Methods of transplanting fruit seedlings (what are the methods of transplanting fruit seedlings)

1, transplant site leveling and soil improvement:

The transplant site should be cleared of garbage, the land should be basically flat, the soil should be deeply turned and mixed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder for sterilization or sun exposure disinfection.

The soil improvement in the transplant site depends on the tree species planted. If it is an alkali-loving tree species, lime can be used to improve the soil. If it is an acid-loving tree species, ferrous sulfate can be used to improve the soil. Generally, trees like acidic soil or slightly acidic soil, and the soil in general transplant sites is mostly acidic or slightly acidic, so the soil pH value in most transplant sites can meet the requirements of transplanted tree species, but the soil pH value in different places is different. If necessary, the soil can be improved according to the above methods.

2, the best season for transplantation:

Only by choosing the most suitable transplanting season can the survival rate of seedlings be improved. The suitable season also varies with different tree species. It is generally appropriate to transplant tree species in spring. Deciduous trees such as peach, pear, plum, apricot and jujube can be transplanted in autumn and spring, and autumn planting is the best after defoliation: deciduous evergreen trees such as citrus, kumquat, huyou and loquat need to be transplanted in spring. In Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, generally speaking, 1 1 month, late February to early March of the following year are the most suitable for transplantation, and the latest is late March.

3. The excavation and selection of seedlings:

According to the preparation and weather conditions of the plantation, it is decided to dig seedlings. Digging, transportation and planting should be carried out on the same day, and the exposure time of mud balls and roots should be shortened as much as possible. Use heels as much as possible for seedlings and bagged seedlings, and use rootless seedlings as little as possible. It is necessary to choose strong seedlings with strong branching ability, developed main lateral roots and capillary roots, and no pests and diseases.

4. Seed dressing:

Pay attention to the tree shape of saplings before digging. According to the present situation of the tree, prune or shrink the branches appropriately, and cut off the overgrown branches, pests and diseases branches, overgrown branches, overlapping branches, cross branches and drooping branches. Roots should also be trimmed properly, and cracked roots, excessively long roots and pest roots should be cut off, so as to facilitate the growth balance between the ground and the ground. For deciduous trees, 1/5 to 2/3 branches can be cut off. Trees with main shoots, such as ginkgo biloba, can only be thinned, not shrunk. Pruning-resistant tree species, such as Sophora japonica, can be pruned with their heads. For evergreen coniferous trees, such as pine trees, only dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, drooping branches and over-dense branches are cut off. Citrus and loquat seedlings should be cut off when transplanting.

5, mud ball size is appropriate:

Generally speaking, the size of seedling mud ball is 10 times that of seedling DBH. Digging the mud ball too small will damage the roots and be detrimental to the survival of seedlings. Mud ball is more than 10 times of DBH of seedlings, which is beneficial to the survival of seedlings, but it will bring some difficulties to operation and transportation. The clay ball should be wrapped tightly and never loose. For deep-rooted or straight-rooted tree species, the main root should be cut off to promote the formation of lateral roots. For other big roots that need to be removed, be careful to saw them off. It is absolutely forbidden to cut off roots with shovels or hoes, which will affect the integrity of mud balls and the survival rate of seedlings.

6, transportation operation:

The seedlings should be handled with care during loading and transportation, and the mud balls should not be broken. If the mud ball is too big to be moved manually, it can be loaded and unloaded by crane where conditions permit, and it should also be hung with a net bag. When hoisting, don't tie a rope to the main pole of seedlings to avoid hurting seedlings or mud balls. The seedlings should be put on the car, with the mud ball facing forward and the crown facing backward, neat and close. If there are exposed roots, wrap them tightly in woven bags. After loading, cover it with tarpaulin and tie it tightly with rope to avoid loosening and breaking mud balls on the road and ensure the survival rate of seedlings.

7. Scientific planting:

Sow in time and strive to sow on the same day. If there is no shortage that day, be sure to water and moisturize with fake value. The seedlings with soil balls should be handled with care, and the big mud balls should be unloaded by crane, which can be directly put into the dug tree pit. It's best to work overtime on the same day to plant. In case of poor planting, mud balls and branches should be watered that night to keep them moist, and must be planted the next day.

Dig a tree pit. The tree pit should be dug in advance, round or square, with a general specification of 80cm× 80cm, and the size is consistent from top to bottom. Tree pits with mud balls should be 20 cm larger than the diameter of the mud balls. If you want to put decomposed organic fertilizer at the bottom of the tree pit, you should deepen the pit and backfill appropriate amount of mature soil on the base fertilizer. When the soil in the tree pit is dry, you should soak it in advance so that the seedlings can absorb water after planting.

Before scientific planting, the seedlings must be inspected, and the damaged seedlings should be treated in time: directional transplantation should be done as much as possible to make it consistent with the original growth direction of seedlings; Before planting, make clear the package or rope on the mud ball, so that the root system can be well combined with the soil, which is conducive to rooting; The planting depth should be appropriate, the planting depth is too deep, the permeability is poor, the root system is not easy to grow, the planting is too shallow, it is easy to dry up, affecting the survival, and it is easy to blow down in strong wind. Generally, the depth should be 5 ~ 10 cm deeper than the original soil trace: after planting, mud should be piled at the base of the trunk to stabilize the mud ball. If the trunk is tall, it should be fixed with a bracket, and then surrounded with a protective ring: if possible, you can apply some fertilizer or sprinkle some rooting powder and cover it with a film to keep moisture and heat and prevent weeds from growing.

8. Post-factory management:

After planting, watering is the key. On the day of transplanting, it will be watered thoroughly for the first time, which is called root water. After watering, if it is found that the soil sinks due to underwater seepage, it should be filled in time until the soil no longer sinks, otherwise the root system will be suspended and cannot be closely connected with the soil, and the seedlings will easily die. Water it for the second time after three days of planting, and water it thoroughly, and then water it for the third time within ten days. Then water according to the soil, weather and different tree species, and cultivate the soil after each watering.

Someone is responsible for the daily management of seedlings after transplantation, especially the management and protection work in the first year. If it is well managed in the first year, it will grow well in the future. Managers should pay attention to check whether the root system of seedlings is well combined with soil. If it is loose or cracked, remedial measures should be taken in time: observe whether there is water in the tree pit and drain it in time: the rhizosphere soil should not be too solid, hardened or too loose, otherwise the tree will easily swing in strong wind, which will affect the root growth; if it is a big tree, check whether the support is stable; if the root system of the plant is exposed, it can be properly cultivated or replanted in time according to the growth of new buds and leaves. Measures should be taken in time to make up for the abnormality: attention should be paid to the pests and diseases of seedlings, and the pests and diseases should be solved in time. If the managers can't solve them themselves, they should contact the plant protection department in time.