How to raise soil bees _ Soil bee breeding technology

Raising soil bees can get high economic benefits, so how to raise soil bees? Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of soil bees that I carefully recommend for everyone, hoping to help you.

Cultivation techniques of soil bees

Location selection

Within a radius of 2.5km around the site, there should be enough main honey powder sources and auxiliary honey powder sources, and the main and auxiliary honey powder sources should be properly matched. The site should be located near the hillside in the south, with plenty of sunshine, high mountains as the screen on the back, and natural shade on it, with south wind in summer and north wind in winter. The soil is fertile, honey plants grow vigorously, the flowering period is long, the water content is sufficient, and the transportation is convenient.

Bee colony purchase

1. Purchase time: April-May is suitable in the north, when the bees are breeding.

Selection is relatively stable, and the external environment is good, and breeding is easy to succeed.

2. Selection method: observation at the entrance of the nest. If worker bees are diligent, bees with a large proportion of pollen are generally lively and active groups. If the worker bees are quiet and don't panic, they are very docile. For example, the queen bee has a large body, thick feet, high height, wide chest, long and plump abdomen, dense fluff, and flexible and rapid spawning without panic, indicating that the queen bee is young and strong and has strong spawning ability.

3. The arrangement of bees: It depends on the size of the site, the number of beekeeping and the seasonal situation. There are four arrangements: single box arrangement, double box arrangement, staggered arrangement and three box arrangement.

Feeding method of soil bee

1. Supplementary feeding: artificial feeding when honey sources are scarce. The methods are as follows: ① Supplement honey. Honey can be diluted by 20% with warm water (crystallized honey needs to be dissolved with a little water). Diluted honey can be poured into the spleen or poured.

Feed bees with a frame feeder. ② Supplementing syrup. Syrup is made by adding 50% water to white sugar, heating to dissolve it fully, and then cooling to a slight temperature. It is best to add 0. 1% citric acid to syrup to facilitate digestion and absorption. Brown sugar is not suitable at this time.

2. Reward feeding: In the artificial feeding of the colony during the breeding period and the bee production period, a small amount of 60% honey solution or 50% syrup is generally given, 65,438+0 times every other day in early spring, and then the dosage is increased to 65,438+0 times every day, starting from the first 40 days of the honey flow period until a large amount of honey powder is collected from the outside. Each bee can be rewarded with 50 ~100g syrup.

3. Feeding pollen: The purpose is to supplement protein in feed. In late winter and early spring, the pollen preserved in the previous autumn can also be replaced by soybean powder. Feeding methods are: ① liquid feeding. Add 10 times of syrup to the pollen, boil it, cool it and feed it in a feeder. 2 cake feeding. Add the same amount of honey or syrup to the pollen or substitute pollen, stir evenly to make cakes, wrap them in plastic paper, and put them on a beam for bees to eat. This method is often used in cold current.

4. Feeding water and salt: Generally, each bee colony needs to collect 200 ~ 300ml of water every day. Fill the feeder with water or put a wet towel on the gauze cover to collect water by itself, and add 1% salt to the syrup.

Feeding and management methods of soil bees

I. Spring management

1, timely expand the hive and accelerate the growth of the bee colony.

2. The bee farm is equipped with drinking fountains and disinfected regularly.

3. Check bees regularly (when the temperature is above 14℃ in sunny days), remove dead bees, wax residue, mold and other dirt at the bottom of the box, and keep the bottom of the box clean.

4. Maintain a dense population of officials, maintain vigorous population reproduction, and ensure rapid population expansion in spring.

5. Control mites. Use acaricide to kill mites continuously for 2 ~ 3 times, once every 2 days.

6. Insulation inside and outside the box. Spread 20 ~ 30cm thick hay on the ground; The hive is placed on the hay; The top cover and the outer cover are covered with grass curtains; And the back wall and both sides are wrapped with grass curtains to keep the air in the box unobstructed. During the day, grass curtains and other coverings are lifted to facilitate bees' flight.

7. Reward feeding. On the night of the adjustment of the bee colony, reward feeding can be carried out and dilute syrup can be fed. Each group was fed 100 ~ 200 g of grain slurry every day, and fed less or stopped when there was honey source. Reward feed must be disinfected or confirmed as virus-free feed.

8. The thermal insulation inside the box will be released with the expansion of the nest group, and the thermal insulation outside the box will be released when the box is full and the temperature is stable (first release the top, then release the periphery, and finally release the box bottom).

9. Feed water to the beehive door every day in low temperature and rainy days, and add powder spleen on the outside of the beehive.

Second, the management of summer

1, replace the queen bee. During April-June, the whole bee colony was replaced by the queen bee of that year.

2, regular comprehensive inspection, destroy the natural queen, strengthen ventilation, prevent natural bees.

3. Take measures such as shading and watering to create suitable temperature and temperature for the production and reproduction of bees.

4. Feed the bird's nest with water. In sunny and hot weather, cover the top of the box with clean water and warm cloth at noon.

5. Prevent bee stealing, wasps, toads and tail curl disease.

Third, autumn management

Beekeepers take one year as the beginning of beekeeping, and the focus of autumn management is to prepare for the overwintering of bees and the series of early spring next year. It is necessary to prevent the occurrence of serious mites in July, August and September.

1, cultivate and replace the queen bee in time. Before replacement, the queen bee must be identified once and replaced in batches. It is still the key technical measures to take appropriate measures to promote bee colony reproduction, cultivate suitable overwintering bees and keep adequate feed in the nest. At the same time, measures such as changing the whole nest and controlling mites in different nests should be taken to breed overwintering bees in the basic organization of multi-king colony, so that they can have excess feeding ability in the following boxes.

2, timely abortion, prevention and control of bee mites, the first step, in August-September, combined with autumn breeding, it is proposed to cover the spleen when organizing mating groups, so that the original group has no spleen, and first apply pesticides to the original group, and after the new group (mating group) leaves the house, the eggs laid by the queen bee will hatch into larvae; The second step is to take medication in the early stage of spontaneous abortion (different in different places) from 9 to11month. Treatment should be thorough. It should be noted that the bees should be fed before taking the medicine, and at least one egg and spleen should be left in the bee colony when the seeds are artificially broken.

3. By storing overwintering feed, the overwintering beverage must not contain nectar.

4, pay attention to prevent pesticide poisoning.

Fourth, winter management

1. Before wintering, choose a wintering place outside your roommate, which should be clean, sunny, dry and quiet. Prepare wintering insulation materials, with 20-30 groups as a group, or 2 groups and 5-6 groups as a group, surround the left, right and back of the beehive with straw curtains, and pad the bottom of the beehive with hay of about 15 cm.

2. In the early stage of wintering, it is necessary to adjust the population potential, appropriately reduce the population, tighten the spleen, leave enough wintering feed, and arrange wintering hives.

3. It is not suitable to open the box for inspection during the wintering period, strengthen the observation outside the box, adjust the beehive door, strengthen the heat preservation of the beehive, strengthen the management of strong bee colony and double queen bee colony, and improve the disease resistance of the beehive.

4. Pay attention to feed supplement at the end of winter to prevent bacillary dysentery, and choose sunny and warm weather for bee excretion flight.

5. When supplementing feed during the wintering period, sterilized drinks or feed without bacterial diseases should be used.

Feeding patterns of soil bees

1, Wang You: The speed and yield of bee colony reproduction mainly depend on the quality of queen bee. The young and strong queen bee has strong ability to lay eggs, and the population potential develops rapidly, which can maintain a large population. Worker bees have strong collecting ability, active work, less fever and higher yield. Therefore, when raising ground bees, we should cultivate excellent queen bees from high-yield and strong groups in the early breeding period to replace inferior or aging queen bees. Generally, the old queen bee should not be raised for more than one year in production.

2. Strong colony: Strong colony is the basis of high yield. The strong colony of soil bees is based on the actual situation of soil bees, and it cannot be compared with the strong colony of Italian bees. Each period has its own strong colony standard. Only a strong bee colony can give full play to the ability of the queen bee to lay eggs, resist the invasion of pests and diseases, and spend the summer and autumn safely. Therefore, in the breeding period, it is appropriate to maintain the population potential of 2.5~3 feet to make the population develop rapidly and meet the honey flow period; In the honey-flowing period, it is necessary to have a population of 5~6 foot-frame bees to achieve high yield. When the main nectar source plants bloom and flow honey, the bee colony should be organized into a strong bee colony, and the redundant queen bee should be stored in a small bee colony. After the honey flowing period is over, the reserved queen bees are used to mine honey colonies for reproduction. This can effectively improve the honey yield and the reproduction speed of the bee colony, so that the bee colony is always in an active working state.

3, honey foot: there is enough honey in the nest, which can make bees tide over the difficulties in the absence of honey sources in the wild. If there is no honey in the nest, the bees will be upset and abandon their larvae. The queen bee will stop laying eggs and even steal the bees to fly away. Therefore, in breeding, under the premise of not hindering the enlargement of the egg circle, we should always keep enough honey in the nest to encourage worker bees to spit more pulp and feed them, and cultivate strong new bees. If the honey stored in the nest is insufficient, it needs artificial supplementary feeding. Even in the period of large honey flow, you can't sweep all the stored honey at once by shaking it, but you should take honey from the spleen, which can not only calm the mood of bees, but also ensure the quality of honey.

4, new spleen: bees like new spleen, hate old spleen. The new spleen has big eyes and fresh wax. The queen bee especially likes to lay eggs and reproduce quickly on the new spleen. The cultivated worker bees have strong physique, strong assembly and are not easy to nest in the population. Therefore, we should seize the favorable opportunity to create more new spleens to replace the old ones. Especially in the peak period of reproduction, honey flow and the late period of bee distribution, it is necessary to strengthen the spleen. But before adding the nest base, the old spleen and the bad spleen should be pulled out to make the bee colony dense. If necessary, it should also be fed to repair the nest spleen quickly and with high quality, so as to ensure that bees have more than 80% new spleen in summer.

5. Secret: Ground bees love secret, so it is necessary to keep the spleen commensurate at all times, which is beneficial for bees to protect the spleen and resist the invasion of enemies such as nest worms, and also helps to keep warm and moist. Practice has proved that in winter, bees consume less honey and overwinter safely. Dense population in honey flow period can promote fast honey storage, early maturity and high yield; Summer intensive period can make the group retreat less and make it difficult for the enemy to invade.