What are the degrees in Qing dynasty, such as staff?

No degree. At that time, there were no degrees in the imperial examinations, namely, Tong Sheng (county examination), Scholar (university examination), Juren (after having obtained the provincial examination), Gong Shi (after having obtained the provincial examination) and Jinshi (palace examination).

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were overseas students who might be able to get foreign degrees. At the beginning of the 20th century, Peking University was founded as Shi Jing University Hall. Although it is a new school, it seems to belong to yamen school. I guess it's no use saying a degree!