When the Palace Museum was founded, which emperors lived here?

The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is purple, indicating that the emperor is also the center of the world. And "forbidden" refers to the emperor's residence, and intrusion is strictly prohibited. Located in the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is the imperial palace of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to reports, the length of the Forbidden City is 96 1 meter from north to south, 753 meters from east to west, with a total area of 720,000 square meters. It has 9999 palace rooms. Some people speculate. If a newborn child lives in every room for one night, he will be a 27-year-old young man when he has lived in all the rooms. Walking and chatting with colleagues, I accidentally found that not only the houses in the Forbidden City are 9, but also the bronze nails in every alley in the Forbidden City are 9. Why is this? Ancient people in China thought that the word "9" was the largest single digit, and the emperor, as the largest person in the world, should also use the corresponding word "9" to match it; And the homonym of "9" is "long", that is, "forever", which means the length of the world. Morality Only morality can make the people's will last forever.

At the main entrance of the Forbidden City, there is an introduction: According to relevant information, it was still a wilderness in the first half of the13rd century. It was not until the 1960s13rd century that Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu conquered the State of Jin that he established the capital in the northeast and its suburbs, and named it Dadu. At the same time, the Inner Palace was built around today's Forbidden City, which was built on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty. The Forbidden City was built in 1406 and completed in 1420. Judy (Yongle), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, moved Kyoto from Nanjing, Jiangsu to Beijing. Since then, 24 emperors (Ming dynasty 14, Qing dynasty 10) ruled China for 49 1 year. 19 1 1 year, the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor was Puyi, who left the palace in 19 12. The Palace Museum was established in 1925.

The vast Forbidden City can be roughly divided into two parts, and the south is the place where government affairs are handled, that is, the outer court. The main building of the foreign dynasty is the Hall of Supreme Harmony (commonly known as the "Golden Hall"), where the emperor held a grand ceremony. There are also Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall. In the north is the residence called the imperial palace, where the emperor and the queen lived, commonly known as "three palaces and six courtyards". These three palaces are Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace. The Sixth Hospital refers to the three palaces and the East-West Palace on the east and west sides. All the buildings in the outer and inner courtyards are arranged on the central axis of Beijing. The total construction area is 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. Surrounded by a 10-meter-high wall, there is a moat 52 meters wide outside the wall, and there are exquisite turrets in every corner of the wall. The layout of the whole Forbidden City is unified, the primary and secondary buildings are orderly, the scale is grand, the shape is magnificent, the building is exquisite and the space is rich and changeable.

The main entrance of the Forbidden City-Wumen Gate

When we visit the Forbidden City, we usually go in from Tiananmen Square, along a straight avenue, through the end gate, and through the slate empire road. In front of us is the main entrance of the Forbidden City-the meridian gate paved with blue bricks. Careful observation shows that the area of the meridian gate is convex, and there are heavy buildings inside. There are three holes in front. There are left and right doors on both sides. According to the rules of the palace. The middle door is dedicated to the emperor. In the Qing Dynasty, the champion, second place and Tanhua of new subjects can go in and out of the middle gate once on the day of issuing the list. In addition, when the emperor gets married, the queen can enter the palace through the middle door of the sedan chair. Other civil and military scholars take the left door according to the exam ranking, which is really graded and must not be violated. The overall shape of the meridian gate is like a phoenix with wings spread, so it is also called "Five Peaks Tower".

According to records, the front of the meridian gate in the Ming Dynasty was the place where the emperor stretched out his staff. On the fifteenth day of the first month of each year, lanterns are hung at the noon gate, and the emperor holds a banquet for hundreds of officials, and personally watches the lanterns and writes poems with the ministers of civil and military affairs, which is called lantern cart. In the Qing Dynasty, Wumen was the place where the emperor published the imperial calendar of the following year from winter to Sunday: after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the ceremony of "dividing classes" and "offering prisoners" was held here. From the noon gate to the end gate, the two bedrooms are the original court. The east bedroom has offices for officials, families and ceremonies; Xidan Building has military, criminal and industrial offices.

Entering the meridian gate, I saw the three halls of Taihe, Zhonghe and Baohe in the outer court. Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall are two wings. Behind the Wenhua Hall is the Wen Yuan Pavilion, which houses the Sikuquanshu. Yellow glazed tiles, shining in the afterglow of sunset, are like a golden Great Wall. According to the doorplates of the Hall of Great Heroes, these three halls were built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420). They are Fengtian, Gai Hua and Shenshen. Destroyed by thunder and fire in April of that year, it was rebuilt in the sixth year of Orthodox Church (144 1) and renamed as Quanji, Zhongji and 1562. From 1645 to the current name.

Let's talk about the Hall of Supreme Harmony first. The tour guide told us that the Hall of Supreme Harmony covers an area of 1800 square meters and is the largest gate of the Forbidden City. Without waiting for the tour guide to introduce us, we could see a pair of bronze lions on both sides of the gate at a glance. To the east is a lion with a hydrangea on its front foot, which symbolizes the unity of power and the universe; The west is a lioness, and the left breast caresses the little lioness, symbolizing the prosperity of future generations. According to historical records, lions are not a species living in China. With the introduction of Buddhism, it first appeared in Buddhist art as a protector beast. Soon, the shape of this animal appeared in palaces and mausoleums, and it began to be a protected animal of feudal emperors in China. In the Forbidden City, only the palace where the emperor lives and uses has lions in front of it, which shows the spirit of the king. The square in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony covers an area of 36,000 square meters, and there are 32 rooms on the east and west sides of the square. There is a Jinshui River shaped like a jade belt, which is more than 200 meters long and spans five white jade stone bridges. The shape of this bridge is very beautiful. Against the backdrop of the majestic Wumen Gate Tower and the majestic Hall of Supreme Harmony, it is eye-catching. There are also fire-proof and waterproof tin cans in the hospital. According to statistics, there are 308 ports in the Forbidden City, of which 23 1 port are copper cans and 81port are gold plated. In the Ming dynasty, Taihe Gate was the place where the emperor listened to politics. In the Qing dynasty, the emperor held a banquet here. The altar leaves the palace. Get off the sedan chair and change here. The emperor's wedding, bride price, conferring and welcoming ceremony all go through this gate. Then he walked forward, and it was the outer court area.

Forbidden City Taihe Gate

Entering the main hall, there is a wooden square platform in the middle, with 7 steps and a height of about 4 meters. I watched it again and again. Isn't that what I often heard from my parents when I was a child? The tour guide said, you are right. This wooden seat is called the golden throne. Although small, it forms a whole with the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and the emperor sitting on the throne becomes the soul of the building. The combination of humanistic scale and architectural scale perfectly creates an environmental atmosphere of harmony between man and nature and supremacy of imperial power. There is a golden throne of Qi Diao Dragon on it. Behind it are seven golden dragon screens. On both sides of the platform of the square, there are six golden pillars with colorful gilded dragons on them. Careful observation shows that each column is 1 2.7m in height and1m in diameter, and each column is coiled with a vigorous golden dragon. Looking up at the top of the temple, the colorful paintings between the beams are gorgeous, and the colors of azurite, stone tapestry, vermilion and pink are bright and pleasing to the eye. The red and yellow colors are decorated with golden dragon patterns, with thousands of gestures. Here are two dragons beating pearls, flying alone in one dragon; There are dragons, sitting dragons, ascending dragons and descending dragons, and there are clouds and flames around the dragon body. In the center of the top of the temple, there is a huge golden dragon carved, and there is a silver-white big round bead hanging from the longkou, surrounded by six small beads. The dragon head and the orb face the golden throne below, and really become a dragon and a little dragon, like the Dragon Museum. According to architectural experts, the throne of the emperor is located in the central axis of the Forbidden City in Beijing, which symbolizes the symbol of imperial power with the emperor as the core. The central axis runs from Wumen to Tiananmen to Yongdingmen in the south and Shenwumen to Tiananmen in the north, with a total length of about 8 kilometers.

Palace Museum Zhonghe Hall

Baohe Hall in the Forbidden City

Beyond the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the Hall of Supreme Harmony. The Zhonghe Hall is square, with three vertical and horizontal rooms, surrounded by cloisters and spires. Four roofs converge under the gilded dome, and there is a throne in the hall. This hall is the preparation room before the emperor faces the court, which is equivalent to the backstage lounge now.

Walking into the Baohe Hall is smaller than the Hall of Supreme Harmony. According to the house number, the hall was rebuilt in 1765. Nine rooms are wide and five rooms are deep, and the double eaves rest on the top of the mountain, which is very beautiful. The space between temples is very spacious. This hall is the place where the emperor held grand banquets and court exams.

The Three Great Halls * * are built on a three-story white marble pedestal, with a height of 8.12m, which shows the grandeur of the Great Hall. On the steps of the three-layer marble, there is a bronze censer with mirror casting of 18. These bronze incense burners were used by the emperor to burn sandalwood in various ceremonies. According to research, there were 18 provinces in China in Qing dynasty, and each of these 18 bronze incense burners represented a province. The edge of each floor of the platform base is a white jade faucet. There is a small garden hole in Longkou, which is the drainage pipe of the pedestal. When it rains heavily, water comes out of the tap, just like thousands of golden dragons spraying water. This is both beautiful and practical, which solves the problem of rain exile and shows the intelligence of ancient people in China.