A bench and a chair in a dream of red mansions tells what kind of musical instrument culture it carries.

The fun of A Dream of Red Mansions is that it seems to be telling a story, but the artifacts around it are clearly explained between stories. Cao Gong's seemingly casual description gives special meaning to the things appearing in A Dream of Red Mansions, just like simple stools and chairs. Although small, it is indispensable at home.

There are roughly three states in a person's life, one lying, two standing and three sitting, among which sitting accounts for a large proportion, so it is particularly important as a chair and stool, which also carries the furniture culture for thousands of years since ancient times.

From "sitting on the floor" to "sitting with your feet down", stools and chairs did not become popular until the Song Dynasty. In ancient times, people didn't have the habit of making stools or chairs, because the ability to build houses at that time was limited and the houses built were relatively low and narrow, so people sat on the floor.

Sitting on the ground

From Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties to Qin and Han dynasties, this sitting posture has not changed. At that time, people's sitting posture was generally "kneeling", that is, their legs were kneeling on the ground, their calves were flat on the ground, and their hips were sitting on their heels, but their legs would be numb after kneeling for a long time. So here's a "lean a few" to lean a little. With it, the sitting posture is much more comfortable than before.

Sit with your feet down

It was not until the Han Dynasty that there were stools, but the stools at that time were not used for sitting, but only used as pedals, that is, stepping on the stools to climb horses or climb up and down to get things.

It was not until the Tang Dynasty that stools really played a role, and people's sitting posture finally changed from "sitting on the floor" to "sitting with their feet down".

Chairs appeared in the period of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, but it was not until the Song Dynasty that chairs really became a popular seating tool. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the shapes of chairs mainly changed into armchairs and armchairs. Since then, stools and chairs have really become popular in people's lives.

Stools: High-end sitting, low-standing, small stools, as a very important category of furniture, have many forms of presentation in Jiafu, and their exquisiteness can be seen everywhere. Stools appear many times because they are practical, and people of all identities can sit up.

Shuttlecock is a bench in Xiao Mu. This kind of stool is common in Jiafu, because it is easy to move and practical, and can be seen in many scenes.

When xiren went to visit her sick Wang Xifeng, Pinger asked someone to take a chair for xiren to sit on. When Mrs. Wang was taking care of the Jia family and their wives for dinner, the Jia family once authorized Mrs. Wang to sit in a chair and let Wang Xifeng and Li Wan come.

Jia Mu took everyone to celebrate Wang Xifeng's birthday.

Jia Mu and everyone should raise money for Wang Xifeng's birthday. Some servants in the Jia family who have served their elders are worth more than the young master. For example, wet nurse Lai and Wang Xifeng can only stand, but they can sit in small chairs for big things.

Embroidered pier, a drum-like stool, is a more advanced stool than a small shuttlecock. This kind of stool is generally round, the middle part will be fatter and the upper and lower parts will be smaller. Because there are usually some silk mats on the stool, it is called embroidered pier. In Qing Dynasty, women often used embroidered piers. Among the twelve beauties in Yongzheng, four of them were sitting on the embroidered pier.

In the "Chrysanthemum Poetry Society" organized by Xiangyun and Baochai, Daiyu didn't drink much and didn't eat crabs, so she asked people to build an embroidered pier and sit on the railing to fish. The life of Miss Daiyu and others, whether sitting on a stool or playing, is full of elegance.

Embroidered piers are often placed beside the bed, which is more convenient for two people to talk together. Once xiren was embroidering a Chinese-style chest covering for Baoyu, who was taking a nap. Aroma said that she was tired from embroidery for a long time and went out for a walk. Baochai sat on the embroidered pier and embroidered a Chinese-style chest covering for Baoyu. Baochai's love for Baoyu is reflected here. It's just that Baoyu refused the "golden marriage" in his dream and hurt Baochai.

Pedal, also known as footstool, is the shortest stool, one level lower than badminton. Such a small stool is generally used in front of a bed, under a kang or in front of a chair, for washing feet, sleeping, or stepping on your feet when sitting in bed and talking.

Trampoline is a small stool that ordinary girls can sit on, but trampoline, a girl who obeys the rules like Baochai's maid Yingying, is afraid to sit on it. On one occasion, Mrs. Wang asked Yuchuan and Yingying to send Baoyu lotus leaf soup together. Yuchuan came to Hongyi Garden and sat on the pestle, but Yingying didn't dare to sit, so Aaron brought her a pedal and she sat down safely.

On another occasion, Li Wan and Baochai were discussing things in the hall. Pinger, Wang Xifeng's assistant, listened. When she saw him coming, Tanchun told him to sit on the pedal. Generally, girls are standing, so they are not qualified to sit. So it is not disrespectful to let Pinger sit on the pedal here, but a very respectful behavior.

Big bench, also called door stool. The big family put the stools in the concierge, so that the guests waiting at home have a place to sit and rest. Jia Fu's big bench is also made of precious Huang Huali wood, and Jia Fu's slaves sit on it illegally, showing the appearance of a noble slave. Grandma Liu saw this scene the first time she went to Jia's house, and the attendants at the door also deliberately teased Grandma Liu, so the servants in Jia's house were sometimes too unruly.

Rattan drawer spring stool This is a bench made of rattan skin. It is a bench that can sit and lie down, with a wide surface. You can put it under the tree as a cool bed in spring. Baoyu was beaten by Jia Zheng and couldn't walk. Wang Xifeng asked someone to carry him back with this stool.

This stool is actually similar to a bed for enjoying the cool. There is one in Yuan's yard. Once Qingwen lay there enjoying the cool. Later, Baoyu came back and told her about the quarrel with her at noon. Later, the two of them were still sitting on the spring stool tearing fans and playing together.

Chairs: There are many kinds of chairs. Not every chair can sit casually. The weight of the chair is higher than that of the stool, and the chair appears later than the stool. It seems that the chair only has an armrest, but there are many rules. Not every chair can sit casually.

A chair with a top chair and a bottom chair crossed. Its bottom is similar to a chair, with a pony and a circle of handrails. The top spot was originally evolved from the folding seats of northern ethnic minorities.

The obvious appearance of the first place was when the Jia family worshipped their ancestors. At that time, a roof was set around the ancestral hall, and then everyone could complete the ceremony by themselves and then return to their seats in the order of age and age. The setting of the top chair is more serious, so this kind of chair is very particular about specifications.

There is also an interesting allusion about the number one spot "Who is the number one spot". The reason why the top spot is given a unique position is that it was carried in ancient marching and hunting. At that time, only emperors and senior generals could use it, so the top spot became a symbol of power.

Round back chair, that is, round chair. It is named after the backrest and armrest are connected in a circle. This kind of chair is rare and can only be found in Jia Mu's house. When Daiyu first entered Jia's house, Grandmother Jia was sitting in an armchair waiting for Daiyu to come.

Rose chair, also known as "Wen chair". This is a small chair suitable for girls to study. Daiyu's Xiaoxiang Pavilion is decorated like a study, which is very suitable for this kind of rose chair. Daiyu usually likes to read and write poems here. When Mrs. Wang and Mrs. Jia visited Xiaoxiang Pavilion together, Daiyu asked the maid to bring the rose chair she often made for Mrs. Wang, which was a great respect for Mrs. Wang.

A plush chair, with a round-backed chair with a lotus leaf on the top. I am familiar with this name, because it will be mentioned in TV series. This kind of chair is very atmospheric, so it will highlight the owner's position at home. It is a flashy chair.

The origin of the plush chair is also related to the villain Qin Gui and his flatterer Wu Yuan. Ancient people like to wear headscarves. Qin Gui accidentally dropped his headscarf while sitting in a chair, so Wu Yuan invented this chair with lotus leaves to support his head, which is similar to the backrest and headrest. At that time, people thought that Qin Gui was a plush chair, so this chair was called "plush chair".

Jia Fu's "plush chair" first appeared in the rooms of Jia Zheng and Mrs. Wang. Because they are the heads of the Jia family, they usually need to receive guests who come to Jia family, so there will be a plush chair in the room.

When Daiyu first arrived in Jiafu, she was tested by Mrs. Wang. As soon as Mrs. Wang came, she let Daiyu sit in Jia Zheng's position. Daiyu decided not to do it, so she sat in a chair. Later, Mrs. Wang knew that Daiyu had been admitted, and her mind was really bad, so she took Daiyu and sat on the kang together.

Painted chair is a kind of painted wooden armchair. Because Qi Diao is a "trinity" skill of painting, painting and carving, the production of a lacquerware product has to go through eight major processes and dozens of small processes. So this kind of chair is a very precious and exquisite chair.

In Ningfu, this kind of chair is taken out for use, because Jiafu ancestral hall is located in Ningguo, and You Shi is the hostess. On the day of ancestor worship, when everyone in Jia's family comes back, You's family will take out the best chairs and greet everyone to sit down.

Stools and chairs are only one square inch, but they are symbols of status and status. Stools and chairs are just small things that are matched with furniture, but their square inches highlight the differences in people's status, because there are rules everywhere in the family, not deliberately showing off, but the rules have long been established and deeply rooted in people's hearts. Stools and chairs are very clearly reflected.

Whether to sit on a stool or a chair depends on the identity of the seat used by Jiafu when the stool and machine are ordinary, there are few people, or there are few activities. This is easy to understand. Xiren went to see the sick Wang Xifeng. She was sitting on a stool, and Yuchuan was sitting on a stool in Yee Hong Yuan.

Yinger was afraid to sit, so she had to stand. Pinger and Tanchun also sit on their feet when they are officially working together. When Zhao DOG, Jia Lian's wet nurse, came to beg Jia Lian to keep her for dinner, she was afraid to go to the table for dinner. She just stood and put the food away with a pestle.

Only the host and guests can sit in the chair. This is the rule. Girls can sit in chairs naturally, but they can't sit in formal occasions. In addition to stools and chairs, letting guests sit on the kang with the host is also close to the guests and attaches importance to the performance of others.

On different occasions, you need different chairs to receive guests. Chairs are upgraded versions of stools, but not all chairs are the same, and there are many grades of chairs. Among them, the plush chair is a very solemn chair. When the guests come, they need to go to the main room to receive them. Use this chair.

Li Wan originally took care of Jia's affairs for Wang Xifeng. At that time, they were all custodians, and the seats were generally different when doing things. At this time, the chairs they made were round-backed chairs. Because their identities have changed at this time, the objects used should be changed accordingly.

According to different places, uses, and people's identity and status, chairs and stools in the Red Cross dream are different. There are also the round-backed chairs in the Rong Hall, the top chairs used for sacrificing pine, the plush chairs in Jia Zheng's room, the roses of Daiyu in Xiaoxiang Hall, the painted chairs carved by You's on the first floor, the spring stools and machines in Xifeng's room, and the spare benches in the gatehouse classroom. Anyway, there will be benches and chairs in every place.

Generally speaking, people don't pay special attention to stools and chairs in their daily lives, because as long as they can sit, but in a big family like Jia, many things are not so simple. Stools and chairs can't sit casually, because if they are not careful, they will not be laughed at and punished. This is why Dai Yugang "dared not say a word" when he entered Jia Fu. Stools and chairs are not square inches, but they show different seating cultures.