Which word can reflect the differences between Chinese and foreign cultures?

I always talk about animals, right?

Monkeys are insulting in western culture. In China, monkeys symbolize liveliness and cleverness. In the west, this is a great shame for people.

And dogs and cats.

The most typical word is color.

1. Red represents enthusiasm, liveliness, vividness, warmth, happiness and auspiciousness.

Concrete-blood, sunset, heart, flame

Abstraction-enthusiasm, danger, celebration, resistance, explosion.

Warm red tone-excited, lucky, careful, loyal, fiery, clean and grateful.

Red is the basic color of China culture, which embodies the spiritual and material pursuit of China people. It symbolizes auspiciousness and happiness. For example, people who advocate other people's beautiful marriages are called "matchmakers", and red lanterns, red couplets and red blessings are hung on festive days. When a man marries a woman, he puts the word "hi" in red, and calls it "bustling"; Describe the bustling place as "red dust"; It also symbolizes revolution and progress. For example, the original regime in China was called the "Red Regime", and the earliest armed forces were called the "Red Army". Politically, they demanded progress, while those who studied hard in business were called "Red and Specialized". It also symbolizes smoothness and success. For example, when people are in prosperity, they are called "popularity" and "smash hit"; When favored by superiors, it is called "red man"; When they share profits in a partnership, they are called "dividends"; And they give people bonuses, which is called "red envelopes". It also symbolizes beauty, such as women's "red makeup" or "red skirt", women's "tea" with heavy makeup, and the "beauty" of women's beautiful face.

In western culture, red is a derogatory term, which is the association of "fire" and "blood". It symbolizes cruelty and bloodshed, such as (1) the killing and violent rule of Otawa Claw, (2) the bloody revenge of red revenge, and (3) the bloody battle of red battle. It also symbolizes radical and violent revolution, such as (1) red-hot political movement, (2) a red revolution, (3) red activities and leftist radical activities; It also symbolizes danger and tension, such as (1) red warning air raid alarm, (2) a red adventure story, a nervous adventure story, (3) a red flag and a danger signal flag; It also symbolizes debauchery and obscenity, such as (1) a red one wasting his youth, (2) a flower street and a willow lane in the red light district, (3) is she really as coquettish as she painted? Is she really as dissolute as people describe her?

As for the praise of red, such as the festive red light festival and the grand red carpet reception, it benefits from the exchange and integration between different cultures. According to textual research, red praise spread from the Far East to the West via Persia.

2. White represents purity, innocence, simplicity, sacredness and liveliness.

Specific-white snow, white paper, white clouds, nurses

Abstraction-purity, simplicity, holiness, piety and nothingness.

White tone-purity, integrity, light, dream, victory, joy and ability.

In China culture, white is a basic taboo word relative to red, which reflects China people's rejection and aversion to material and spirit. In China's ancient Five-Party Theory, the west is the White Tiger, and the west is the autumn when Xingtian killed God and Xiao killed. In ancient times, people often conquered injustice and executed prisoners in autumn. So white is a sign of exhaustion, bloodless and lifeless, symbolizing death and bad omen. For example, since ancient times, after the death of a loved one, family members have to wear linen Dai Xiao (white mourning clothes) to do "white things", set up a white mourning hall, and put a white banner at the funeral; In ancient times, the white tiger was regarded as an evil spirit, so now the woman who brings bad luck to men is called "White Tiger Star". In its development process, due to the influence of political function, white psychological function symbolizes decay, reaction and backwardness, such as being regarded as "the road to white expertise"; It also symbolizes failure, stupidity and unprofitable. For example, the defeated party in the war always holds a "white flag" to express surrender, calls the mentally retarded people "idiots", and calls the unprofitable or ineffective efforts "futile", "futile" and so on. It also symbolizes evil and insidious, such as "bad COP" and "bad COP". Finally, it also symbolizes a shallow knowledge and no fame. For example, ordinary people are called "Ding Bai", "white clothes" and "white body", and scholars who lack exercise and experience are called "white-faced scholars".

The symbolic significance of white in western culture mainly focuses on its own color, such as the colors of newly fallen snow, fresh milk and lily. Westerners believe that white is elegant and pure, so it is the color advocated in western culture. It symbolizes innocence, such as (1) the pure heart of a white soul, (2) the wedding of the bride in a white dress; It also symbolizes integrity and honesty, such as (1) a white spirit, (2) a noble and educated person, (3) a clean and honest hand, and (3) a white hand. It also symbolizes good luck and good luck, such as (1) one of the white days in one's life, (2)whitemagic has the magic of an angel; It also means legal and harmless, such as (1) whitemarket legal market, (2) white list approves legal bill, and (3)awhite lie is harmless.

3. Purple represents elegance, nobility, charm and pride.

Specific-grapes, eggplant, violets, seaweed.

Abstraction-noble, mysterious, jealous, elegant and morbid.

Cool colors of purple-luxury, beauty, anxiety, peace, love, repentance, humility, hope, enthusiasm, enthusiasm.

In China's folklore, Emperor Tiandi lives in the "Wei Zi Palace" (constellation) in the sky, so both human emperors (emperors) with Emperor Tiandi as their father and Taoism with Emperor Tiandi as their belief are proud of purple. As a symbol of auspiciousness and nobility, purple was adopted by feudal emperors and Taoists. For example, Jirui's gas is called "Purple Gas" and "Purple Electricity", and the Palace is called "Forbidden Palace" and "Forbidden City". In order to win people's hearts, emperors of past dynasties often gave "purple robes" to low-ranking officials, and "wearing purple" became the Rong Lu pursued by feudal literati; People also call Taoist books "purple books" and immortals' residences "purple platforms". Coincidentally, the symbolic meaning of purple in English is also related to emperors, princes and religions, which is an interesting cultural coincidence, such as (1)t the purple's throne and kingship, (2) being born in purple's family, (3)marryin the purple's family, and (4) be rai.

Yellow represents light, happiness, nobility and hope.

Specific-bananas, gold, Huang Ju, pay attention to the signal.

Abstract-smart, focused, smart, uneasy and ambitious.

Warm yellow tone-warm, bright, rich, stable, independent, spontaneous, sense of justice, perfectionist.

Yellow is the development and variation of red in China culture. For example, in the old days, people called the day suitable for doing great things "auspicious days", but it represented power and majesty. This is because in the ancient five elements, five elements and five colors, the central part is khaki. Yellow symbolizes the meaning of the central government and the land, so it is exclusive to feudal emperors in past dynasties. Ordinary people can't use it casually. For example, the "yellow robe" is the emperor's "dragon robe", the "Huang Yue" is the emperor's ceremonial ceremony, the "yellow list" is the emperor's imperial edict, and the "yellow coat" is the official uniform given by the Qing emperor to civil and military officials. As for the popular concept of "yellow" related to "sex", there is a saying that it is a phenomenon of cultural exchange and integration between China and the West. It is said that in order to win sales, Le Monde in new york of the United States printed low-level cartoons with yellow ink, so people called this unhealthy publication "yellow publication". The New York News reported news such as * * *, vendetta and crime in an exaggerated and exaggerated way, and people also called this news "yellow news". In fact, yellow in ancient China has always been related to "sex". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was the Yellow Book of the Yellow Scarf Uprising. Although this book is poor, it is obvious that this book focuses on "art in the room" In addition, Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty said that "the sun shines on the yellow moon" in "Color Matching in the Room" in "A Thousand Women". On this basis, Zhang pointed out in his book Chinese Color Words: "The yellow in ancient China was related to sex. That's true. It's just that people have forgotten it for more than a thousand years. Yellow in western culture is reminiscent of the color of clothes worn by Judas who betrayed Jesus, so yellow has a bad symbolic meaning. It is not only a newspaper that expresses vulgar taste, but also a book with no literary value (such as scandal sheet scandal list, yellow newspaper style of yellow news, cheap and sensational novels by y ellow back). Mainly mean and timid, such as (1) yellow dog despicable, (2) yellow stripe timid, (3) yellow live timid.

5. Blue represents profundity, eternity, calmness, rationality, honesty and coldness.

Specific-ocean, blue sky, distant mountains, lakes and oceans

Abstraction-quiet, melancholy, calm, rational and free.

Cool colors of blue-sadness, indifference, patience, freedom, movement and vitality.

Blue has little symbolic meaning in China culture, but relatively speaking, it has more symbolic meaning in western culture. Commenting on blue, Achim said: "Blue is as cool as water." It is a "negative or negative color". It can symbolize nobility, loftiness, profundity and sternness, such as (1) blue blood family, (2) the symbol of the highest honor of blue ribbon, (3) Blue nose's strict adherence to the canon; (4) Strict regulations of blue law; It also symbolizes melancholy and depression, such as (1) feeling blue and unhappy, and (2)a blueoutlook's pessimistic outlook on life. Things look terrible. Things are not satisfactory. (4) Blue Monday is an unhappy Monday, which also symbolizes obscenity and indecency, such as (1) bluemovie *** movie, (2) Blue Revolution "sexual liberation" and (3)blue talk's obscene remarks. It also means sudden and rapid, such as (1) surprise, (2) blue sky, and (3) blue stripes are fleeting.

6. Green represents freshness, calmness, peace, softness, relaxation and youth.

Specific-leaves, vegetation, parks, safety signals

Abstraction-peace, ideal, hope, growth and security.

Green cool color-health, freshness, exquisiteness, life, elegance, hope, self-cultivation, nature and harmony.

In the traditional culture of China, green is dual, representing both chivalrous people and wild evils. This is because in humans,

In the initial era of human beings and the long life process after that, human beings protected themselves and survived with the help of green;

But at the same time, green also protects human natural enemies and other fierce cannibals. In this way, the narrow sense of justice is justice.

For example, people generally call people who gather mountains to rob the rich and help the poor "outlaws"; The evil field is evil, so it used to mean ""

Greenwood "is a bandit who takes the mountain as the king, blocks the road and robs people;" Green also symbolizes meanness, such as servants in the Han Dynasty.

Wear green headscarves. After the Yuan Dynasty, all prostitutes wore green headscarves to show their low status, because their wives had an affair, which made their husbands lose face.

Without light, I feel inferior and ask my husband to wear a "green hat." Symbolic significance of green and turquoise in western culture.

The color of vegetation has a great relationship, which is the life color of plants. Asheim said: "Green evokes refreshing nature.

Ideas. "It not only symbolizes youth and vitality, such as (1) in the green forest of youth, (

2) full of blood in green, 3) a green old age is strong and healthy; But also fresh, such as (1

I remember Green vividly.

Green wound, new wound; But it also means naive and untested, such as (1) a novice,

(2) green as grass is childish, (3) green horns are gullible fools; It also symbolizes jealousy.

For example, (1) monsters with green eyes are jealous, (2) the green color of jealousy is full of jealousy, and (3)

Green eyes, jealous eyes.

7. Black represents sublime, solid, serious, vigorous and rude.

Specific-night, ink, charcoal, hair

Abstraction-death, evil, terror, seriousness and loneliness

Black tone-death, crime, terror, seriousness, seriousness and pain

In the cultural symbolic significance of the Han nationality, black, like red, yellow and white, has dual cultural significance: both positive and negative.

Because black and iron are similar, people often use black to symbolize "integrity, perseverance, solemnity and selflessness" since ancient times. For example, in the art of traditional Chinese opera facial makeup, black is often used to symbolize the noble qualities of historical figures, such as honest and frank's selflessness. For example, the stage images of historical figures such as Weichi Gong in Tang Dynasty and Bao Zheng in Song Dynasty are all black faces.

According to China's ancient theory of five elements, the space between heaven and earth is divided into east, west, north and south elements, which belong to wood, gold, fire, water and earth, and the five elements are blue, white, red, black and yellow respectively. The north belongs to water and is black. Therefore, people also use black to symbolize "deep". Black is similar to night, so it symbolizes "mystery and solemnity".

Black is also derogatory. This may come from the idiom "reverse black and white". Qu Yuan said in "Nine Chapters of Huai Sha": "White is black, upside down is down". In addition, black is related to the ink punishment of "Fu" in ancient China. As early as the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, people carved or tattooed characters on the foreheads or faces of prisoners, and then painted them with black ink, thus leaving an indelible shame on the prisoners' faces. Therefore, black has an ignominious additional meaning.

Hell and the mythical "underworld" are both dark and opposite to light. So black symbolizes "darkness, sinister, terror, death" and other derogatory colors.

In addition, black also means evil and conspiracy. Such as: "black minions, black hearts, blacklists" and so on. From the darkness, derogatory meanings such as "disgraceful, illegal and deceptive" can also be derived. For example, the popular words in society are "black hukou, underworld, black market, black goods, black money, black car (referring to taxis without driving license and tax), black people (referring to people without hukou) and so on.

8. Pink is a variant of red, which can be regarded as a combination or reversion of red. in China.

In China, pink is also called peach blossom color. Cui Hu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Peach blossoms set each other off in red".

Compared with others, the fundamental reason is that women decorate themselves with pink rouge, and their faces are white and red, which can be compared with beautiful women.

Compared with peach blossoms. Pink (peach) can symbolize women, such as Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "Looking back."

When you smile, the six palaces are wiped out. " Young men call their beloved woman "confidante". Weigh men and women

The improper sexual relationship between them is a "peach affair". In western culture, pink symbolizes essence and perfection, such as (1).

Perfect pink is the perfect thing or person.

Be polite; It also symbolizes the upper class, such as (1) pink ladies' high-style cocktails (2) pink tea upper class.

Social activities, (3) apink-white-collar senior female secretary.

Gray represents melancholy, negativity, modesty, mediocrity, silence, moderation and loneliness.

Gray tone-dark, sad, lonely, unclean, silent

Orange represents brightness, splendor, excitement, sweetness and happiness.

Specific-orange, sunset glow, orange, autumn leaves

Abstraction-warmth, happiness, enthusiasm, positivity and clarity.

Warm orange tones-freedom, light, hope, sympathy, touching, benefit and sacrifice.

The symbolic meaning of color words varies greatly in different national cultures. Fundamentally speaking, in China culture, the symbol of color is based on China's feudal rule, superstition and primitive and backward science and education, so the symbolic meaning of color has a strong tendency of politicization and mystification. The color symbols in western culture benefit more from the opening of western countries and the popularization of science education. Its symbolic meaning is less mysterious and more rational, which makes its semantics and semantic motivation easier to trace back. The symbolic meaning of color between different cultures is established in the development of society and the precipitation of history, which is a permanent cultural phenomenon. They can make language more vivid, interesting, humorous and friendly, so we should pay enough attention to them.