How to plant potted plants?

Potted flowers mainly include herbaceous flowers and woody flowers. Herbaceous flowers include annual flowers, biennial flowers, perennial flowers, bulbous flowers, succulent flowers and aquatic flowers, and woody flowers include shrubs, vines and trees. Different flowers have different cultivation and management methods, so we can't generalize. If the same cultivation and management methods are adopted, it is not good to plant flowers. Some people think that flowers can be planted alive as long as there is soil in the pot, which is not correct. Why do some people buy flowers and plant them for a year or two and then die? The reason lies in the lack of management elements of the following training methods. Different flowers have strict requirements on pot size, pot material, soil, moisture, light, temperature and nutrition. Only by understanding and mastering the growth habits of various flowers can blooming flowers flourish.

First, the material of the basin and the diameter of the basin mouth.

(1) Pottery pots, porcelain pots and glazed pots (jars) are the main potting materials.

General woody flowers such as: white orchid, azalea, camellia, hibiscus, hydrangea, poinsettia, pomegranate, fig, jasmine, mutual leaf, oleander, spring jasmine, colorful plum, Milan and so on. It is most suitable for pottery cultivation. Pottery pots are suitable for the growth of flower roots because of their rough material, low price, good air permeability and good water retention.

Porcelain pots are expensive, generally suitable for planting annual or biennial herbal flowers and flowers with high economic value, and placed in living rooms and bedrooms. Such as: Clivia, Marigold, Cuiju, Scutellaria barbata, Carnation, Asparagus, Chlorophytum, Zhu Dinghong, Four Seasons Begonia and so on.

Glazed basins are not only expensive, but also bulky. It is suitable for planting shrubs or large plants. Such as: cycad, crape myrtle, camellia, camellia, rose, osmanthus and so on.

(2) the size of the basin mouth diameter

Choosing the type and size of flowerpot depends on the value of the flowers you grow and the size of the flower plants. Generally speaking, smaller flower plants are planted in a small pot with a diameter of about 10 cm, and then transplanted into a pot with a diameter of 18-20 cm after one or two years.

Second, soil selection

There are many kinds of flowers and different requirements for soil. Generally, all kinds of flowers that grow in the open field are suitable for most flowers except sandy soil and extremely sticky soil. One or two-year-old herbaceous flowers should be planted in sandy loam with good drainage and ventilation, while maintaining a certain amount of water and fertilizer. For planting flowers that bloom in summer, it is necessary to water them frequently to keep the soil in the basin moist. The soil in the basin should be dry and wet, and too much water should not be poured to keep the soil in a muddy state for a long time, so as to avoid rotting roots and causing plant death.

The pot soil of potted flowers is limited by flowerpots, and its capacity is not much. In order to meet the needs of flower growth and development, the limited soil must be full of nutrients needed by plants and have good physical properties. Therefore, the soil of potted flowers must be specially prepared artificial culture soil. Culture soil mainly contains a lot of humus (mostly granular tissues), so the soil is loose, which is beneficial to air circulation, good drainage and rich nutrition. And can keep the soil moist all the time, which is the primary factor of raising potted flowers.

Culture soil is artificial mixed soil, and there are many materials to be prepared, but it should be prepared according to the nature of the soil needed for potted flowers. Generally speaking, rotten leaves (deciduous broad leaves in autumn), garden soil (or yellow mud mountain soil) and river sand are the main materials. The production method is as follows: when trees fall leaves in autumn, they can collect a large number of fallen leaves, choose a dry place with high terrain and pile them up in layers with garden soil, and then pour a proper amount of human feces and urine after stacking. Because leaves are wetted by organic matter and water contained in feces, fungi multiply in large numbers, which accelerates the decay of leaves. After three or four turns, the leaves are basically rotten, and then dried and screened for later use.

The growth of flowers has different requirements for the range of soil PH value. Some of them are adaptable to acidic or alkaline soils, while others are smaller, such as rhododendron, gardenia and camellia. Unless they can survive in strongly acidic soil. Therefore, we should test the soil of this flower and adjust the soil to a suitable PH value.

Soil is the base camp of pests and diseases, which contains countless germs, eggs, weed seeds and so on. Pay attention to this problem when selecting soil in potted plants. Especially it is more important for cutting seedling and ramet seedling. Seedling resistance is weak, susceptible to infection, the temperature difference between day and night in spring is too large, summer is sultry, seedlings are prone to collapse and collapse, cuttings are prone to rot, and in severe cases, all flowers will die. Therefore, when we choose soil for potted plants, it is best to choose mixed soil with appropriate PH value, which is made of decomposed and fermented nutrient soil and appropriate amount of river sand. This kind of soil is rich in nutrients and has the properties of drainage and ventilation.

In a word, soil is the nutrient and environmental condition for the growth and development of flowers. We should always ensure that the soil contains enough air, which is also a necessary condition for the growth of flowers. So we must pay attention to the cultivation of flower soil and create a good soil environment for flower growth.

Third, moisture.

The influence of water on flowers is very important, which mainly refers to the water content in soil and air humidity. They play an extremely important role in the growth and development of flowers, because the water content in plants accounts for about 80% of the total weight. Water is an important part of plants and the raw material of photosynthesis. Plants can absorb all kinds of nutrients in the soil only when they are dissolved in water, and all kinds of physiological activities in plants can only be carried out with the participation of water. Plants regulate their body temperature through transpiration of leaves, mainly because of water. Water is the guarantee of normal metabolism of plant cells. Therefore, plants can't survive without water.

But there are many kinds of flowers and plants, some from all over the country, and even some from all over the world. Because of different climatic conditions, their ecological habits are also different. Therefore, we must consider the particularity of various flowers according to their types and growth habits, and we can't generalize them. If all flowers are managed in one way, some flowers will not grow and bloom normally, and even cause death.

Different kinds of flowers have different requirements for water. Besides aquatic flowers, terrestrial flowers can be divided into three categories according to water demand: xerophytic flowers, hygrophytic flowers and mesophytic flowers.

Dry flowers: such as cactus, cactus, epiphyllum, lotus, thorn plum and so on. They can continue to grow under relatively dry conditions, and their characteristic is that they are afraid of waterlogging and drought. Wet flowers: such as ferns, bamboo, taro, etc. It is necessary to keep moisture during the growth process. They are characterized by waterlogging tolerance and drought tolerance. Most of the potted flowers we usually plant are mesophytes between the above two kinds. Such as white orchid, azalea, camellia, pomegranate, jasmine, five-color plum, winter jasmine, asparagus, Clivia, carnation, chrysanthemum, cauliflower and so on. Their characteristic is that they are afraid of both drought and waterlogging. Therefore, we should always keep the soil moist during the usual maintenance.

For some flowers, when you don't know how much water you need, you can judge by the external shape of the flower. Where the leaves are very large, the texture is thin, tender, smooth and hairless, which requires more water and high air humidity; If the leaves are narrow and hard, covered with wax or have more fluff, less water is needed. Not only do different kinds of flowers need different amounts of water, but even the same kind of flowers need different amounts of water at different growth stages. The initial water demand of seedlings, seedlings and seedlings should not be too large, just keep the soil moist. If there is too much water, the soil will be muddy for a long time, and the air in the soil will not circulate, which will affect the growth of flowers and easily cause root rot and plant death. The water demand in flowering period is also less, so it should be properly controlled. In short, we should master a principle when watering flowers: "Pot soil should be dry and wet, dry without cracking, and wet without mud." It is not good to have too much or too little water in flower cultivation. Lack of water will cause plant branches and leaves to wither, which is also unfavorable to the growth and development of flowers. Therefore, it is best to adopt the management measures of small amount of irrigation, and at the same time, the drainage layer should be done well when the flowerpot is filled with soil. The method is: now spread some broken tiles or gravel (2-3cm) on the basin bottom, then spread a layer of sand (1-2cm) on it, and finally fill it with nutrient soil. This is not only beneficial to drainage, but also can preserve water and fertilizer.

Fourth, light.

Light (sunlight) is the energy for flowers and plants to make nutrients. Without light, photosynthesis cannot be carried out, and the growth and development of flowers will be affected. Generally speaking, where there is sufficient light, the photosynthesis of flowers will be vigorous, and the organic nutrients will accumulate much, so that plants will grow healthily and the flowers will be large in shape. However, different kinds of flowers have different requirements for light. Without a good grasp of the intensity and length of light, flowers can't be raised well.

1. Different kinds of flowers have different requirements for light intensity.

According to the demand for light intensity, flowers can be divided into two types: sunny flowers and cloudy flowers. Sunny plants must grow in full sunlight and need direct sunlight, otherwise they will not grow well and affect flowering. Such as cactus, pine leaf chrysanthemum, geranium, melon leaf chrysanthemum, sunflower and other annual, biennial or perennial open flowers. If you plant a pot, you should consider putting it in a sunny place. The environmental condition for negative flowers is moderate shading. Their leaves are thin and big, their cuticle is very thin, they have no luster and fur, and their petioles are different in length. Such as orchids, begonias, bamboos, camellias, camellias, azaleas, ferns, etc. This flower can't grow in direct sunlight, especially in summer. It should be placed in a cool and ventilated place to prevent direct sunlight from burning leaves and wilting and dying.

Because of the different ornamental purposes of potted flowers, some are mainly for viewing leaves, while others are mainly for viewing flowers and fruits. Due to different viewing purposes, the mastery of light intensity is also different.

The light intensity of foliage plants is low, because under strong light, the edges of leaves are rough and aging, and the colors of leaves become darker and lose green, which affects the ornamental value.

Flower-watching plants should have sufficient light conditions, because under sufficient light, more and bigger flowers can be produced, and the plants are strong, with more tillers, strong color and fragrance, and less pests and diseases. If there is insufficient light, photosynthesis will be weakened, plants will grow in vain, internodes will be prolonged, and the color and fragrance of flowers will not be strong.

2. The influence of sunshine length on flower development stage.

After vernalization, flowers and plants enter the light stage, and flowers can only bloom after the light stage is completed. Different kinds of flowers have different light stages. As long as we master the lighting time they need, we can cultivate the flowers we need as needed. The requirements of flowers for light can be roughly divided into three categories: long-day flowers, medium-day flowers and short-day flowers.

① Flowers with long sunshine time: the sunshine time should reach 14- 16 hours every day, so as to accelerate their development and blossom ahead of time, such as in spring.