang was nominally in power for 13 years, but actually he was still under the dictatorship of Hou Yi. Zhong Kang is not willing to be a puppet, but is bent on regaining power. He sent Yin Hou, the great Sima, to conquer Yi He, a party member of Hou Yi, in an attempt to weaken the influence of Hou Yi. In the end, due to his poor strength, he was placed under house arrest by Hou Yi and could not resume his summer vacation. Zhong Kang died of depression and disease. Buried near Anyi.

mutually

Phase, the year of birth and death is unknown, Zhong Kangzi. After his death, Zhong Kang succeeded to the throne. In 28 years, he was drowned by Han Zhuo's son and buried in Diqiu (now Puyang County, Henan Province).

He was still very young when he succeeded to the throne. Due to the promotion of Hou Yi, he had to flee to Diqiu and move to Jiaoguan (now Shouguang County, Shandong Province). In the eighth year after his accession to the throne, Hou Yi was killed by Han Zhuo, his assistant, his protege and personal bodyguard Pang Meng, because he relied on force, did not repair civil affairs and enjoyed hunting every day. Then Han Zhuo sent his son to attack Guan Fu. The troops were weak, so we had to flee to Diqiu again. At this time, Xiang has conquered tribes such as Feng Yi and so on. Soon, he came to the court and obeyed Xiang's orders.

In the second year, the water led the troops to attack Diqiu. Broke into the city overnight and killed Xiang's residence. Seeing that it was difficult to get away, he drew his sword and killed himself.

After his death, Han Biao usurped the throne and interrupted the Xia Dynasty for 40 years.

Shao Kang

Shao Kang, also known as Du Kang. The year of birth and death is unknown. Xiangzi attacked and killed Han Zhuo and revived the Xia Dynasty. In 2 1 year, he died of illness and was buried in Yang Xia.

A posthumous son Shao Kang. Shao Kang was not born when Xiang was forced to commit suicide. At that time, regardless of the grief of losing her mother and the dignity of the queen, Hou Yi, the mother-in-law, quickly climbed out of the dog hole with the maid-in-waiting and fled to her family's Rang tribe (now southeast of Jinan City, Shandong Province). The following year, Shao Kang was born.

Shao Kang was very clever since he was a child. After he first learned about personnel, his mother told him the painful experience of his ancestors' loss of their country and told him to avenge himself in the future and revive the Xia Dynasty. From then on, he was determined to win back the world. He first served as an officer in charge of animal husbandry under his grandfather. He usually learns the skills of leading troops to fight whenever he has the chance, and always keeps alert to prevent Han Zhuo from killing him. Soon, Han Jue's son Shui sent troops to search for Shao Kang, and Shao Kang fled to a tribe called You Yu (now Yucheng East, Henan Province). Yu, the leader of the Yu family, made him a grain administrator, learned how to manage money, married his daughter, and gave him a piece of fertile land called Lun, 65,438+00 Li and 500 soldiers, so Shao Kang had a base area and an army. Shao Kang observed the sufferings of the people, publicized the merits and demerits of his ancestors, strived to win people's support for his revival of the old country, and called a meeting of the old ministers of Xia Dynasty.

At that time, there was a man named Mi, who was the vassal of Xiang. After Han Jue seized the throne, he fled to a tribe called You's (now Old Deping County, Shandong Province), gathered in exile, gathered strength, and waited for an opportunity to revive the Xia Dynasty. At the call of Shao Kang, he first sent his own soldiers to join hands with the revengers to search for irrigation, and joined Shao Kang to make Shao Kang king of Xia.

Shao Kang first sent his son Ji Xun to destroy Han Zhuo's second son Gao Yi to weaken the enemy's strength. He also sent the general's daughter Ai to find out the truth about the dumping. When everything was ready, he sent his troops from Lun, all the way like bamboo, conquered the old capital, killed Han Zhuo, regained the throne, and made Yang Xia his capital.

Shao Kang has experienced hardships since childhood. After the restoration of the country, he can be diligent and pay attention to credit. Under his rule, the world was stable, the culture flourished, and the tribes supported it, and the Xia Dynasty flourished again, which was called "Shao Kang Zhongxing" in history. Therefore, Shao Kang is an effective king.

From "Taikang lost its country" to "Shao Kang rejuvenating", it was about a hundred years before and after. If the establishment of Xia Dynasty was the earliest "prosperous time" in China, Xia Qi was the lean man who built the country by power, and Taikang was the earliest "bad king". It was not until Shao Kang returned to Beijing that the Xia Dynasty entered the situation of "rule" and "prosperity", and the situation of ZTE appeared.

In his later years, Shao Kang sealed the illegitimate child to Yue (now Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province) to worship the tomb of Dayu, which was the beginning of Yue.

2 1 year later, Shao Kang died and was buried in Yang Xia.

reed

Jiyi, also known as Jiyi. The year of birth and death is unknown. Shao Kang. Shao Kang succeeded to the throne after his death. /kloc-died in 0/7 and was buried near Anyi.

He was clever and capable, and helped his father Shao Kang destroy the Han family and revive the Xia Dynasty. During his reign, he invented armor made of animal skin. Soldiers wearing it can shield the enemy from cutting and shooting stone knives and arrows, and their combat effectiveness is greatly enhanced. He continued to fight against Dongyi tribes until he reached the East China Sea, further expanding the territory of Xia Dynasty, and finally Dongyi surrendered. He is regarded by Xia people as a great soldier who can inherit Dayu's career.

Zhu moved to Duyuan (near Jiyuan County, Henan Province) and Laoqiu (near Chenliu County, Henan Province).

In office/kloc-died after 0/7 years.

China Scholar Tree

Huai, works by Di Fen. The year of birth and death is unknown. Ziyi died of illness and succeeded to the throne for 26 years. She died of illness and was buried near Anyi.

During his reign in Huaishang, he conquered the Yi, Yi, Huang, Bai, Chi, Xuan, Feng and nine tribes living between Surabaya and Huaishui, and expanded the power of Xia Dynasty. At the same time, the social economy of Xia Dynasty developed.

Chinese silvergrass

Mang, the year of birth and death is unknown, Huai Zi. He succeeded to the throne after his death. /kloc-died in 0/8 and was buried near Anyi.

During the reign of Mang, the Millennium Sacrifice began.

Release; Emissions; issue

Xie, the son of Mang, was officially made a vassal of Jiuyi when he was in office.

Watch out for falling.

An unhealthy, venting son. After 59 years in office, he gave way to his brother.

bolt

Oh, my unhealthy brother. Ruled for 2 1 year.

cottage

I am your son. When he came to power, Xia began to decline. Ruled for 2 1 year.

Kongjia

Kong Jia, an unhealthy son. Sima Qian said that "Emperor Kongjia was good at ghosts and gods and committed fornication", which shows that Kongjia was a cruel and bad king and ran amok.

Waterfront highland

Kong's son is tall. In office 1 1 year.

hair

Fa, Gao's son. When he was in office, the governors of all parties had not come to congratulate him, the internal affairs of the Xia royal family had not been repaired, foreign invasion continued, and class contradictions became increasingly acute. Xia Guo fell further.

cruel

Jie, the son of law. Is a famous cruel king in history. Abuse and murder, Xia Jie did not consider the reform after he acceded to the throne. He is arrogant and extravagant, building palaces and decorating Yao Tai. He likes drinking and having fun with his sister day and night, and people curse Xia Jie by pointing to the sun. The minister was loyal to the proposal, but he was imprisoned and killed. The governors of the four sides also betrayed each other, and Xia Jie fell into an isolated situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion. It was finally destroyed by Shang Tang, ending the Xia Dynasty which lasted nearly 500 years.

Shang Dynasty is the development period of slave society in China, which laid the foundation for our future civilization. The bronze culture created by businessmen occupies an important position in the history of ancient civilization in the world.

There were 30 kings in Shang Dynasty, of which 28 died of illness, and 1 died of self-immolation after national subjugation, and about 1 died in battle.

Shang Tang

Tang, surnamed Zi, formerly known as Lu, also known as Wu Tang. The year of birth and death is unknown. Shang tribal leaders destroyed the summer and built the business. 13 years, died of illness. It is said that there are six burial sites, most of which are in Milli (now in the north of Shangqiu County, Henan Province).

Tang is the leader of Shang tribe, and is said to be the descendant of Qi. The Shang nationality rose in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is equivalent to the present areas of Henan and Shandong. The history of Shang tribes can be traced back to the period of matriarchal clan commune. The ancestor of this tribe is Qi. Legend has it that Judy, the mother of Qi State, took a bath and suddenly found that the swallow had laid an egg. After eating, she got pregnant and gave birth to Qi. Therefore, in ancient times, there was a legend that "the mysterious bird was born because of its fate, and it was born to do business".

At the end of the Xia Dynasty, the merchants became more and more powerful. Seeing bullying and losing people's hearts, Tang was determined to destroy the Xia Dynasty. Valerian was worried that Tang's power would grow and threaten himself, so he called Tang to Xiadu and imprisoned him in Xiatai. The merchant also gave valerian a large sum of money and bribed his cronies, so that Tang was released and returned to his old job.

Tang's wife had a dowry slave named Yi Yin, and Tang asked him to work in the kitchen. Yi Yin is very talented. In order to let Tang find himself, he deliberately cooked the food sometimes delicious, sometimes salty or light. Once, Tang asked him about it, and he took the opportunity to talk to Tang about his views on governing the country. Tang was greatly surprised. Knowing that he was a talented person, he lifted his slave status and was appointed as his right-hand man. Since then, under the planning of Yi Yin, Tang has been actively preparing to destroy the summer.

Tang won the hearts of the people with kindness. Once, when he went out to play, he saw a man hanging a net on a tree, and he muttered, "No matter what comes down from the sky, birds from all directions fly into the net." Don said to him, "You have gone too far. How can you kill the net like this? " ! You can remove three sides and leave one side of the net. "Farmers do as they are told. Tang Zhu warned, "Birds, if you want to go left, go right. Only birds that don't listen to me will fly into the net. "After the story of kindness and animals spread, people praised him for his generosity and kindness to the people and supported him. Tang's power further grew.

It tells the story of the tyranny of Xia, and calls on Xia's affiliated small country to betray Jie and join the merchants. Those who don't listen to his advice will send troops to attack and destroy. Such as Ge (now the north of Sui County, Henan Province), Wei (now the southeast of hua county, Henan Province), Gu (now the northeast of Juancheng, Shandong Province) and other Xia Dynasty vassal states, in order to break the wings of Jie. The stronger the Vietnam War, the invincible Shang Tang. Xia Jie is isolated. Tang also moved the capital, taking it as a frontier stronghold, preparing to finally attack and destroy the Xia Dynasty.

Tang also accepted Yi Yin's suggestion and stopped paying tribute to Xia Dynasty to test his strength. Valerian ordered Jiuyi tribe to send troops to conquer merchants, indicating that Valerian could mobilize Jiuyi tribe's troops. Tang and Yi Yin immediately confessed and resumed paying tribute.

A year later, the Jiuyi people could not stand Jie's brutal rule and defected one after another, greatly weakening Jie's power. When Tang and Yi Yin saw that the time was ripe, they called in troops to attack the summer, which was destroyed in Mingtiao (now Fengqiu East, Henan Province) and established the second slavery dynasty in China history-Shang Dynasty. Ding Du Milly.

After the establishment of Shang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty reduced taxes, encouraged production, and appeased people's hearts, so that the influence of Shang extended to the upper reaches of the Yellow River and became another powerful slavery dynasty.

Tang was a tribal leader in 17, and became king in 13 after the establishment of Shang Dynasty, and died of illness.

Waibing

Is a person, the year of birth and death is unknown, after Tang died of illness, the second son Tang succeeded to the throne. After three years in office, he died of illness and his burial place is unknown.

Wick is not qualified to inherit the throne. Because Taiding, the eldest son of Emperor Taizong, was dying and his son was young, Wang Wei succeeded to the throne of Shang Dynasty. After only three years in power, he fell ill and died.

Renzhong

Zhong Ren, whose date of birth and death is unknown, was Zhong Ren, the third son and brother of Tang Dynasty, and later died. After four years in office, he died of illness and his burial place is unknown.

After Zhong Ren succeeded to the throne, Yi Yin assisted in the administration of state affairs, abided by the legal system formulated by Tang Dynasty, and ruled smoothly. After four years in office, Zhong Ren died of illness and was transferred to my nephew Tai Jia.

Taijia

Tai Jia, whose date of birth and death is unknown, is the eldest grandson of Tang Di, the son of Tai Ding, and his uncle Ren Zhong succeeded to the throne after his death. * * * reigned for 23 years, died of illness and was buried in Licheng (now Jinan City, Shandong Province).

With the assistance of Yi Yin, a veteran of the Four Dynasties, Tai Jia and Yi Yin wrote several articles, such as Breaking Bad and Grandfather, to teach Tai Jia to follow the legal system of his ancestors and strive to be a wise king. At the urging of Yi Yin, Tai Jia performed well in the first two years after he succeeded to the throne, but not after the third year. He gave orders at will, enjoyed himself blindly, abused the people and was in a daze. Although Yi Yin tried every means to persuade him, he just wouldn't listen. Yi Yin had to send him to Tonggong (now southwest of Yanshi County, Henan Province) near Shang Tang cemetery to let him reflect on himself, which was called "Yi Yin put too much armor".

Tai Jia lived in Tonggong and saw his grandfather as the founding king, but his grave was very humble. He also learned a lot about grandpa's hard work, kindness and frugality from the old man who kept the tomb. Compared with what he did, he felt really shameful. He secretly felt guilty, determined to repent, and began to care about the lonely and old, abide by the legal system, and be kind to people in the children's palace.

Three years later, Yi Yin was very happy to see that Tai Jia sincerely repented, so he led the minister of civil and military affairs, carried the royal clothes and the crown, welcomed Wudu back, and returned to the administration. From then on, Tai Jia took his past mistakes as a mirror, went to court early, worked hard and loved the people. Abide by the laws formulated by the Tang Dynasty, managed the world in an orderly way, and the Shang Dynasty gradually flourished. Yi Yin is happy to see Tai Jia become a monarch, and wrote an article on Tai Jia Xun to praise him, calling him Taizong.

Another way of saying this is that after Zhong Ren's death, Yi Yin usurped the throne and drove out Tai Jia. Seven years later, Tai Jia sneaked back to the capital and killed Yi Yin before being reset.

Tai Jia died after 23 years in office.

Woding

Woding, the year of birth and death is unknown, Tai Jiazi, Tai Jiazi succeeded to the throne after his death. He reigned for 29 years, died of illness and was buried in Diquan (now Luoyang City, Henan Province).

Taigeng

Tai Geng, whose date of birth and death is unknown, Tai Jiazi, Wo Ding Di and Wo Ding succeeded to the throne after his death. He reigned for 25 years, died of illness and was buried in Diquan.

Jony J

Jony J, whose date of birth and death is unknown, is too boxer. The world watch also says that he is too diligent. After his death, Tai Geng succeeded to the throne. /kloc-died in 0/7 and was buried in Gequan.

Yongji

Yongji, whose date of birth and death is unknown, is Tai Gengzi and Xiao Jiadi, who succeeded to the throne after his death. /kloc-died in 0/2 and was buried in Gequan.

When Yongji was in power, the Shang Dynasty had declined, and many small countries refused to pay tribute.

Wu Tai

Taiwu, the year of birth and death is unknown, the big boxer, the younger brother Yongji. Oracle Bone Inscriptions called him Dawei and Tianwei. After Yongji died of illness, he succeeded to the throne for 75 years, died of illness and was buried in Neihuang (now 30 miles south of Neihuang County, Henan Province).

When Emperor Taizu was in power, he appointed Yi's son and Wu Xian as phase. After the overhaul of the national government, small countries submitted to it one after another, and the Shang Dynasty flourished. Later generations respectfully called him Zhongzong.

Zhong Ding

Zhong Ding, whose date of birth and death is unknown, is Zhong Ding and Taiwuzi. Taiwu succeeded to the throne after his death, reigned for 13 years, died of illness and was buried in Diquan.

When Zhong Ding was in office, he moved the capital to Ao (near Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, northeast of Henan Province). At that time, the Yi people in the southeast rose, in which Lan Yi attacked Shang Dynasty and Zhong Ding sent troops to repel Lan Yi.

After Zhong Ding's death, the brothers competed for the throne, resulting in the ninth chaos of inheritance, and the Shang Dynasty was single-minded and dying.

foreigner

Wairen, whose date of birth and death is unknown, died of illness in 15 and was buried in Diquan.

After Zhong Ding's death, foreigners successfully seized the throne and compromised with their brothers, which led to the chaos of the inheritance of the Shang Dynasty, known as the IX Rebellion in history, and the Shang Dynasty began to decline.

Hejiajia

He, whose date of birth and death is unknown, is the younger brother of a foreigner. He succeeded to the throne after his death and was buried in Xiang (now Neihuang County, Henan Province) nine years after his death.

When his family came to power, the Shang Dynasty declined again. Move the capital, send troops to pacify the Lan nationality and board houses in the southeast.

Zuyi

Zu Ti, born in the year of Ding Zi with an unknown date of birth and death, is called He Jiazi. After his death, Qi family succeeded to the throne and reigned for 75 years. Died of illness and was buried in Diquan.

When Zu Ti was in office, he moved the capital to Xing (also known as Geng, now Wenxian East). He sent troops to subdue Lanyi, Banfang and other countries several times, which relieved the threat of Southeast Yi people to commerce and revived the national movement. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, he is known as the ancestor of Zhongzong, and he is also called "Three Demonstrations" (meaning three outstanding ancestors) with Dayi and Taijia.

Zuxin

Zuxin, born and died in an unknown year, succeeded to the throne after death. /kloc-died in 0/6 and was buried in Gequan.

Wo Jia

Wo Jia, date of birth and death is unknown. Jia Kai, Zu Xindi. Zuxin inherited the throne after his death. He reigned for 25 years, died of illness and was buried in Diquan.

Zu Ding

Zuding, the son of Zuxin and nephew of Wojia, died of illness and was buried in Diquan after his death. He succeeded to the throne for 32 years.

Geng Nan

Nan Geng, whose date of birth and death is unknown, is Zu Ding's cousin and succeeded to the throne after Zu Ding's death. Died of illness and was buried in Gequan for 25 years.

During the period of Nangeng, the fortunes of the Shang Dynasty declined again, and then it moved to Yan (now Qufu County, Shandong Province).

Yangjia

Yang family, the year of birth and death is unknown. Zu Ding, the son of Nangeng, succeeded to the throne after his death. He reigned for 7 years, died of illness and was buried in Diquan.

When the Yang family was in power, there was civil strife in the Shang Dynasty, and slave owners and nobles killed each other. Yang Jia can't control the situation.

Pan Geng

Pan Geng, whose date of birth and death is unknown, is the son of Zu Ding and the younger brother of Yang Jia. Yang Jia succeeded to the throne after his death. He died of illness and was buried in Yin (now Xiaotunzhuang, Anyang County, Henan Province) for twenty-eight years.

When Pan Geng ascended the throne, the Shang Dynasty experienced several generations of civil strife, political corruption, aristocratic extravagance, fierce infighting, sharp class contradictions, frequent natural disasters and faced serious crises. In order to save the decline of Shang Dynasty, Pan Geng decided to give up the original capital and move it to barren Yin, so as to curb the luxury of silk nobles, ease class conflicts and reduce some natural disasters. The nobles strongly opposed the move of the capital, and Pan Geng issued a proclamation and ordered it strictly. Shangshu Pan Geng is a record of his speech before and after he moved to Yin. He also advocated frugality, improved the atmosphere, reduced exploitation, and finally settled the situation. The sweat of slaves made Yin develop into a very prosperous city. After that, the capital of Shang Dynasty has been here for more than 270 years, and Shang Dynasty is also called Shang Dynasty.

Pan Geng moved to Yin, revived Shang Dynasty, reached the peak of social, economic and cultural development, and became a civilized country in the world at that time.

E. Joe

Xiao Xin reigned for 2 1 year, the son of Zu Ding and the brother of Pan Geng. Business is down again.

Xiaoyi

Xiao Yi, who reigned for 2 1 year, was the son of Zu Ding and the younger Cindy.

Wu ding

Wu Ding reigned for 59 years and was a youngest son. Wu Ding is the best king after Pan Geng. His politics improved and the Shang Dynasty revived. When he was young, he went to the folk life for a period of time and knew the sufferings of the people. After he ascended the throne, he worked hard to revitalize the great cause. He went out to crusade against the devil, the earth, Qiang, people, tigers and other countries. The scale of the war is not small, and thousands of troops are often used. The largest one is 13000. In these battles, Zheng served many small countries, expanded his territory and captured a large number of prisoners. At that time, with the improvement of the development level of social productive forces, the bronze industry made a breakthrough, and in addition, it also made great achievements in textiles, medicine, transportation, astronomy and so on.

Zu Geng

Zu Geng, who reigned for seven years, was Wu Stator.

Zujia

Zujia, who reigned for thirty-three years, was the younger brother of Zu Geng.

Xin Xin

Yan Xin, six years in office, Zujiazi.

Gengding

Geng Ding, six years in office, Zujiazi, Xin Xindi.

Wuming

Wu Yi, the son of Geng Ding, reigned for 4 years. He was electrocuted by lightning during his four years in office.

Taiding

Taiding was in office for three years and was a native of Wu. During his reign, Ji Li (Ji Chang's father) was more prestigious, and Tai Ding was frightened and killed him.

Di yi

Di Yi reigned for 37 years and was the son of Taiding. Di Yi, Shang Dynasty was weaker. Make peace with Ji Chang in a friendly way.

Shang and Zhou dynasties

Shang and Zhou reigned for 33 years and were named Xin, Yishou, Shoushou and Emperor. Shang Zhou has wisdom and extraordinary strength. He attacked Dongyi on a large scale and won, which made a certain contribution to the spread of Central Plains culture. But Shang and Zhou dynasties were cruel and lewd. Spoiled da ji, tortured the people, overhauled the palace, and the people were miserable. At this time, the Western Zhou Dynasty gradually became stronger and finally destroyed the business. Zhou Wang set himself on fire and died. Shangwu Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Xia Jie also became the pronouns of tyrants-"unruly kings".

The Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods: the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The Western Zhou Dynasty began with the destruction of commerce in Zhou Wenwang in 1 1 century BC, and its capital was located on the east bank of Fengshui (now southwest of Xi, Shaanxi Province). In 77 BC1year, the gods and queens jointly attacked and killed Zhou Youwang. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty began in 770 BC when Zhou Pingwang moved eastward to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan), and was destroyed by Qin in 256 BC. Historically, it was called the Western Zhou Dynasty before Pingdong moved eastward, and later called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

The Western Zhou Dynasty was a prosperous period of slave society in China. * * * There are 12 kings, of which 9 kings died of illness, 1 kings were hunted for national subjugation, 1 kings were driven out of the capital by people's riots and died miserably, and 1 kings were drowned by people's design. Affiliated Zhou Wenwang died of illness.

Zhou Wuwang

King Wu was named Ji Fa. The year of birth and death is unknown. Wen Wang's second son, succeeded to the throne after his death, reigned for 3 years, died of illness and was buried in Biyuan.

Ji Fa, the eldest son of King Wen, was killed, so after King Wen's death, he succeeded him.

After Ji Fa succeeded to the throne, he continued to use Jiang Ziya as the national phase, with his brothers Zhou Gongdan and Zhao Gong as assistants, to further rectify the internal affairs, strengthen military strength, and prepare to inherit the legacy of King Wen and attack Shang Zhouwang.

In the second year, Ji Fa held a governor's meeting in Jin Meng (now south of Mengxian County, Henan Province) to review military capabilities. More than 800 governors from small countries attended the meeting and held a business reduction exercise together. Because the time had not come, King Wu did not send troops to attack the merchants.

Two years later, in the spring, Ji Fa thought the time was ripe. He personally led the main force of this department and joined hands with small countries. In the first month of Jiazi's reign, he vowed to set out from Jin Meng and invade the Shang Dynasty. After Konoha defeated the Shang army, it invaded the Song Dynasty, destroyed the Shang Dynasty, and established Haojing (now southwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province), the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, known as Zhou Zong.

The attack on Zhou Dynasty is an epoch-making event in Chinese history. When did it happen? From Liu Xin in Han Dynasty to contemporary historians and astronomers, there are nearly 20 different opinions. There is a unique point of view, "A Brief Training of Huainan Zibing", which once said: The King of Wu cut his sword to welcome the new year to the east, and the comet came out and gave it to the Yin people. That is to say, when the king of Wu attacked Zhou, an old star (Jupiter) appeared in the eastern sky, and at the same time, a comet appeared with its head facing the east. According to the appearance of Halley's comet in 19 10 and the cycle time of its return to the earth, it is found that Halley's comet just returned to the perihelion 40 times. This view is being accepted by more and more scholars.

A few days after Ji Fa destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he climbed the hill and looked down at the Song Dynasty, the capital of the Shang Dynasty, and saw the magnificent buildings of the Song Dynasty. He thought that the Shang Dynasty, which was so powerful, lasted for hundreds of years and died because it lost people's hearts. However, just after the founding of the People's Republic of China, there are still many people who are opposed and hostile. Full of danger, we can't help worrying. In order to consolidate and expand the influence of the Zhou Dynasty, the relatives and heroes were given titles such as Duke, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong, and they were asked to establish a vassal state, with Shennong in the suburbs, Huangdi in Zhu, Yaoyuji, Shunyuchen, Dayu in Qi and Jiang Ziya in Yingqiu (now Zibo City, Shandong Province) as Qi. At the bottom (now the bottom county in Shandong), it was named Lu; gather