How to manage wisteria in Northeast China

(1) Fixed point: Plow and harrow the fields to be planted with trees, and then fix the points according to the planned plant spacing. When fixing the point, make a pole with bamboo pole or hemp pole, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape for easy insertion into the soil. When measuring the planting point, first measure a baseline according to the terrain, houses or roads, then measure a line perpendicular to the baseline, and then mark the position of each fruit tree according to the predetermined spacing. If the area is large or the garden is built on a hilly slope, first of all, a benchmark should be set up in the center of the nursery, and then the mature plots should be divided and measured separately.

(2) Excavation: excavation can be started after the fixed point is set. The size and depth of book holes should be determined according to soil conditions. Sandy loam soil is loose and its roots are easy to elongate. The number of holes can be slightly less, with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 40 cm. Clay soil is so sticky that it is difficult to stick out its roots. Tree holes are larger in diameter and depth. Nursery network. When digging a tree hole, the topsoil within 25 cm from the surface and the subsoil below should be stacked separately. When planting, the cooked topsoil, decomposed manure and farmyard manure should be mixed evenly (or put some compound fertilizer appropriately). Backfill near the root group, then press the core soil on it.

2. The planting period of Lagerstroemia indica is generally1late October to late March of the following year 165438+. Autumn sowing date should be as early as possible after defoliation and before soil freezing. In spring, Lagerstroemia indica seedlings should be planted after soil thawing and before germination. The advantage of autumn planting is that the planting time of Lagerstroemia indica in autumn is early and the ground temperature is Shang Gao, which is beneficial to the active and even growing roots in that year. Early planting in spring, low ground temperature, slow growth of new roots and large atmospheric evaporation will inevitably affect the survival rate of seedlings.

Third, the environment requires Lagerstroemia indica to germinate late. Under normal circumstances, leaves will be exhibited at the end of April, and new plants will be delayed because of root injury. So don't give up management just because you have no job. Lagerstroemia indica has strong adaptability to environmental conditions, is drought-resistant and cold-resistant, and has no strict requirements on soil, but it grows sturdily in fertile, deep, loose and slightly acidic soil and has a long flowering period. Fear of waterlogging, avoid planting in places with high groundwater level and low humidity; Like light, growth and flowering need plenty of sunshine and a little shade tolerance; It thrives in a warm and humid climate. Lagerstroemia indica also has strong anti-pollution ability, which can resist toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and chlorine. It is an ideal flower for beautifying the environment in industrial and mining areas and residential areas.

Fourth, planting and management.

(1) planting

Lagerstroemia indica is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. Water it once a year before germination in spring and after defoliation in autumn. If it is not too dry at ordinary times, there is no need to water it. Generally, water 1 ~ 3 times in spring drought, and drain well in rainy season to prevent water from rotting roots. Nursery network. 1. Ground planting: it should be planted after defoliation in June 1 1 to March of the following year. When planting, the trunk height should be 160~ 180 cm, and the upper part should be cut off. After the new spring bamboo shoots grow, we should choose 3~4 main branches with suitable angles to bloom.

(2) Fertilization

It is best to apply organic fertilizer, such as human excrement or sesame paste residue, after defoliation in winter and before germination in spring every year, so that plants will grow vigorously and flowers will be large and colorful in the coming year. Generally speaking, the management of Lagerstroemia indica is still relatively extensive. In early March, shoot fertilizer was applied in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; in late May and early June, phosphorus and potassium were applied 1 time to strengthen branches and promote flowers; in late July and early September, flowering fertilizer 1 time was applied respectively to make flowers bloom brightly.

(3) Pruning

In order to make Osmunda bloom, pruning should be carried out during dormancy. Because the inflorescence of Lagerstroemia indica is planted at the top of the new branches of the year, the annual branches should be pruned and retracted when pruning, so that the nutrients are relatively concentrated and the branches are strong. Long branches, dead branches, drooping branches, pests and diseases branches, slender branches and endogenous branches should be cut off, and the side branches at the lower part of the trunk should be cut off in time during the young tree period, so that the upper part of the trunk can obtain sufficient nutrients and form a good crown.

The flowers of Lagerstroemia indica grow at the top of the spring shoots that germinated that year, with strong germination and irregular crown, which needs pruning. 1. Winter pruning: Winter pruning is very important to ensure normal flowering and form large inflorescences. Growers on the ground should cut off the branches of the current year at the height of the main branches, so that the robust branches can blossom in the next year. Pruning of Lagerstroemia indica is mainly in dormant period, supplemented by growing season, and different pruning methods are adopted according to different garden environments.

(1) naturally happy shape. Before Lagerstroemia indica leaves the garden, 3 ~ 5 big branches can be selected as main branches, and 1 ~ 2 branches with different angles and balanced growth can be selected as side branches. When pruning every year, the upper branches with larger angles should be selected as extension branches and pruned appropriately. This kind of tree has good permeability and can blossom in three dimensions.

(2) Stratification of trunk. This tree needs obvious trunk and main branches. The trunk is layered and the main branches are evenly distributed on the trunk. Generally, there are about 4 main branches, and 2 left and right side branches are left on the main branch. This tree shape is suitable for garden cultivation and solitary tree planting. (3) control flowering pruning. In order to make Lagerstroemia indica bloom in the "Eleventh", the new shoots of Lagerstroemia indica in full bloom can be cut short in early August, and all the branches and leaves at the tip of the flower branches can be cut off by about 1/3. After that, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, apply fertilizer for 2 ~ 3 times, and flower buds can form again on the new shoots in about 30 days. Generally, it can bloom again in about 50 days from the date of cutting short, adding a festive atmosphere to the festival.

Editor of Jiangxi Lvnong Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.