Where was Lu Yuanjiu born?

Lu Yuanjiu, 1920 10 was born in Chuzhou, Anhui Province on October 9. He is an expert in automatic control, gyro and inertial navigation technology, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, an academician of the International Academy of Astronautics, and an adviser to the Science and Technology Committee of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.

194 1 Lu Yuanjiu stayed as a teaching assistant after graduating from the Department of Aviation Engineering of National Central University; 1945 the first batch of publicly funded international students admitted to the United States went to the United States for further study; 1949 received a Ph.D. degree in instrumentation from MIT, and was appointed as an associate researcher and research engineer at MIT after graduation. 1954 entered the scientific laboratory of Ford Motor Company. /kloc-0 returned to China in June, 1956 and served as researcher, director and deputy director of the Institute of Automation, China Academy of Sciences; 1965 presided over the establishment and concurrently served as the director of the Liquid Flotation Inertial Technology Laboratory of China Academy of Sciences; From 65438 to 0968, he was transferred to the Ministry of Aerospace Industry, and served as the director of Beijing Control Device Research Institute and the chief engineer of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences; 65438-0982 Deputy Head of National Inertial Navigation and Inertial Technology Professional Group and Head of Technical Advisory Group; 1985 was elected as an academician of the International Academy of Astronautics; 1994 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.

During his stay in the United States, Lu Yuanjiu engaged in the research work of optimal control, dynamic system analysis and testing, steam turbine control and so on. After returning to China, 65438-0956 devoted himself to the research of aerospace engineering control for a long time. Participate in and lead the development of various spacecraft control systems and navigation systems.

Chinese name: Lu Yuanjiu

Beijing Time: Yuan-Lu Jiu

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of Birth: Chuzhou City, Anhui Province

Date of birth: 1920 0 1.09.

Occupation: teaching and scientific research worker

Graduate school: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Main achievements: 1994 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.

1980 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences.

Masterpiece: Gyroscope and inertial navigation principle.

Gender: male

Political Views: party member, Producer Party of China.

Character experience

1920 65438+1October 9th, Lu Yuanjiu was born in a teacher's family in Lai 'an County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province. Lu Yuanjiu's father is a middle school math teacher, and his family has given him a good influence. He entered primary school at the age of 5, and entered the eighth middle school of Anhui Province at the age of1/kloc-0. After graduating from junior high school, Lu Yuanjiu was admitted to Nanjing Middle School in Jiangsu Province to participate in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement of Nanjing students.

1937, after graduating from high school, Lu Yuanjiu applied for Shanghai Jiaotong University and Central University. However, when the Japanese invasion of China broke out and Shanghai fell, the National Central University, which moved from Nanjing to Chongqing, sent Lu Yuanjiu a letter of commencement. Lu Yuanjiu went upstream and arrived in Chongqing via Wuhan and Yichang. In the four years of college, Lu Yuanjiu studied the required courses of engine specialty and taught himself aerodynamics, aircraft structure design and other courses.

194 1 Lu Yuanjiu graduated from the Department of Aviation Engineering of Chongqing Central University with a bachelor's degree in engineering. Lu Yuanjiu and his classmates, as the first batch of undergraduates enrolled by the Department of Aviation Engineering of Central University, are also the first batch of undergraduates in China who systematically study aviation technology. After graduation, Lu Yuanjiu stayed in school as a teaching assistant.

1945, Lu Yuanjiu was admitted to the first batch of international students in the United States for further study. He flew from Chongqing to Kunming, and then from Kunming to Calcutta, India, where he waited for two months. Finally, he went to the United States, was assigned to the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and chose the instrument major offered by Professor C·S· draper, an automatic control expert, to become the first doctoral student of Professor draper.

65438-0949 Lu Yuanjiu graduated from the Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, and obtained the Doctor of Science degree in Instrumentation. After graduation, due to various reasons, Lu Yuanjiu, like many other scientists, failed to return to the motherland immediately and stayed overseas. During this period, he was employed by MIT as an associate researcher and a research engineer, and continued his research work in the research team of his mentor.

1950, because the research Lu Yuanjiu was engaged in was an important secret, the American authorities forced him to apply for a green card for permanent residence. In order to get rid of the restriction of returning to China, he quit the research team and transferred to a laboratory to study the destructive effect of the atomic bomb explosion, and his grade was lowered.

1954, in order to completely clear the obstacles to returning to China, Lu Yuanjiu left the laboratory to work in the scientific laboratory of Ford Motor Company in the United States, engaged in civil science and technology research, and successively served as research engineer and chief engineer. During this period, a lot of fruitful work has been done in dynamic measuring instruments and equipment, automatic control of turbine engine and self-optimizing control.

1June, 956, Lu Yuanjiu returned to China with the ambition of building the motherland. At that time, the Institute of Automation of China Academy of Sciences was established and served as the researcher, director and deputy director of the Institute (to 1969).

From 65438 to 0958, after the National Day, leaders of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other countries visited the sounding rocket model, and Lu Yuanjiu was the commentator of this exhibition.

From 65438 to 0965, Lu Yuanjiu presided over the establishment of the liquid flotation inertia technology laboratory of China Academy of Sciences, and concurrently served as the laboratory director. China single-degree-of-freedom liquid floating gyro, liquid floating pendulum accelerometer and liquid floating gyro stable platform are developed. In Changchun, China's first large-scale precision centrifuge was also born under his auspices.

From 65438 to 0968, Lu Yuanjiu was transferred to the Ministry of Aerospace Industry and served as the director of Beijing Control Device Research Institute and the chief engineer of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry.

1980, Lu Yuanjiu was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences (Technical Department).

From 65438 to 0982, Lu Yuanjiu, as the deputy head of the National Inertial Navigation and Inertial Technology Professional Group and the head of the technical consulting group, advocated overall planning, defined the development direction of each research unit and prevented low-level repetition. He clearly pointed out that the inertial devices used in launch vehicles should break through the technical keys such as beryllium application and dynamic pressure motor; Inertia devices used in tactical missiles should solve the problems of quick start and terminal guidance. Inertial devices used in satellites should break through the long-life technology.

1985, Lu Yuanjiu was elected as an academician of the International Academy of Astronautics.

From 65438 to 0994, Lu Yuanjiu was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering (Control Theory and Engineering).

Major achievements

achievements in scientific research

It has made great contributions to the development of gyro, accelerometer, platform and strapdown inertial navigation system, and played an important role in the demonstration of many satellites and missiles and the analysis of flight test data.

He presided over a lot of research work on aircraft automatic control; Development of inertial devices and test equipment: research on stable systems; Research on inertial guidance system: research on hydraulic pneumatic actuators and infrared optical sensing technology.

In foreign countries, he is mainly engaged in the research and development of self-optimizing control technology, dynamic measurement instruments and equipment, and measurement and control of turbine engines for automobiles. After returning to China, he participated in the establishment of the Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Department of Automation of China University of Science and Technology, and participated in the research and development of early industrial automation, sounding rockets, artificial earth satellites and some tactical missiles of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The main work in aerospace field: the principles of gyro and inertial navigation are deeply discussed by using the viewpoint and method of automatic control, and the performance of inertial devices and navigation systems is improved by using automatic control technology; Firstly, the research and development of liquid floating inertial technology is carried out in China, and the related bases are built. Participate in, organize or lead the development of various gyroscopes, accelerometers, platforms and strapdown inertial navigation systems such as liquid flotation, air flotation and flexibility, and solve key problems such as dynamic errors; Participate in and preside over the development of large-scale test equipment such as precision centrifuge, single-axis and three-axis turntable and the establishment of inertia test center; Participate in scheme demonstration, flight data analysis and fault analysis of various carriers, missiles and satellites. In addition, in the aerospace system, it is helpful to establish a postgraduate training system.

1964, his main work Gyroscope and Inertial Navigation (Volume I) was published. This is one of the earliest monographs on inertial technology in China. The author has changed the situation that the previous works on gyroscopes were all discussed from the viewpoint and method of mechanics, and used the viewpoint and method of automatic control to deeply discuss the principles of gyroscopes and inertial navigation. He clearly pointed out that: 1) in common gyro instruments such as vertical gyro and gyro compass, closed-loop feedback method or servo system method has been used; 2) In the stable platform system, the force balance feedback method is adopted to improve the system accuracy; 3) The theory of damping in inertial platform system is equivalent to the principle of invariance in automatic control system; 4) In the aircraft control system, gyro, platform and accelerometer are the main components in the attitude control and guidance system. He expounded the basic characteristics of gyro in detail by using the common concepts and methods of transfer function, Laplace transform, block diagram, dynamic and steady-state errors of automatic control technology.

When discussing the application of two-degree-of-freedom precession gyro, he pointed out that the closed-loop servo system composed of pendulum or magnetic needle and gyro can improve the performance of the instrument in a certain range. However, because the pendulum is the feedback part of the vertical gyro and the magnetic needle is the feedback part of the gyro magnetic compass, there are some shortcomings in these two feedback parts, and there is no way to improve them through the feedback loop above. The way to further improve the accuracy of gyro orientation instrument is to use gyro to form a platform system. He further pointed out that the stable platform composed of a single-degree-of-freedom gyroscope and a balanced feedback loop has the same function as the gyroscope supported by the inner frame and the outer frame, but the performance of the stable platform is far better than that of the gyroscope. When the accelerometer is installed on a stable platform, a correction loop is formed according to the pendulum suspension condition, and an inertial platform is formed, and the inertial platform becomes an instrument indicating the vertical direction. But its accuracy is very high, and it can also be used in aircraft with arbitrary acceleration. Lu Yuanjiu elaborated the floating integral gyro and its application principle in detail. The working principles of vibrating gyro, particle gyro, superconducting gyro, fluid rotor gyro, electrostatic gyro, hydrostatic air floating gyro and dynamic pressure free rotor gyro are introduced. The book Gyroscope and Inertial Navigation Principles has played an important role in promoting the development of inertial technology in China. It reveals the latest principle of inertial technology to young researchers and plays an important role in model development and its engineering application.

In the early 1960s, Lu Yuanjiu held many jobs in China Academy of Sciences and China University of Science and Technology, working more than ten hours a day. During this period, he also insisted on writing monographs, and compiled his knowledge in gyro and inertial navigation into books. 1964, his book "Gyroscope and Inertial Navigation Principles (I)" was published. This is one of the earliest monographs on inertial technology in China. This book has changed the situation that all previous works are discussed from the viewpoint and method of mechanics, and discussed the principles of gyro and inertial navigation from the viewpoint and method of automatic control. This book has played an important role in promoting the development of inertial technology in China.

During his tenure as director, Lu Yuanjiu actively participated in the demonstration of the aerospace model scheme. According to the development trend of foreign inertial technology and the domestic technical foundation, he guided the demonstration of the inertial guidance scheme of a new generation of launch vehicles, that is, he decided to adopt a single-degree-of-freedom gyro based on a new support technology to form a platform-computer scheme. Lu Yuanjiu has always advocated tracking the world's cutting-edge technology and implementing the spirit of "perfecting, developing and exploring the next generation" in model work. Under his leadership, China Aerospace has successively carried out pre-research projects such as hydrostatic floating support technology and development of various test equipment. Lu Yuanjiu strongly advocated improving test conditions and facilities to develop high-precision inertial instruments. With his efforts, the state approved the establishment of the inertial instrument testing center, which laid a solid foundation for the development of inertial instruments in China.

Lu Yuanjiu also made full use of the opportunity of opening to the outside world, hired experts through various channels, organized international conferences, conducted technical exchanges and introduced talents, which promoted the development of inertial technology in China.

personnel training

Lu Yuanjiu attaches great importance to personnel training, which is famous among space experts. During his stay in Chinese Academy of Sciences, he organized researchers to study. During his tenure as space director, he still personally taught English and professional and technical courses to young and middle-aged scientific and technological personnel. Training graduate students in aerospace system is also the result of Lu Yuanjiu's active advocacy. He made great efforts to award master's and doctor's degrees to the Institute of Control Devices, and in the following years, talents from the Institute emerged continuously. From 65438 to 0984, Lu Yuanjiu served as chief engineer of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry and member of the Standing Committee of the Science and Technology Commission. Under his questioning, it has become a fashion for the aerospace system to train highly educated talents by itself, and the gap problem of aerospace talents has been gradually solved.

Honor recognition

1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

1994 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.

social service

Lu Yuanjiu was a deputy to the National People's Congress, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a vice chairman of the China Society of Inertia Technology and a vice chairman of the International Astronautical Federation.

Lu Yuanjiu is the executive director of China Automation Society, China Aviation Society and China Aerospace Society, the vice chairman of China Inertial Technology Society, the representative of the Third National People's Congress, and the member of the Fifth and Sixth CPPCC. Adjunct Professor of China University of Science and Technology and Harbin Institute of Technology.

He has been elected as the executive director of China Automation Society, China Aviation Society, China Aerospace Society, China Inertial Technology Society, International Astronautical Federation, China Academy of Sciences and an academician of the International Academy of Astronautics. He was elected as a deputy to the Third National People's Congress and a member of the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh China People's Political Consultative Conference.

Personal life

1949, Lu Yuanjiu received his doctorate and married Wang Huanbao, an Anhui native who studied in the United States. During his stay in America, Lu Yuanjiu had two children. He was forced to get a green card for his family, but he still turned a deaf ear to the authorities' request that he join the United States.

1956, with the help of the Indian embassy, Lu Yuanjiu completed the formalities of returning to China and prepared to board the ship. But at this time, the shipping company informed that in order to prevent smallpox, children must be vaccinated, but his youngest child was too young to be vaccinated. After such a delay, Lu Yuanjiu, his wife and three children boarded a ship from San Francisco and returned to the motherland.

Just when Lu Yuanjiu was ready to work with higher enthusiasm, the ten-year catastrophe began. The rebels fabricated the charge of "spy" for him. Those "teenagers" asked Lu Yuanjiu: "The conditions in the United States are so good, why did you come back? Not a spy or anything? ! "Hearing this, the Liu Yuanjiu said nothing. His patriotism stems from his personal experience from the old China to the new society. For those days when they were criticized for squatting in the bullpen, Lu Yuanjiu just laughed it off. From 1966 to 1978, Lu Yuanjiu was deprived of all his jobs. Not only did he regret 12 years, but also the most precious manuscript of Gyroscope and Inertial Navigation Principle (Volume II) was lost due to the seizure of property, causing irreparable losses.

Personality assessment

Lu Yuanjiu played a pioneering role in China automation research.

Lu Yuanjiu has made great contributions to the development of gyro, accelerometer, platform and strapdown inertial navigation system, and played an important role in the demonstration of several satellites and missiles and the analysis of flight test data.

Lu Yuanjiu has profound knowledge and rigorous scholarship, and he has a tireless and tireless spirit of teaching and educating people. In scientific research, he carefully examines the design reports, calculation data, research papers and other technical documents sent to him for review. He always puts a lot of energy into helping to analyze and correct problems. Due to his strict requirements and guidance, he has trained a group of senior and intermediate scientific research talents with good scientific research quality. The technical scheme he reviewed and the scientific research achievements he identified can stand the test of practice. Lu Yuanjiu also made full use of the opportunity of opening to the outside world, hired experts through various channels, organized international conferences, conducted technical exchanges, introduced talents and advanced technologies, and promoted the development of inertial technology in China. His book Inertia Devices was published. This book comprehensively discusses the principle, instrument, system and testing technology. It is an experience summary of the development of space inertial technology for more than 30 years.

Because of Lu Yuanjiu's outstanding contribution in inertial navigation and automatic control, he has won the trust and support of the party and the country, won the praise of peer experts and the love of the majority of scientific researchers.

His wish is simple: to do something tangible for China, and his pursuit explains the beauty of magnanimous personality endowed by science. In 1980s, those young people who went abroad to study at MIT learned that a China man had obtained the world's first doctor's degree in inertial navigation here, and he impressed his American counterparts.

Everyday people around Lu Yuanjiu say that he is easy to deal with, but his knowledge is another matter. Xie, an inertial navigation expert of Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, is Lu Yuanjiu's favorite pupil. He said that Mr. Lu's strictness was unbelievable, and his graduation thesis was revised nine times and written for a whole year. The thing that easily passed the customs in others came to him, either the article changed a "big face" or the project got stuck. Lu Yuanjiu's "multiple personalities" also spread.