Difference among Coniferous Forest, Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest and Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest

Coniferous forest: mainly distributed in the cold temperate zone between 45 ~ 70 north latitude and the subalpine region in the middle and low latitude. In the cold temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, it almost extends from the east coast of the mainland to the west coast, traverses Eurasia and northern North America, extends eastward from Norway, passes through Sweden, Finland, Russia and Siberia, and reaches Alaska and Canada through the Bering Strait. The area of coniferous forest in North America is second only to Eurasia, and it has been distributed from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast, spanning the whole North American continent.

Evergreen broad-leaved forest: Evergreen broad-leaved forest is a forest in subtropical maritime climate, which is roughly distributed between 22 and 34 (40) south latitude. They are mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River valley in China, Asia, the south of Korea and Japan Islands, the southeast coast and northwest of Africa, the canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the eastern tip of North America and Mexico, parts of Chile, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil in South America, eastern Oceania and New Zealand. Among them, the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the south of the Yangtze River basin in China is the most typical and the largest.

Deciduous broad-leaved forest: widely distributed in temperate regions of 30 ~ 50 north latitude. The typical deciduous coniferous broad-leaved forest in western Europe can be distributed to the European part of the former Soviet Union. In the east of North America, about south of the 45th parallel. South America is distributed in Patagonia Plateau. Due to the influence of Gulf Stream, Europe can be distributed to the northwest of 58 north latitude. East Asia is distributed in China, the eastern coastal areas of the former Soviet Union, kamchatka peninsula, Sakhalin Island, Korea and northern Japanese islands. The deciduous broad-leaved forest in China is mainly distributed in Northeast China and North China.

2. Morphological characteristics

Coniferous forest: Coniferous forest is the general name of all kinds of forests composed of conifers. Including evergreen deciduous, cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, warm-loving, wet-loving and other types of coniferous pure forests and mixed forests. It is mainly composed of cold-resistant tree species such as spruce, fir, larch and pine. It is usually called northern coniferous forest, also known as Taijia forest. Larch is called bright coniferous forest, spruce and fir are called dark coniferous forest.

Evergreen broad-leaved forest: it has the characteristics of laurel leaves of Lauraceae, evergreen, leathery, slightly hard, shiny and hairless leaves, and the arrangement direction of leaves is perpendicular to the sunlight. The appearance is evergreen all the year round, generally dark green is slightly flickering and reflective, the forest is neat, it grows nutritionally all year round, and it is more vigorous in summer. It can be divided into tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer.

Deciduous broad-leaved forest: widely distributed, it refers to deciduous broad-leaved trees in winter, with great differences in winter and summer. Even in summer, there are different seasons due to the diversity of species. The structure is simple and can be clearly divided into tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. Most of the seeds and fruits of trees in deciduous broad-leaved forest have wings, which tend to mature in autumn and spread by wind. Herbs and shrubs under the forest rely on animals to pollinate and spread fruits and seeds. Lianas and epiphytes in the forest are underdeveloped.

Extended data:

Common tree species:

Coniferous forest: Larix principis-rupprechtii forest; White and green forests; Pinus tabulaeformis forest; Pinus bungeana and Platycladus orientalis; Abies, spruce, etc.

Evergreen broad-leaved forest: Canary laurel, Apollonias barbujana and ocotea foetens Virginia oak, black oak and camphor; Magnolia grandiflora, avocado, Liquidambar formosana, Cyclobalanopsis glauca; Pseudopods, Platycladus orientalis, Podocarpus and Aralia;

Eucalyptus, Acacia, Podocarpus, Song Jun, Acacia, Taxus and Litmus; Quercus and Castanopsis; Phoebe bournei, Castanopsis fargesii, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Qinggang Tree, Tenjikukatsura, mosquito mother tree, peach leaf ash tree.

Deciduous broad-leaved forest: oak forest (oak forest, oak forest, etc.). Cyclobalanopsis forest (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cyclobalanopsis glauca in Europe, etc. ), Cyclobalanopsis americana and sugar maple. Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurensis, Ulmus pumila, Juglans mandshurica, Cortex Phellodendri, Populus euphratica and Buxus sinica.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Coniferous Forest; Baidu Encyclopedia-Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest; Baidu encyclopedia-deciduous broad-leaved forest