Emperor's ostentation and extravagance

The cultural relics of the Forbidden City mentioned in the Gospel are mainly daily necessities, toys or knickknacks displayed in the Treasure Hall. However, these little things can't stand the ostentation and extravagance of "going to the countryside". This article talks about the religious artifacts, sacrificial artifacts and several huge heavy objects in the treasure house, and gives a glimpse of how the royal family propped up its "face" and China's past "glory". Treasure Hall is bejeweled, but the biggest deficiency is that the display design lacks logic, and only the cultural relics are classified and displayed, which makes people feel that the Palace Museum is simply "showing off its wealth".

Religious works of art The Qing court worshiped Tibetan Buddhism. The Buddhist relics in the palace are also magnificent.

Jin Lei silk is embedded in the gem tower, which is transparent, 70cm high and 38cm in diameter at the bottom.

This tower has three characteristics: first, the materials are precious, and the tower is made of gold; The second is to decorate luxuriously with pearls, turquoise and lapis lazuli. , with obvious Tibetan decorative flavor; Third, it has a unique shape, with a central tower in the middle and eight small towers around it, representing four directions and eight directions respectively, which is the embodiment of the space concept of Tibetan Buddhism. This tower is a typical form of Victory King Kong.

The Buddha statue of Dongzhu inlaid with gold is clear and dry, 49.5 cm high and 32 cm wide.

This statue of Bodhisattva is solemn and poised. The nose is straight, the eyebrows are thin, the eyes are slightly open and the cheeks are full. Wearing a lotus crown with a pagoda on it. Topless, slim waist, covered by a long skirt, barefoot, standing on the base of lotus petal pattern. The head is decorated with a collar and a wreath, hanging down to the abdomen and inlaid with pearls. Put a long belt on your shoulders, and both ends naturally hang down to your feet, just like spinning, with smooth lines. Raise your right arm to your chest, palm outward, thumb at the end of your index finger, and make a statement. The elbow of the left arm is slightly arched outward, with the back of the hand facing the sky and hanging down the crotch. The arms are decorated with pearl bracelets and armbands; Wear anklets on your feet. On both sides of the image, there is a plant of Lonicera, with stout branches and thick leaves, winding upward and leaning at the top of the flower branches, and each plant has a lotus flower. A circle and a jar are born in the stamen, just like the empty backlight, which is particularly beautiful and gorgeous.

Bodhisattva is made of gold, with exquisite craftsmanship and gorgeous colors. The whole body is inlaid with 182 Oriental Pearl, which is even more luxurious and rich. It is one of the treasures of a large number of Tibetan Buddhist statues cast during the Qianlong period.

Decorating Buddha statues and bodhisattvas with jewels is also the fashion of Buddhist art in the Qing court. Dongzhu, produced in Songhua River in Northeast China, is the birthplace of Manchu. The pearls produced are regarded as mascots and imperial articles of the Qing Dynasty, and others are not allowed to match them.

Jinlei Temple is inlaid with turquoise altar city, which is clear, with a height of 37cm, a height of 20cm and a diameter of 18cm.

Tancheng, Sanskrit transliteration of "Datura" or "Datura". Use three-dimensional or plane Fiona Fang geometry to depict statues and vessels, representing altars and palaces of gods. Tancheng is an important ceremony of tantric practice and worship. In strict accordance with the rules of Tibetan Buddhism etiquette, this altar city shows the peripheral flame wall, King Kong wall to Jingge and the central deity, which is complex but not chaotic, and reflects the superb skills of court craftsmen.

White jade Tibetan bowl, clear, 25.5cm high, caliber 16cm.

This is a common sacrificial bowl in Tibetan Buddhism. The bowl is carved with white jade, and the cover and seat are made of gold, which is even more precious. The cover is decorated with Tibetan spells, and the rest are inlaid with turquoise, showing a strong Tibetan culture.

The bowl is covered with golden fetuses, cloisonne enamel and precious stones. Clear and dry, with a height of 30cm and a diameter of 16cm.

This bowl has a high support, with gold wire as the edge and a floral pattern composed of red and sapphire. In the golden circle of the bowl heart, three lines of "Qing Gan Long Nian System" are engraved in regular script. The material of this device is very expensive, and the production is precise.

This was presented by Erdene, the sixth Panchen Lama of Tibet (legal name Lausanne Beidan Yixi) when he went to chengde mountain resort to congratulate Emperor Qianlong on his 70th birthday in the 45th year of Qianlong (1780).

Gold inlaid pearl turquoise architectural niche, clear, 66 cm high, 53 cm long and 23 cm wide.

There are many forms of shrines in the Qing palace, and the pavilion is the most commonly used one. It is shaped like a traditional pavilion-style building in the Han Dynasty. It is divided into two floors and has three shrines dedicated to statues. This niche is not only completely consistent with the architectural shape, but also made of gold and decorated with turquoise and pearls, which is very luxurious.

Gold inlaid pearl turquoise architectural niche, clear, 66 cm high, 53 cm long and 23 cm wide.

There are many forms of shrines in the Qing palace, and the pavilion is the most commonly used one. It is shaped like a traditional pavilion-style building in the Han Dynasty. It is divided into two floors and has three shrines dedicated to statues. This niche is not only completely consistent with the architectural shape, but also made of gold and decorated with turquoise and pearls, which is very luxurious.

Ritual objects. The royal family has always attached importance to rites and music. For various ceremonies, there are extremely detailed and complicated regulations. The main royal ceremonies include: the emperor's birthday, Spring Festival, enthronement, conferring, wedding and so on.

Jin 'ou Gu Yong Cup is12.5cm high and 8cm in diameter. (This is a copy.)

Cup gold, tripod, round and straight mouth. The middle part of the mouth is engraved with the seal script "Jin Ou Gu Yong" and the words "Qianlong Year System". The outer wall is covered with precious flowers. The stamens are mainly pearls, rubies and sapphires. There is a deformed dragon ear on each side, and there are beads on the faucet. All three legs are elephant heads, with slightly smaller ears, long teeth, curled nose and jewels embedded between forehead and eyes.

During the Qianlong period, the Qing Palace made all kinds of wine glasses, among which there were many works of dragon ears with many styles, but few such works were based on elephant trunks. The design and processing of this golden cup are excellent, and it is a special wine glass for the emperor.

The golden pulp is fragrant, clear and straight, with a height of 49cm.

The two ends are a pair, made of gold. Its shape is a horn, two ears, a rectangular belly, a head leaning back, four feet standing upright, and flowers under a rectangular seat. The two ends of this pair are engraved with the words "80% gold and its balance in Tongzhi Thirteen Years 16225 Yuan" and "80% gold and its balance in Tongzhi Thirteen Years 16224 Yuan" respectively, and the words "80% gold and its balance in Tongzhi Thirteen Years/4 yuan" and "80% gold and its balance in Tongzhi Thirteen Years/6929 Yuan" are engraved on the base.

Yaoduan is a kind of god beast in ancient legends of China. It is said that you can walk 65,438+08,000 Ariri, and you will get good results in life and bad results in death. In front of the throne stood a pair of ends to show the holiness of the emperor. The remains of the Qing Palace are mainly made of gold, bronze gilded, jasper and cloisonne.

Jinting-style incense, the same as Qing Dynasty, height 1 12cm.

Perfume made of gold. Hexagonal double-eaved hat at the top; The middle part is a cylinder, on which the words "Wan Zi" and "Tuantou" are hollowed out; The lower part is connected with a pentagonal base with columns. This pair of incense sticks are engraved with14226 money and14223 money respectively, and the base is engraved with165438 24 money and/kloc-13 years.

Aromatherapy generally uses gold, jade, enamel and other materials to incense. This pair of incense should be displayed before the emperor's throne.

Jinyun dragon pattern furnace, with the same treatment of Qing dynasty, has a height of 23cm, a diameter of 17.2cm and a rod length of 103cm.

This spoon is made of gold. Round, with a hollow cover, the furnace body has three animal ears, and there are three elephant heads and feet below. There are three gold chains in the three-ear system, which are connected with the faucet inlaid with gold in rosewood. Open the bottom of the furnace and engrave "80% gold in the 11th year of Tongzhi 1 1229 money".

The furnace is an object displayed in the ritual ceremony of the emperor's halogen book. Centered on the emperor's throne, the furnishings were placed on a red-painted tray and a gold shovel with a spatula, a water bottle, a fragrant box and a washbasin.

Jinli Shuangfeng washbasin is clear, with a basin edge diameter of 43cm, a bottom diameter of 32.7cm and a height of 9cm. Old collection of Qing palace.

Eighty percent of golden fetuses are carved by hammer. Miscellaneous treasures with twelve auspicious patterns, such as double horns, Aquarius, silver ingots, pomegranates, auspicious clouds, orbs, Falun, double scrolls, double coins, canopy, golden pestle, fish, etc., are hidden by flat riveting. The golden hammer inlaid on the back of the bottom has a neutral pattern of double phoenix and three precious flowers.

"Qing Yu Lan" contains the Empress Dowager and Empress driving the washbasin. Jin Fan made it into a circle, with twelve sides, a height of three inches and nine minutes, a caliber of one foot and two inches and nine minutes, and eight precious characters engraved on the side. The bottom diameter is one foot and one inch, with cymbals, neutral double phoenix. The shape and pattern of this washbasin are different from the above records, so it is not a washbasin in Qianlong era. A closer look shows that this plain gold basin was made by Zhu Fan in the Ming Dynasty, and auspicious patterns, double phoenix and precious flowers should be inlaid after Shunzhi for the use of the Empress Dowager and Empress. It is rare in the existing court ornaments, and it also reflects the imperfection of the ceremonial driving in the court in the early Qing Dynasty and its initial creation.

Gold "Tianbao" seal, early Qing Dynasty, height17.5cm, length12cm.

This seal was stamped and formed by the emperor in the early Qing Dynasty. Square, double dragon buckle, and attached with "Tianbao" round tooth card.

"Fengtian" comes from the code of Zuxun and Fengtian Fazu written by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor. This seal was made before the Qing dynasty entered the customs, aiming to compete with the Ming dynasty for the world. Treasure of Fengtian is one of the ten treasures in Shengjing Palace, ranking fifth.

In addition, there are several heavy objects worth mentioning. These objects are large, so they are not suitable for practical use. Their greatest function is to show the royal self (son), faith (honesty) and material (her) strength.

Gold-inlaid pearl celestial globe, dry, with a diameter of 29.5cm and a shelf height of 6 1.5cm.

The gold-inlaid pearl celestial sphere is a model made of gold by the Ministry of Internal Affairs during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The celestial globe consists of a base, a bracket and a celestial globe. The celestial sphere is inlaid with pearls with 28 stars, 300 constellations and more than 2,200 stars, engraved with Wei Ziyuan, Shi Tian Garden and Taiwei Garden. There are equatorial rings and horizon rings around the sphere, and there is a clock plate at the North Pole. Four pure gold brackets around Kowloon support the sphere. There is a four-legged ring seat below, with four Chinese characters of east, south, west and north on the seat, and a compass in the center of the seat.

Planetarium is also called "armillary sphere" or "celestial sphere". This device is the only model of a celestial globe made of gold, which is precious.

60 Jin Ruyi Ganlong Master's 60th Birthday Gift. It provides a gift-giving routine for us when we are rich and willful.

Tantai Jade Mountain is clear and dry, with a height of 105cm, a width of 150cm and a thickness of 77cm. The weight is about 1500kg.

Commonly known as "Shoushan". Yushan raw materials come from Hotan, Xinjiang. The official script of "A surname Xiao Chun" is engraved in the upper left corner of Yushan Mountain. There is a poem in the lower right corner: "The hall door is like a screen. Instead of writing, it is better to think deeply." The picture shows Li and the stone room is named Ji Daoxin. If the green and white prints are colorless, they are carved from peaks and trees. Fairy boy rubs medicine back to the cloud, and guards the six ding in front of Taiyi furnace. Department: "Gan Long Xin Chou Zhong Yuchun jumps." . "(Please refer to the four volumes (78)" Poems written by aristocratic patriarchs "for poems.

This Jade Mountain was designed and painted by Fang Cong, a court painter in Qing Dynasty. Jade works in Yangzhou were carefully carved in four years and completed in October in the forty-fifth year of Qing Qianlong (1780). It symbolizes "longevity is longer than Nanshan".

Now it's on display at Leshou Hall.

The autumn mountain shows the Yushan Mountain, which is clean and dry, with a height of 130cm, a bottom width of 70cm, a thickness of 30cm and a copper pedestal height of 25cm.

This work is also called "Travel Map of Guanshan Yushan". Made of Xinjiang jade, the raw material is very stony, with light yellow stripes in the middle and as heavy as ice crack. After careful design and ingenious arrangement by craftsmen, disadvantages are turned into advantages by measuring materials. The uneven texture of the jade itself is carved into jagged boulders like an axe, and the pale yellow spots just show the scenery of fallen leaves and yellow vegetation in late autumn. The overall scenery of Yushan is tortuous and orderly, with distinct layers, which naturally blends the characteristics of jade materials with the theme of carving.

According to the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Qing Dynasty, the production of this Jade Mountain began on November 13th, the 31st year of Qing Qianlong (1766). Originally made in Beijing, it was later transported to Huaibei and undertaken by Yangzhou. From the thirty-five years of Qianlong (1770), it can be seen that the seven-character rhythm poem written by Emperor Qianlong for Yushan should be completed no later than this year. After Tu Youyou entered the palace, he wrote poems to praise him twice in thirty-five and thirty-nine years (1774). The poem describes the exquisite workmanship of Yushan Mountain, with delicate mind, and praises the producer's superb skills.

Large-scale jade carving works in Qing dynasty all have the same feature, that is, the quality of jade materials is not the only criterion to measure the quality of works. Although some works are not very beautiful in texture, they have become unparalleled artistic treasures after proper artistic treatment by craftsmen.

Yulong urn, dry, 70cm high and 1 19cm wide. It weighs about 2500kg.

Commonly known as "Fuhai". Yushan's raw materials come from Hotan, Xinjiang, and were carefully carved by Yangzhou jade workers for four years. In the forty-five years of Qing Qianlong (1780), it was completed in October. Carve Kowloon in the urn and carve jade urn at the bottom. Under the urn, there is a bronze seat with seawater pattern. It symbolizes "happiness is like flowing water in the East China Sea".

This urn is of excellent jade material and exquisite carving, which represents the technological level of Yangzhou jade in Qianlong period.

Now it's on display at Leshou Hall.