Chrysanthemum varieties in Tomb-Sweeping Day

Xia Ju: Also known as "The Nine Residence in May". It blooms once a year in May and September of the lunar calendar. Now it can be planted in solar calendar 10 in May and June.

Qiuju: The flowering period is early and late. Mid-sized chrysanthemum whose first chrysanthemum period is in the middle and late September. The late chrysanthemum period is 10- 1 1, which is the most widely cultivated autumn chrysanthemum.

Cold chrysanthemum: also known as winter chrysanthemum. The flowering period is 65438+ February of the following year to 65438+ 10.

Flower diameter chrysanthemum: the flower diameter is larger than 10 cm, which is mostly used for the cultivation of chrysanthemum and specimen chrysanthemum.

Middle Chrysanthemum: The flower diameter is 6- 10 cm, which is often used for flower bed chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum cultivation.

Xiao Ju: The sky is full of flowers less than 6 cm in diameter. They can be used as potted chrysanthemums, cliff chrysanthemums, tied chrysanthemums and bonsai chrysanthemums to decorate gardens or furnishings.

Monochrome: Monochrome refers to one flower and one color, including yellow, white, purple, red, pink, green, ink, mud, snow blue and so on. In addition to the basic color system, each color system can also be divided into multiple tones. This is more difficult to describe and accurately grasp.

Multicolor: Multicolor means that a flower has more than two colors, and the color changes are also rich. There is a flower with two colors, such as "Er Qiao" with red and yellow halves and "Yuanyang Lotus" with red and yellow colors; There are two colors of back and abdomen, such as "golden back and red abdomen"; There are petals with one color as the background and stripes or spots of other colors on them, such as "sika deer", with a pink-purple background and white spots on it; Having petals of one color at the base and another color at the apex, such as "red gold beads" with red petals and yellow tips; There are flowers with one color in the heart and one color on the side, but there are few contrasts, such as The First Phoenix and Green Water.

Petal flat petals: the tongue-shaped flowers are flat and divided into wide petals according to the width of the petals (the widest part of the petals is more than 2 cm), such as "Shuaiqi"; The middle petal (the widest part of the petal is 1-2 cm), such as "Mohe"; Narrow petals (below the widest part of petals 1 cm) such as "pear fragrant chrysanthemum". Spoon petals: Tongue-shaped flowers are located between flat petals and tubular petals. The symphysis at the base of corolla is longer than the flat petals, and the top of the petals is called spoon. According to the length of spatula, spatula can be divided into long spatula, medium spatula and short spatula. According to the shape, it can be divided into straight extension, inner bending and reverse rolling. Tube flap: Tongue-shaped flowers extend in a tubular shape. According to the vertex of the tube, the tube is opened or closed to separate and close the tube. According to the thickness of the tube, it is divided into thick tube (the middle diameter of the tube is above 0.6 cm), middle tube (the middle diameter of the tube is 0.3-0.6 cm) and thin tube (the middle diameter of the tube is below 0.3 cm). Cinnamon petals: flat petals or spoon petals or tube petals with tongue-shaped flowers of 1-3 circle. Tubular flowers become laurel petals (or star tubes). Abnormal petals: the petals are peculiar and can be divided into burr petals, dragon claw petals and shearing petals. The leaf morphology of leaf chrysanthemum has little change, which is often used as one of the important basis for identifying chrysanthemum varieties. According to its form, it can be divided into the following types. Positive leaves: the leaves are regular in shape, with moderate length, width, size and thickness. The main veins, branch veins and fissures are all neat. Profound positive leaf: The leaf shape is similar to that of the positive leaf, the split is deeper than that of the positive leaf, and the tip is sharp. Long leaves: The leaf shape is longer and narrower than regular leaves, and the gap is deeper. Divide neatly. Deep-lobed long leaves: the leaves are long and narrow, with a long slit, deep leaves and sharp tips. Round leaves: the leaves are similar in length and width, slightly round, with thick mesophyll and dark serrations. Sunflower leaves: the leaves are large in area and shallow like sunflower leaves. Ye Peng: The leaves are slender and deeply divided into five long and narrow pinnate leaves. Shaped like the leaves of Artemisia scoparia. Reverse leaf: the leaf edge is reversed, the leaf surface is convex, such as the boat is reversed, and the crack is shallow or irregular. Petiole epiphyte: epiphytic mesophyll or stipules at the base of petiole. Cultivation methods According to the cultivation methods, chrysanthemums can be divided into four categories: potted chrysanthemums, ground-covered scalded chrysanthemums, cut chrysanthemums and special-shaped chrysanthemums (artistic chrysanthemums). Potted Chrysanthemum (potted chrysanthemum) Single branch chrysanthemum (variety chrysanthemum, specimen chrysanthemum): cultivated with big chrysanthemum, one plant in each pot, one flower and one plant stand out. It can fully reflect the characteristics of varieties, and can be used for variety identification besides ornamental purposes, so it is also called variety chrysanthemum or specimen chrysanthemum. Multi-chrysanthemum (multi-chrysanthemum, multi-variety chrysanthemum): cultivated with large flowers, one plant in each pot, with dozens of flowers. Used in gardens, venues, etc. Desk chrysanthemum: plant chrysanthemums in small pots, one for each pot and one for each plant. The branches stand upright, the leaves are beautiful, and the skirt covers the pot. Small flowers are big and not high enough. It is suitable for several desks and can be arranged in the hall, bedroom and study. Potted Chrysanthemum: Chrysanthemum seedlings are planted in Wajian. After budding, take out the tile tube and move it into the basin for viewing. Potted Chrysanthemum: First plant chrysanthemum seedlings in the ground, and when the chrysanthemum seedlings grow to a certain size, put them into a pottery pot for cultivation from the hole of the pot, and cut off the root of the pot bottom for viewing after the color is developed. Ground Cover Chrysanthemum: Ground Cover Chrysanthemum is a unique species group in Xiao Ju, which is mainly cultivated as open-air ground cover plants. Ground-cover chrysanthemum has the characteristics of macro-beauty, which can be used for garden green space cultivation, cluster planting, belt planting, sticking planting, flower bed value and potted flower arrangement. Cut chrysanthemum: Cut chrysanthemum is a cutting cultivation method of cutting flowers with stems and leaves from cultivated chrysanthemum plants for supply. The ground planting production can be divided into big flower, medium flower and many flower branches according to varieties. According to the cultivation method, it can be divided into single part and multiple parts. Modeling chrysanthemum: Modeling chrysanthemum is to cultivate chrysanthemum plants into specific types for viewing through artistic treatment of different chrysanthemum varieties. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum): On a single chrysanthemum, more than 1000 flowers of the same size and arranged neatly are produced. After hanging and shaping, it is round or hemispherical. The wreaths can reach 3-4 meters in diameter, and some are tied into patterns. Chrysanthemum is mainly used in festivals and chrysanthemum exhibitions, which is spectacular and enhances the atmosphere. Cliff chrysanthemum: produced in small chrysanthemum, with many branches, dense flowers, wide back and narrow front, symmetrical head and tail, long and drooping. The small one is about 1 meter long, and the big one can reach 4-5 meters. As an environmental decoration, this kind of chrysanthemum is placed beside rockeries and rocks in halls or gardens, which is full of wild interest. Chrysanthemum: A chrysanthemum plant with upright trunk, distinct layers and symmetrical colors, such as a pagoda, which is cultivated artificially. This kind of chrysanthemum can be composed of several or more layers, with a height of 3-4 meters. It stands out among the flowers in the garden and is very spectacular. Modeling Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum): The potted plants or potted plants in Xiao Ju are tied up in small bags and placed on flower stands in the form of pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, bamboo or various animals made of exotic elements to increase the garden landscape. Chrysanthemum in bonsai: Xiao Ju is the main material, and it is pruned and shaped into various ancient trees by bonsai techniques. Cliff posture or artistic bonsai with a certain theme. Chrysanthemum bonsai includes the types of chrysanthemum heap: native, grafted and epiphytic; Ju Jing type: jungle type, ammonite type and flood-drought type. In addition, there are classifications of flower-hugging forms. That is, according to the posture change of chrysanthemum tongue-shaped corolla arrangement, there are internal hug, chasing hug, folding hug, natural hug, exposed hug and disorderly hug. Some are classified into high, medium and short according to the height of chrysanthemum plants; There are also strong, medium and weak according to the growth of chrysanthemum plants. Although there are many classification methods, the commonly used classification methods are petal classification and pattern classification. Secondary Classification In order to gradually unify the classification and typing of chrysanthemum varieties, China Horticultural Society and China Flower Bonsai Association held an academic seminar on chrysanthemum variety classification during the first China Chrysanthemum Variety Exhibition in June, 1982, 1 1. In this paper, the classification of late autumn chrysanthemum varieties (Xiao Ju variety classification system) with flowering period of 10/days and flower head diameter above 1 0 cm was discussed. It is determined that chrysanthemum * * * is divided into five petals, including 30 flowers, 13 subtype. The division and order of colors are white, yellow, brown, pink, red, purple, green and composite colors. On the basis of these eight colors, one or two colors can be added to each place. For convenience, the variety should not exceed 10. The following is a schema diagram to introduce this classification scheme. Flat petals 1. Wide-band type: tongue-shaped flowers 1-2 rounds, petals are generally wider. Some petals are boat-bottom-shaped and arched; Some are as long as ribbons and curl for no reason. The tubular inflorescence is developed and obviously exposed. There are two subtypes of this type, namely, the flat subtype is a flat subtype and the drooping subtype is a vertical subtype. 2. Lotus type: tongue-shaped flowers, 3-6 rounds, wide petals, loosely arranged and surrounded. The whole flower looks neat, slightly oblate, like a lotus. Tubular flowers stand out when they are in full bloom and are exposed. 3. Peony type: the tongue-shaped flower has multiple or multiple wheels, and the petals extend straight, and the petals of the inner and outer wheels are nearly equal in length; The petals are plump, and the top of the whole shape is slightly oblate. There are few or no tubular flowers, which are not exposed or slightly exposed when they are in full bloom. 4. Flat type: tongue-shaped flowers, round, narrow and straight petals; The outer petals are long, and the inner petals become shorter layer by layer. Sometimes the inner flower hugs inside. The whole flower is slightly flat, such as a disk, and the tubular flower is normal, and it is not exposed or slightly exposed when it is in full bloom. 5. Flip-over: the tongue-shaped flower has multiple wheels, the petals of the outer wheel are pressed down, the back of the petals are turned inward, and the petals of the inner wheel are folded or held towards the heart. The whole flower-shaped appearance turns out and rolls in. The petals of the inner wheel gradually turn outward with the degree of flowering. Tubular flowers are rare, and they are not exposed or slightly exposed when flowering. 6. Stacked ball type: tongue-shaped Hua Lun, each petal is neat in length and closely arranged; The outer wheel occasionally has several spoon petals or even tube petals. The vast majority of petals bend inward, which may be different forms of hug to the heart, such as positive hug, chasing hug and disorderly hug; The petals overlap and the whole pattern is spherical. Spoon type 7. Spoon type: tongue-shaped flower 1-3 layers, mostly short spatula, which is boat-shaped, bent or folded inward, or spread horizontally. The whole flower is neat, the top is slightly oblate, the tubular flower is normal and exposed when it is open. 8. Que-tongue type: tongue-shaped flowers have multiple wheels, and the outer wheel is narrow and spoon-shaped, extending straight; The spoon-shaped blade becomes bigger and sharper, shaped like a sparrow's tongue. Tubular flowers are normal or rare, and are exposed when they are in full bloom. 9. Honeycomb type: the tongue-shaped flowers are round, with short petals, and many petals are nearly upright and neatly arranged. The whole flower is spherical, named after the spoon rolls like a bell and looks like a beehive. There are few or no tubular flowers, and they are not exposed when flowering. 10. Rosette type: multi-round tongue-shaped flowers, with long outer petals and short inner petals, all of which arch inward. The petals are arranged neatly, or folded loosely or tightly, and the whole flower shape is slightly flat, which looks like a lotus under Guanyin. Tubular flowers are normal and exposed when in full bloom. 1 1. Scroll type: multi-round tongue-shaped flowers, with flat petals between the inner wheels and tubular petals between the wheels. The petals of the inner wheel fold inward, and the petals of the outer wheel spread out in all directions. The whole flower shape shows that it is rolled inside and scattered outside, and the tubular flower is underdeveloped and slightly exposed when it is in full bloom. 12. Spoon ball type: tongue-shaped flower heavy wheel, multiple middle spoons and short spoon petals, with flat petals between the inner wheels and tube petals between the outer wheels. The spatula of each petal is bent inward, arranged neatly and closed tightly, making the whole flower spherical, and some long spatula or tube petals float and droop. Simple flowers are rare or underdeveloped, and rarely appear when they are in full bloom. Petals 13. Single tube type: tongue-shaped flower 1-3 rounds, mostly thick or medium tube, occasionally with long spoon petals. The tubular flowers are conspicuous and exposed. This type is divided into two subtypes, namely, the radial awn subtype is the horizontal expansion of each valve, while the stalk subtype is the drooping of each valve. 14. The tongue flower is round, with a middle tube or a thick tube. The petals of the inner and outer wheels are almost equal in length, and the whole flower is shaped like a loose hemisphere or sphere. Tubular flowers few or none, not exserted. 15. Tube-disc type: the tongue-shaped flowers are round, with middle or thick tube petals, and the inner wheel has spoon-shaped petals. The outer wheel petals are long and straight, and the inner wheel is short and folded centripetally. The top is nearly flat and the whole flower is flat. Tubular flowers are rare and will be slightly exposed when they are in full bloom. This type is divided into two subtypes, the bowl-shaped subtype with a slightly concave flower center and the roll-shaped subtype with the petal end bent inward. 16. pine needle type: tongue-shaped flowers, round, long and straight tubules. The length of each valve is almost the same, and occasionally there are slightly curved valves that extend radially. There are bundles of pine leaves; All flowers are hemispherical. Tubular flowers few or none, not exserted. 17. sparse tube type: the tongue-shaped flowers are round, the tube is medium thick, and the petals of the inner and outer wheels are almost equal in length. Scattered and uneven. Tubular flowers are rare and not exposed. A person with a valve as fluffy as a lion is called a lion subtype. 18. Tube-ball type: tongue-shaped flower wheel, with medium diameter and slightly short tube petals, uneven bending, each petal clasped or clasped to the center, or folded neatly, spherical as a whole, with few or no tubular flowers and no exposure. 19. Silk hairstyle: tongue-shaped Hua Lun is heavy or heavy, and slender petals are unable to droop. There are few or no tubular flowers and they are not exposed when they are in full bloom. Most slender flaps are smooth and only bend downward, which is a subtype of vertical filament, while most slender flaps are irregularly twisted and twisted, which is a subtype of twisted filament. 20. Flying type: tongue-shaped flowers are round or even heavy wheels, mostly large-diameter petal flowers. Some are medium-diameter tube petals, and some varieties have long spoon petals in the middle or inner wheel. The petals keep rolling up and down. Uneven, the whole flower posture swaying chic. Tubular flowers are underdeveloped and slightly exposed or not exposed when in full bloom. There are two subtypes of this type, the lower part of the long tube with larger diameter is straight, the end is bent with a hook, and the bottom of the hook often has a beak. The whole flap stretches like an eagle's claw, which is strong and powerful. These types are called talons subtypes. The outer disk curls or droops outward, and the inner disk supports the heart, and the overall shape is like a butterfly flying, which is called the butterfly dance subtype. 2 1. Hook-and-loop type: multi-wheel tongue-shaped flowers, large-diameter and medium-diameter tube petals, spoon petals between the inner wheels, and the ends of the tube petals are bent like hooks or rings. Tubular flowers are normal or rare, and they are bare or slightly exposed when they are in full bloom. The cirrus cloud set at the petal end looks like a cloud and is called cirrus subtype. Valve valve droops and the end of the tube curls, which is called drooping subtype. 22. garland type: tongue-shaped flower, multi-round, small-diameter tubular petals extend straight outward or droop, and the ends of petals are hooked but not curled. There are few or no tubular flowers and they are not exposed when they are in full bloom. 23. Bead-piercing type: tongue-shaped heavy wheel, with long, straight or curved small-diameter tube petals on the outer wheel, but all of them are weakly drooping, and the small-diameter tube petals on the inner wheel are short. The two ends of the tube are tightly coiled into small rings like beads. There are few or no tubular flowers and they are not exposed when they are in full bloom. Cinnamon 24. Flat laurel type: the tongue-shaped flowers are flat petals 1-3, and the tubular flowers become laurel petals (or star tubes), which is very remarkable. 25. osmanthus type: the tongue-shaped flower is a spoon petal, 1-3 circle. Tubular flowers become laurel petals (or star tubes), which is of great significance. 26. Guan Gui type: the ligulate flower is a tubular petal with 1-3 rounds. It is striking that the intersection of tubular flowers is laurel petals (or star tubes). 27. All-laurel type: tubular flowers, no ligulate flowers or only one degenerated ligulate flower, and the overall shape is obviously changed into laurel petal shape. Deformed petals 28. Dragon claw type: the tongue petal flower has several or more circles, usually tubular flowers, but there are also varieties with spoon petals or flat petals. All the terminal branches of the tongue flower have claws or split into tassels. Tubular flowers are normal or rare. 29. burr type: tongue-shaped flowers can be in various petal shapes, and the number of rounds is uncertain. It can be a single wheel, several wheels or even multiple wheels and heavy wheels. It is characterized by short hairs or spines on the petals of tongue-shaped flowers. Tubular flowers are normal or rare. 30. Pruning type: the tongue-shaped flower has multiple rounds to heavy rounds, the petals are narrow and flat, and the ends of the petals are finely split, such as pruning into velvet. In some varieties, petals overlap like pompoms. Tubular flowers are normal or rare. There are many varieties of chrysanthemums, and the variation is also great. New varieties keep appearing. Although the classification method of chrysanthemum has been preliminarily unified, it is still under discussion and exploration. In the systematic classification of chrysanthemums, there are bound to be some problems, for example, because some varieties are between two types (intermediate types), there are different opinions or different classifications. There is no need to insist on consistency, but it can be temporarily merged into similar types for further study. Classification of Japanese Chrysanthemum: Japanese varieties of large flowers are quite distinctive and have been introduced to China in recent years and are very popular. There are several kinds of big flowers in autumn chrysanthemum: thick things (hypertrophy): the flowers are spherical, the tongue-shaped flowers are heavy wheels, and the petals are neat in length, folded in and arranged closely, such as China's stacked ball type. The varieties are Guohua Guangqing, Guohua Tiancheng, Guohua Songyuan, Dafang Baishan, Dafang Qiuyue, Hong Lan, Baoxing Pinghe and Quanxiang Baishan. Rough walk (medium thickness): the flowers are spherical. This pattern is similar to that of a thick object, except that the outer wheel has a slender spoon flap or tube flap. The varieties are Guohua Guang Lin, Guohua Shanshui, Guohua Huaxing Dew, Dafang Taoyue, Dafang Early Spring, Dafang Meishan, Musashino and Baoxing Mountain Blowing. Big slap (big grab): the pattern looks thick, and the outer wheel is long and drooping. When in full bloom, the petals on both sides embrace each other to the heart, like two fists facing each other. The varieties are "Hua Yan Tong", "Floating Mountain Cloud" and "Cumulus Cloud of Ancient River". Tube (tubular): valve type, which can be divided into four categories according to the thickness of the valve: ① Taiwan tube (thick tube): the varieties are Guohua Pool * *, Penglai Well, Dafang Bai Bo and Quanxiang Glacier; ② Middle tube (middle tube): The varieties include Daheji, Guohua Jushui, all-fragrant snow blowing, pine branch lock and so on. ③ Fine tube: the varieties are "Guohua Aurora", "Quanxiang Xiaoqing" and "Wang Sui's reputation"; (4) Needles: The varieties are "full fragrance west wind", "autumn color of pasture", "autumn color of Yuguang" and "generous white line". Bottom line: Zhang Ju, also known as the Royal Pattern, has a round of tongue-shaped flowers with generally wide petals. They are flat, in the shape of the bottom of the ship, and the petals are arranged neatly, like a badge. 16 petals is the top grade. The varieties are Moonlight Palace, Tanmei Palace, Yu Guangyuan, Li Xiang Palace and Gaosha Palace. Meinung Chrysanthemum: It was developed in Meinung (Jifu County, Japan) a long time ago and evolved from the word chrysanthemum. Its petals are 2-4 rounds, flat, semi-double, 40-50 petals, and the flowers are rich in color. The varieties are "Anji" and "Meinong Brocade". [9] Classical chrysanthemum, a unique local variety in Japan, is an intermediate flower with special flower shape and leaf shape. Although imported from China, due to different customs in different countries, it is still difficult for the market to accept movie viewing, and the effect is not good. Japanese classical chrysanthemums can be divided into: Yi Shi Chrysanthemum: Chinese chrysanthemum with drooping petals like silk thread, which is characterized by tiny petals with a width of 65,438+0-2 mm that are twisted, cracked and shrunk. It has been the most commonly used chrysanthemum in camellia since ancient times. The representative varieties are "white hair" and "disorderly silk". Edo Chrysanthemum: It was originally called "Crazy Chrysanthemum". When Edo chrysanthemum begins to open, all the petals will droop slightly and open horizontally, and then the central petals will be folded in turn and wrapped around the stamens. Because of the different hugs, they can be divided into chasing hugs, folding hugs, chasing hugs, pill hugs, natural hugs, standing hugs and exposed hugs. The representative varieties are Edo Scroll, Edo Baosheng and Qingshui Pool. Crab-tailed chrysanthemum: It is said that this is an ancient variety cultivated by farmers in Xiewei village in Kyoto more than 300 years ago. Yi Shi Chrysanthemum is a variety of this chrysanthemum. Flowers are dozens of tiny petals like silk thread, which stand upright and open like brooms. It has been used as camellia or flower arrangement since ancient times. The representative varieties are Beautiful Women, Brocade and Reflection. Fat Chrysanthemum: According to legend, Hosokawa Morihiro, a warlord after fat, rewarded the cultivated chrysanthemum for its origin in order to improve the warrior's virtue. It was listed as one of the six flowers after fat. The flower shape is very simple, including flat petals, tubular petals, spoon petals, large, medium and small flowers, and many beautiful varieties. Among them, petiole vine and petiole vine are rain-resistant and suitable for open cultivation. Representative varieties include Sambo Classical Music, Sambo Light and Sambo Dancer. Ding Ziju: It is said that it was named Ding Ziju as early as18th century. In Europe and America, it is called Weng Cao Hua. The characteristics of this flower are that the petals in the stamens are tubular (tubular flowers), and the petals of Ding flowers (shaped like Ding) expand and bloom. For example, according to the petal shape around the T-shape, it can be divided into flat petal Queena Ding, closed stator, eight petal Ding Zi and spoon petal Queena Ding. Representative species are "seabirds on the shore" and "ladders on the shore".