What was Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty?

Chang 'an City has a large scale, rigorous layout, symmetrical structure and neat arrangement. There are three gates around the outer city, and six streets running through the twelve gates are the main roads in the city. Suzaku Street, which runs through the north and south, is the standard central axis. It connects Chengtian Gate in Miyagi, Zhuque Gate in Imperial City and Mingde Gate in Outer City, and divides Chang 'an into two parts: Dongwannian County and West Chang 'an County. The east and west business districts are called Dongcheng and Xicheng respectively. There are 1 1 streets in the north and south of the city, and 14 streets in the east and west, which divide the residential area into neat 1 10 squares with a shape similar to a chessboard.

Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty consists of three parts: Outer Guo Cheng, Miyagi and Imperial City, with a total area of more than 84 square kilometers. The outer Guo Cheng is rectangular, with a length of 972 1m from east to west, a width of 865 1.7m from north to south, and a circumference of 36.7km There are three gates on each side, namely the South Gate, the Mingde Gate and the Fengdan Gate, which are the highest level in the capital. Miyagi is located in the northern center of Kuocheng, with a rectangular plane, with a length of1492m from north to south and a length of 2820m from east to west. The central part is Taiji Palace (Sui Daxing Palace), and the main hall is Taiji Hall (Sui Daxing Hall). East is the Crown Prince's East Palace, and west is the Imperial Secretary's Ye Ting Palace. The Imperial City is connected with the south of Miyagi, with 7 East-West Streets, 5 North-South Streets, Zuozong Temple and Youzhou, and it has central government offices and affiliated institutions. Later, Emperor Taizong (Li Shimin) went to Tang Gaozong to build Daming Palace, and Emperor Xuanzong (Li Longji) rebuilt and expanded his palace into Xingqing Palace when he became king in Linzi, and the three palaces were collectively called "Sannei". Dongcheng Xicheng has two markets, East Market and West Market, which concentrate the main businesses of Chang 'an. There are four ditches in the city to provide domestic and environmental water. There is an artificial garden-Furong Garden in the southeast corner of the city, and there is a Qujiang pond in the garden.

There are twelve gates in Chang 'an City (outside Guocheng City), with Mingde Gate in the middle of the south, Qixia Gate and Anhua Gate in the east and west respectively. Chunming Gate is in the east, while Yanxing Gate and Tonghua Gate are in the north and south respectively. In the west is the Golden Gate, and in the north and south are Yanping Gate and Kaiyuan Gate respectively. The middle and east sections of the north overlap with the north wall of Gongcheng and the south wall of Daming Palace, respectively. The middle section of the west is Jingyaomen, and the east and west are Fanglinmen and Guanghuamen. There are five doorways at the main entrance, Mingde Gate, and all other doors have three doorways. According to the actual measurement, the east-west width of Mingdemen site is 55.5 meters, and the north-south length is 17.5 meters, and each doorway is 5 meters wide. In particular, Zhuque Street in the north-south direction of Mingdemen is as wide as 150m to 155m. Other streets that do not pass through the city gate are generally between 35 meters and 65 meters wide, and Shuncheng Street is 20 meters to 25 meters wide. The original pavilion-style gatehouse building in Mingdemen. Miyagi is located in the middle of North Guo Cheng, with a rectangular plane, with a length of 2820m from east to west, a width of 1492m from north to south and a circumference of 8.6km. There are walls around the city, with Chengtianmen (called Yangguangmen in Sui Dynasty) in the middle of the south, Yanximen and Anfumen in the east and west, and Xuanwu Gate in the middle of the north wall. Miyagi is divided into three parts. The center is Taiji Palace (called Daxing Palace in Sui Dynasty), which is called "Dayi". On the east side is the East Palace, which is the residence of the prince, and on the west side is Yeting Palace, which is the residence of the staff of the harem. Today, Tu Gang in Wutai, Xi 'an, and the railway middle school on the north side of Qiangzi West Road outside the North City are few sites of Daxing Miyagi.

The Imperial City is also rectangular, located in the south of Miyagi, which is as long as Miyagi from east to west, with a width of 1843 meters from north to south and a circumference of 9.2 kilometers. There is a horizontal street between the north of the city and the wall of Miyagi, and there are five gates on the other three sides: three gates in the south, Zhuquemen in the middle, and light gates on both sides; One in the east and one in the west, namely Jingfeng Gate and Shunyi Gate. Zhuque Gate in the middle of the south is the main entrance, which connects with Mingde Gate in Guo Cheng via Zhuque Street to the south and faces Chengtianmen in Miyagi to the north, forming the north-south axis of the city. There are seven east-west streets and five north-south streets in the city, and there are sacrificial buildings such as the central government office building, ancestral temple and country between the roads. From the perspective of urban layout, planners are strict with symmetry. The connection between Chengtianmen Gate in Miyagi, Zhuque Gate in Imperial City and Mingdemen Gate in Outer Guo Cheng, namely Chengtianmen Street (also known as Tianjie Street) and Zhuque Street, is the north-south central axis, which spreads from left to right. In order to highlight the position of Central Miyagi in the north, groups of tall and majestic buildings such as Chengtianmen, Taijitang, Liangyitang, Ganlutang, Yanjiatang and Xuanwu Gate were pressed at the northern end of the central axis, showing the majesty of imperial power with its majestic momentum. Later, with the increasing number of new temples, this pattern changed.

Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was the first big city with a population of one million in the history of the world. In the population of Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty, besides residents, royalty, dignitaries, soldiers, slaves, monks and nuns, and ethnic minorities, there were no fewer than 30,000 foreign businessmen, messengers, international students, and monks studying abroad. At that time, envoys from as many as 300 countries and regions came to Chang 'an and Tangtong. Tang's scientific and technological culture, political system and diet fashion spread from Chang 'an to all parts of the world. In addition, western culture was digested and recreated by Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty and then spread to Japan, North Korea, Myanmar and other neighboring countries and regions. Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty became a gathering place for business and cultural exchanges between the East and the West, and was the largest international metropolis in the world at that time.

The shape of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty was a model of ancient cities in China, especially the capital construction, which also influenced the capital construction of neighboring countries at that time.

Planning of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty