What exactly are magic and metaphysics?

Magic is basically a concept from the west. For example, English uses different words to distinguish magic more accurately, such as magic (magic, magic, illusion, spell), witchcraft (witchcraft, witchcraft, witchcraft) and witchcraft, and each word contains subtle differences. But some magicians think that the word magic is too different from magic, so they add "k" after "magic" to show the difference, so as to show that magic is different from magic used to entertain the audience on the stage. There are men and women driving magic. Men are called witches or wizards, and women are called witches, witches or witches. They can also be called warlocks, magicians or wizards. They use "magic" instead of "magic"

Magic is mostly a mysterious force or behavior, which is the product of imagination. On the other hand, it is one of the non-existent things that people want to realize most. Explained but unconfirmed supernatural phenomena are usually classified as science, but they can't be called magic, so magic can only be considered as the product of imagination at present. But if there is a state of affairs that "its principle can be successfully explained and utilized", it may be called magic.

brief introduction

Magic, MagicK, is a skill that uses magic to stimulate the free magic elements of the outside world and control them to achieve specific effects.

[Edit this paragraph] Ⅰ. The origin of magic

(1) A Brief History of Magic Philology

Before talking about magic philology, we must first define the concept of magic. The word magic comes from a wide range of sources, the most important of which is the extension of smoke screen and the generalization of curse spells used by demons. At first, some scary creatures named "dragons" appeared in the world, which posed a great threat to the lives and property of human beings and other races, so many warriors went to slaughter dragons. But they soon discovered that the dragon's power could not be defeated by force alone, so some smelters devoted themselves to this cause. They first made some substances that were destructive to the body, and these formulas are now considered as the embryonic form of magic. Later, it was further discovered that some language communication with dragons can weaken or even limit the activities of dragons in battle, and the unique spiritual communication of demons is particularly effective for this, which is the origin of the curse. At the same time, because the dragons collected a lot of treasures, some profit-hungry people began to try their best to seek the treasure of the dragons through "peace", and the blindness method was born. In the 1 century, due to the effectiveness of the smoke screen method, this kind of magic developed rapidly, and by the middle of the 4th century, there were no fewer than 600 kinds. Since then, all kinds of magic have developed rapidly.

With the development of magic, it is essential to record and organize these items. As early as the late 4th century, a group of magicians began to compile some recipes from alchemists, among which Henry's The Extraction of Boiled Salt is the most famous, but it is generally not considered as the origin of magic classics. By the middle of the 5th century, the great magician Wilson had written the first recognized magic classic-The Dragon Slayer Code. This book summarizes the development of magic for more than two centuries in detail, and expounds the experience of learning magic in the form of basic principles. This book records more than 20,000 various spells. However, in 46 1 year, the ignorant and stupid orc king Lava II listened to sinister rumors and severely punished the dragon slaying code as a typical case of private law against kingship without investigation. Wilson was cruelly thrown into a boiling pot, his 19 disciples were persecuted to death, and The Dragon Slayer itself was set on fire. This tragedy obviously hindered the development of magic philology, and other classics did not appear until the middle of the eighth century.

The human prophet Faatong wrote his book Power and Magic in 703, but it was only a test of the current situation and did not constitute a real magic classic. What really brought the revival of magic philology was the second disciple of Fatong, the faithful disciple of the prophet Augustus and the wealthy businessman Hastings. As we all know, Augustus, one of the twelve warriors of Youshi in 746, sealed the demon king with amazing power. But with his death, this powerful magic was unfortunately lost. The main reason here is not that Augustus' disciples don't have the divine power of the master. If they are given enough time to practice, it is not impossible to finally master the ability to seal demons. The fundamental reason is that this magic has not been preserved in the form of words, and the prophets have long passed on their magic by oral means. The regret of losing this powerful spell directly led to the outbreak of the "Magic Movement". Hastings is very interested in magic. He provided his six luxurious manors to magicians everywhere for free, and asked them to record the props, recipes, spells and casting process of magic. He also spent a lot of money and food. During the four years from 749 to 753, more than 2,000 magicians lived in Hastings Manor, which was once called "Six Schools of Magic". The records of each manor were compiled into five volumes, which were directly compiled into 30 volumes of Hastings Magic Trace.

However, Hastings' efforts are incomplete. Although there are more than 50,000 magical records in 30 volumes, there are many repetitions, contradictions and even completely false fabrications. The classic station proofreads and verifies that only 1.7 million is left. Moreover, due to too many handlers, the writing of this Xue Ji is not uniform. To make matters worse, it is very difficult to find an item without the basic outline of the master book. Even a master of textual research like Dian Tai can't help but sigh: "Hastings left us a classic that can never be sorted out." In this way, Xue Ji's shortcomings are obvious. In 765, Thomas Law of bosman Magicians Association tried to index this book, but with the outbreak of the eight-nation melee, this effort failed.

In the war-torn era, editing this Xue Ji is not only time-consuming but also dangerous. But I managed to finish it, and arranged it according to the division of each department, with a total of 286 10. What needs to be explained here is that on the one hand, it is not allowed to experiment at will with the six kinds of destructive magic, such as doomsday judgment, cloud of destruction, doomsday storm, thunder blasting, serial lightning and thunderbolt ring, on the other hand, it is inhuman to keep such mass destruction magic, so these six kinds of magic are only for preservation, only describing the origin and deeds, and not keeping records of props, spells and casting processes. Magic literature in ancient scrolls: magic skills: alchemy, summoning, mystery, change, destruction, recovery, illusion. There is more magic in the expansion of thriller island and nine knights. Magic Instruments: Sorcerer's Stone, Kakies Ring (Lord of the Rings), Magic Breaker (Supreme Shield), Golden Mang Sword, Ou Lin Birklow Helmet, etc. Sorcerer's stone is divided into black and white. Wizards' unions generally strictly control the use of dangerous containers such as the Black Sorcerer's Stone. In addition, there are some amulets, such as the king asking the protagonist to give it to his last son, so that he can inherit the throne against the demon king Degen.

If you have just started to contact witchcraft or magic, or just started to learn, I think this will be an enlightening article. I will tell you some basic points and what you want to learn-although seemingly insignificant, it will profoundly affect your future study and make you get twice the result with half the effort.

Witchcraft/magic is a religious belief.

Are you ready to accept a new belief or even a new way of life?

This is a very basic common sense, although it is often ignored. The definitions of "witchcraft" and "magic" are still unclear. You may think that a branch of Judaism teaches magic, or Enoch is witchcraft, but for foreigners, the meditation or Taoism of Tibetan Buddhism is undoubtedly magic. From a certain point of view, witchcraft or magic is actually a general term for mainstream religious beliefs to other non-mainstream belief systems, that is, paganism.

Almost all witchcraft and magic are based on some kind of belief. The cure of Isis comes from the worship of the Egyptian goddess. Druids and Celtic magic are undoubtedly closely related to Nordic mythology. Kabbalah and Sufi came from Judaism and Islam respectively, and modern witch belief (Wicca) became a new religion independently. Simply put, people who don't believe in angels can't practice the magic of summoning angels, and people who don't believe in the existence of goblins can't try to communicate with goblins, so faith is the basis of witchcraft/magic.

Of course, you can only learn some small skills (such as the small spells that are full of online), but if you want to go deep, faith is essential. So at the beginning, you should understand that you are in contact with a belief (almost a religious belief) and may accept it as your lifelong belief-just like Christians and Buddhists. So, if you are already a believer in a certain religion, I suggest you find the origin of mysticism within your own religion (any religion has such a thing), don't be fooled by all kinds of magical sayings popular in the market, and follow a heritage that you don't know at all, lest one day you fall to the point of "betraying your past beliefs or giving up your beloved career".

There are many kinds of magic.

Get to know different schools well and choose the traditions you will follow carefully.

After reading the above, I believe you should have a little understanding of the colorful degree of magic. This may be a little different from our general concept. Many people think that "magic" is just "magic", which can be divided into so-called "white magic" and "black magic" at most, or maybe it can be divided into "summoning" and "cursing"? But the truth is-it's not like this at all. China government forbids religious groups to carry out missionary activities in public places, so you may find these things mysterious. However, in foreign countries, there are many mysterious religious orders, and their conformity is far less than that of several major religions, but there are also many. However, the system and types of witchcraft/magic are so complicated and outrageous because of their different beliefs and subordinate schools. Some of them have achieved the same goal, while others are quite different. Of course, there will also be so-called "mainstream" witchcraft/magic and "non-mainstream".

At this time, you will understand why there are two people who study magic, but nothing they say is similar. It is very important to know different schools and respect other different schools even after in-depth study. In an argument, it is likely that no one is wrong, but what everyone said is not the same thing at all.

The best way is to learn about different school traditions first, and then choose what you think is most suitable for you for in-depth study. For a person who has just started to contact this field, he can "roam" for one or two years, even ten or eight years, and then decide the final learning direction. After all, this is a cautious question. Of course, for those who are determined to become "magicians" (let's call them magicians for the time being, and you will naturally understand why this word is superficial in your study), you should also avoid the "buying mentality". You will pounce on anything novel but never insist on it, so that you will achieve nothing in the end.

It is important to learn to judge.

Know them, but don't trust them easily until they prove to you that they are true.

I'm afraid I don't need to refute the disadvantages of education in China. The fatal flaw is that our education has never taught us how to judge. No matter what we see, we will believe it, and the judgment of its authenticity depends on where we see it. The authorities are right. There is no misprint in the book. A portal must be more correct than a corner station.

Now you should abandon all these ideas and learn to judge with your eyes, brain and heart. It must be said that witchcraft/magic is a dangerous river, which contains reefs formed by various misconceptions, crocodiles that covet your money and even your life, and eddies caused by incomprehensible ideas. The harm caused by computer virus, fraud and other reasons is everywhere. It can lead you to the ocean of wisdom, or it can plunge you into a bottomless abyss.

It takes tact and courage to cross the river, and soon you will find that all kinds of irrelevant theoretical methods, beliefs and commandments are overwhelming to you. Be brave enough to understand all theories, but be skeptical about everything you see and be more careful about what others say. Even the compiled classics may be full of mistakes. Don't believe anything you can't judge as "true", even if you can't judge as "untrue" yet. Just wait and see, whatever you make up will always reveal clues.

This is a very difficult thing for beginners, and even experts sometimes can't tell which is true and which is false-this is the characteristic of witchcraft/magic. But at the same time, if you learn to distinguish and judge, you already have the basic potential of a magician. In history, any famous mystic is a philosopher, theologian, mathematician, doctor and even a natural scientist. Wisdom is always one of the basic characteristics of wizards.

(4) Looking for excellent tutors.

A good tutor is worth serving him all your life, while a fake tutor can only take you to hell.

An excellent tutor will pave the way for your future, and he can help you to struggle less for ten years or even your whole life. To tell the truth, whether you can know a good tutor depends entirely on your personal blessings and chances. But I can tell you what an excellent tutor should be like. This is not a model. Every tutor has his own temperament habits. But if the discrepancy is too big, the tutor is likely to be a liar-this is very common.

A tutor should have profound wisdom. A person can be called a teacher because he is outstanding in a certain field. Therefore, you should first consider his knowledge. He should not only know a little more than you, but should be an expert in a certain field. He can explain things clearly to you from beginning to end, quote classics and give convincing reasons at the same time.

Family education should have a gentle temperament. It's hard to express in words, but you'll understand when you meet it. Those excellent tutors are polite to others and equally persuasive to students. They will not start or interrupt your study at will, nor will they be rude to your problems. Of course, a gentle temperament is not necessary for a "great magician", but if you don't have this temperament, you are not suitable to be a teacher. At least your study is easy to get twice the result with half the effort.

Finally, I strongly suggest that you must seriously examine the tutor's character. Because the lives of mystics in history are mostly mysterious, we have no way to examine their personalities. But what is certain is that even if a person has a high degree, if his character is poor to the end, you'd better give him up. He may cheat you of your money with his profound knowledge, or teach you some useless things-such a teacher has a bad temperament.

Tutors also have to eat, and a certain reward is completely understandable. But here also warns you that a person who is insatiable for money and fame has no chance to become a great magician. They put fame and fortune above truth and God. It is conceivable that they can't concentrate on their studies and can't be pure in the face of truth. You'd better stay away from such people. In terms of knowledge and character, he certainly doesn't deserve to be a mentor.

Once you choose a tutor, you should trust him and listen to him. No matter how hard the process is, you should study hard. An excellent tutor will think of the students, and at the same time, you should be an excellent student who is worthy of this tutor. Similarly, if you don't have a mentor, don't give up. He may be waiting for you on your future road, and there are not a few people who teach themselves.

⑤ Some final suggestions.

Proficient in at least one foreign language

Some people hate foreign languages, but you'd better learn them, or you'll never see the true face of the literature and eat what others chew, which is obviously bad for your judgment. English is certainly a great choice. Almost all the classic books in the world have English versions. There are also many documents in German and French. Most of the documents related to Jewish mysterious tradition are in Hebrew. If Buddhism can contact Sanskrit (although it is no longer practical), there are also many ancient documents in Arabic. In addition, if you are interested, you can also contact some ancient Chinese characters, which will bring you a special sense of superiority.

Read as much as possible

As many as possible, as many kinds as possible, as wide as possible. Whether it is useful or not, every book has its value (I'm not talking about romance novels). This will play a great role in your judgment and even wisdom. You can also look at the teachings of different religions and learn about different witchcraft rituals and the thoughts of different scholars, which will be very interesting.

Begin to meditate

Although there are many kinds of witchcraft/magic, almost all of its basic practice methods include meditation, so even if you haven't determined your own direction, you can start meditation first. There are many ways to meditate. You can also create your own meditation method, but the essence is: keep a comfortable posture, relax all over, focus on something (it can be a flower, a sound, or something comfortable but not obvious) or think nothing, experience a calm heart and keep your mind clear. Meditation needs to be gradual, with emphasis on persistence. You can start by sitting for five minutes every morning, and one day you will find that you can sit for an hour or more without feeling tired.

[Edit this paragraph] ⅵ. Famous magician

Magicians have existed for as long as human history. As great wizards, they have the dominance that we mortals dream of but can't reach. As long as we wave our wands, we can control the path of destiny.

These gifted people have the ability to shape the world of good and evil, and their stories are full of history, myths and legends. A strange man like God knows everything. They can use magic to travel in different worlds, communicate and talk with the souls there, and they can change their shapes or become invisible at will. They can also predict the future.

Wizards have been talked about by people since ancient times. Our favorite modern wizard may only exist in a fictional fantasy world, but this dream will never die.

1, Merlin-Sword in the Stone

Merlin is a close friend of the legendary King Arthur of England. Legend has it that Merlin led King Arthur to the sword in the stone and ruled England. It is said that Merlin is a very powerful magician. His father is a demon and his mother is a nun. He inherited his father's magic and transformation ability, and his mother's kindness to help others. However, Merlin is lewd and lewd. It is said that the fairy in the lake once cast a spell to trap Merlin among thorns, but she has not escaped yet.

2. Gandalf The Lord of the Rings

Gandalf is a magician comparable to Merlin. He is an immortal old man. He is the most famous singer. In the third age, as a wizard, he secretly helped against Sauron's middle-earth forces. Different races in middle-earth have different names for him, and Gandalf is what northerners call him.

3. Odin)- "Rune Master"

Odin is the greatest god in Northern Europe. He is regarded as the "father of the gods" in Asgard. He has great magic power, and can even discover the wisdom of Luen's writing. He is a mysterious alphabet code that explores the nature of life. He has the ability to describe and depict Lu Enzheng's words, bring the dead back to life, and then talk to them.

The most powerful mage in Azeroth's history created the dark portal and was possessed by Sargeras.

[Edit this paragraph] VII. DND magic school

Protection system (confinement)

As the name implies, protective spells are mainly based on protection. They can create physical or magical barriers, eliminate physical or magical abilities, harm intruders, and even expel life from other planes. The representative spells of the protection department are: (protecting evil spirits), (disarming magic), (preventing magic field) and (banishing).

If the distance between active protection spells is more than 24 hours within 10 feet, the boundary between them will produce almost invisible magic fluctuations. Therefore, the DC of the (search) check related to this protection spell is reduced by 4.

Some protection spells can create barriers to stop certain creatures, but they cannot be used to repel such creatures. If you use it to repel such creatures, you will obviously feel the pressure of the enchantment. If you keep pushing, the spell will disappear.

Metaphysics, a trend of thought advocating Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi that appeared in Wei and Jin Dynasties in China, generally refers to metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The concept of "Xuan" was first seen in Laozi: "Xuan is mysterious and the door to all miracles." Wang Bi's "A Brief Introduction to Laozi" said: "The deep one is also deep." Metaphysics is a theory to study profound problems.

Metaphysics is the study and explanation of Laozi, Zhuangzi and Zhouyi. Produced in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. It is the main philosophical trend of thought in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is a philosophical and cultural trend of thought produced by the integration of Taoism and Confucianism.

Its main ideological and theoretical basis is the expression of Taoist thought. It can be said that metaphysics is a branch or improvement of Taoism.

The word "Xuan" comes from Laozi's Tao Te Ching, which is a "mysterious and mysterious, wonderful door" with profound and subtle words. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, it was more than 200 years of troubled times, and the Ming-Jiao orthodox Confucianism, which ruled the ideological circle for nearly 400 years, began to lose its charm. Scholars are generally tired of the tedious Confucian classics and the platitudes of the three cardinal guides and the five permanent members in the Han Dynasty, so they turn to looking for new and metaphysical philosophical arguments.

In Wei and Jin Dynasties, the meaning of metaphysics refers to both words and deeds, and most of them are profound. "Xuanyuan" refers to the ontological problem of "transcending words and images" and staying away from concrete things. Therefore, emptiness, metaphysics and knowledge of metaphysics can be called metaphysics. Metaphysics scholars are mostly celebrities at that time. The main representatives are Yanhe, Wang Bi, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang. Based on the decline of Confucianism (Confucian classics) in Han Dynasty, it was produced to make up for the deficiency of Confucianism. It evolved from Taoism and Huang Lao's theory in Han Dynasty.

Wei Jin people attached great importance to Laozi, Zhuangzi and Yijing, and called them "San Xuan". The main representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties are Yanhe, Wang Bi, Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang. The emergence of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties has its profound social background and ideological and cultural background. In short, it came into being on the basis of the decline of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty to make up for the deficiency of Confucianism. It evolved from Taoism and the theory of Huang Lao in Han Dynasty. It is the product of the direct evolution of Wei Chu dialect in the late Han Dynasty.

Basic characteristics of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties;

① Taking San Xuan as the main research object, the Book of Changes is interpreted by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi.

(2) around the dialectical question of "existence". Metaphysics is represented by Yanhe and Wang Bi, and regards "nothing" as the foundation and unity of the world. Pei Wei, a theorist who worships existence, believes that existence is self-generated, and self-generation is embodied by something.

The basic content of his philosophy is to explore the world ontology. Gui Feizi regards "nothing" as the existence basis of "being" and puts forward the ontological thought of "nothing"; Guo Xiang, on the other hand, advocates the individualization theory, believing that "you" exists alone and does not need "nothing" as his own ontology.

④ Its philosophical purpose is to solve the relationship between religion and nature in Ming Dynasty. Wang Bi interpreted the Book of Changes and The Analects of Confucius by interpreting Confucianism, which reconciled the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism. He believes that Ming Jiao is the "end", nature is the "foundation", Ming Jiao is the inevitable expression of nature, and the two are the relationship between end and body. Guo Xiang put forward the theory that Taoism is natural, and thought that Taoism is natural and consistent with Confucianism. Ruan Ji and Ji Kang put forward the idea of "letting nature take its course", showing the tendency of anti-Confucianism.

⑤ Take "forgetting words with pride" as the method. In view of the complicated interpretation methods of Han and Confucianism, Wang Bi and Guo Xiang emphasized the principle of justice when demonstrating problems, opposed insisting on words and images, and put forward the methods of "forgetting words with pride" and "sending words to express meaning".

⑥ Taking "distinguishing names and analyzing reasons" as its philosophical thinking form. Metaphysics attaches great importance to the distinction between name and reason, and is good at analyzing and reasoning concepts. The distinction between name and reason is one of the basic characteristics of its thinking form.

Metaphysics, in terms of its philosophical category, can be called metaphysics. "Metaphysics" is simply an abstract meaning. Metaphysics is to explain and develop some abstract contents in an image way. Metaphysics can also be called metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Metaphysics originated in Wei and Jin Dynasties and prevailed in Sui and Tang Dynasties, which was closely related to the society at that time. In short, Wei and Jin Dynasties were the period of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. We watched the Three Kingdoms stand up for a while and you hit me, and then I hit you. If we lived in that era, it is conceivable that people and intellectuals at that time always felt precarious, so talking about theory could easily become the main activity in society at that time, so as to temporarily satisfy the spiritual world and escape from such cruel reality. There is a sentence that can sum up the characteristics of metaphysics: the spirit of Sui and Tang Dynasties and the character of Wei and Jin Dynasties. The combination of these two reasons doomed metaphysics, which is mysterious and profound, but also has the function of satisfying the spiritual world and comforting the soul.

Later, the connotation of metaphysics was continuously expanded and enriched by later alchemists. There are five systems: mountain, medicine, life, divination and phase. The ideas of these metaphysical systems are borrowed from the theory of Yin and Yang in the pre-Qin period, but these ideas are not directly borrowed, mainly because of the rise of Taoism in the Han Dynasty. When they perfected their ideological system, they not only quoted Tao Te Ching as a classic, but also enriched the theory of Yin and Yang and the theory of five elements of morality, so metaphysics has a very deep relationship with Taoism.

The content of mountain refers to self-cultivation, meditation and internal training, which can generally include: guidance, inner alchemy, outer alchemy, martial arts and so on. His representative works include Taiqing Health Guide, May 6th Fairy Tale, Singing the Truth, Bronze Fu Tie Chan, Taiji Biography, five elements boxing and so on.

Medical skill is an ancient Chinese medicine system, and the treatment methods are divided into acupuncture, decoction, massage, wishing, etc. Representative works include Huangdi Neijing, Huangdi Eighty-one Difficult Classic, Pulse Classic, Acupuncture, Compendium of Materia Medica, Tangtousong and so on.

Numerology refers to the knowledge of calculating the fate of life. There are four pillars, Wei Zi Doodle, and the life theory of nine planets. Representative works include Yuan Hai Zi Ping, Ming Di Bu and Wei Zi Dou Shu Quan Shu.

Divination refers to the act of divining fortune, which can be roughly divided into six hexagrams, plum blossoms, six donkeys and strange doors. His representative works include Lin Yi, Additions and Additions, Changes of Plum Blossoms, Huang Shishu, Daquan Shu, Qimen, etc.

Methods of observing people's faces, geographical environment, etc. Roughly divided into: face, palm reading, feng shui and so on. Representative works include Liu Zhuang Aquilaria Resinatum, Ma Shen Yi Xiang and Encyclopedia of Geography.

Tell me about the mystery man?

1. Scholars gathered around Yanhe with Luoyang as the center. Wang Bi, Zhong Hui, Xun Rong.

2. Xia Houxuan-centered celebrities.

3. Bamboo celebrities who appeared after the middle period of Zhengshi.

Theoretical problems of metaphysics?

1, the problem of saints' sentimentality-making peace

2. Is there any background-Wang Bi

3. The problem of sound without sorrow and joy-Ji Kang

4. Public and private issues-Ji Kang

5, health problems-Ji Kang

6, the relationship between words and meanings-Xun Shen

The way of metaphysical existence?

Metaphysical discussion, writing and interpretation of Lao, Yi and Zhuang.

Why talk about Zhuangzi?

Confucianism declined, and so did the Confucian classics themselves. On "Laozi and Zhuangzi" as a political refuge at that time and a vassal of other nobles and celebrities.