What are the seed treatment techniques for crop seedlings? How to promote germination quickly?

In spring, flower lovers need to cultivate flowers and vegetable seedlings. In order to make the germination speed faster, Xiu Xiu Institute has arranged several common seed germination methods for you today, hoping to help you raise seedlings this year.

1. Soak seeds with water: the principle of accelerating germination is that the seed coat softens, the seed body swells, breaks dormancy and promotes germination. There are two ways to soak seeds with warm water or hot water. Soaking seeds in warm water is suitable for seeds with not too hard seed coat and not too high water content. The water temperature for soaking seeds is 40 ~ 50℃, and the water consumption is 5 ~ 10 times of the seed volume. After soaking the seeds, stir until the water cools, change the water every 24 hours, and take them out to dry the water after the seeds swell. Hot water soaking is suitable for seeds with hard seed coat. The water temperature of soaking seeds is 60 ~ 90℃, and the water consumption is 5 ~ 10 times of the seed volume. Pour hot water into a container filled with SMG seeds and stir while pouring. Generally, the seeds are soaked for about 30 minutes, taken out, put into 4-5 times of cold water, stirred and cooled, soaked for 12-24 hours, taken out to dry after the seeds swell, and then sown.

2. Treating seeds before seedling raising can double the germination rate. 2. Acid-base treatment of seeds: Hard-shell seeds can be soaked in corrosive acid-base solution to make the seed coat thinner, increase permeability and promote germination. Soak in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid 10 ~ 120 seconds, or soak in 10% sodium hydroxide for about 24 hours. Rinse with clean water after taking out, and then germinate or sow.

3. Layering treatment of seeds: put the seeds into a flowerpot big enough, mix them with 3-5 times of wet sand (the humidity should be rubbed by hand, and it is best to spread them when touching), alternately place sand and seed layers, and insert sokcho into the pot for ventilation. About half a month before spring sowing, check the germination of two-color ball in time, and sow when the seeds are exposed more than 30%.

4. napkin germination: it is specially used to treat seeds that are not easy to germinate. Fold the paper towel into a medium size, put it in a shallow container, pour boiling water, pour out the excess water in the container, put the seeds on it (the seeds that are difficult to germinate are soaked for about 8 hours), then put them in a fresh-keeping bag or plastic bag, and put them in a cool and scattered place. Observe the germination of the seeds once a day. Once exposed, be sure to sow in time. Treating seeds in this way before seedling raising can double the germination rate.

5. Low-temperature treatment of seeds: For flowers cultivated in the open field in the north, some seeds need to be treated at low temperature (0- 10℃) for a certain period of time to promote after-ripening and break the dormancy of embryos to germinate. Mix the seeds with sand with a humidity of 60% (that is, sand that can be kneaded by hand and scattered after being released), then put them into plastic bags, tie the mouth tightly, put them into flowerpots, then bury the flowerpots in the open air to a depth of 40-60 cm, or put the seeds into a refrigerator at 3- 5℃ for 60-90 days, and then take them out for direct sowing in spring.

6. Seed temperature change treatment: some flower seeds, such as tassels, peony, peony, etc. , has the habit of double dormancy of radicle and hypocotyl, that is, radicle needs to go through a high temperature stage of 25-32℃ 1-2 months or longer to break dormancy germination, but at this time its hypocotyl is still in a dormant state and needs to be released after 3-5℃ 1-3 months. For this kind of seed, before sowing, after mixing with wet sand, it should be treated at high temperature for a certain period of time. Then, the seeds can germinate in a short time after sowing.