Cultivation techniques and production methods of bonsai

The cultivation techniques and production methods of bonsai are as follows:

I. Cultivation techniques:

1, preparation of soil

It is necessary to prepare soil when cultivating bonsai flowers. First, humus soil rich in trace elements, loose soil, silt, vermiculite and other materials need to be prepared, and then mixed together according to the ratio of 3: 2: 1, so that bonsai flowers can be planted, and after planting, the soil surface can be covered with a layer of sand and gravel.

Step 2 water regularly

In the process of cultivating bonsai flowers, regular watering is also needed. In summer, the temperature is high and the water evaporates quickly, so you can water the bonsai flowers every morning and evening. In spring and autumn when the temperature is suitable, water can be watered every three days, and in winter when the temperature is low, water can be watered every one or two weeks.

3. Scientific fertilization

In the process of cultivating bonsai flowers, it can also provide them with balanced nutrition. Potted flowers should provide decomposed farmyard manure or urea at seedling stage, apply nitrogen fertilizer or decomposed cake fertilizer at vigorous growth stage, and use phosphorus, potassium fertilizer or boron fertilizer before and after flowering.

4. Keep it bright.

Bonsai flowers cannot grow without light. In the process of maintenance, they can provide enough light to keep the leaves green. Therefore, in the spring and autumn season, sunshine can be provided all day, and in the summer afternoon, bonsai flowers need to be shaded.

Second, the production method:

Generally, it should be carried out in the spring and autumn when plants grow vigorously. Pottery pots, clay pots, sand pots and other containers with drainage holes and soil suitable for plant growth should be selected. According to the growth habits of different plants, provide corresponding growth environment and cut off redundant branches regularly.

Classification of bonsai:

1, stump bonsai

Choose more tree species with small branches and leaves, easy survival in potted plants, slow growth, long life and strange roots, especially those with gorgeous flowers and fruits. At present, there are about 160 kinds of garden trees used as stumps. In addition to artificial propagation, they are usually cultivated from old trunk stumps left after years of logging.

Stump bonsai can be divided into straight stem, inclined stem, bent stem, lying stem, cliff, dead stem, rooting, attached stone, jungle and other forms. The best culture soil is loose, breathable, well drained and can keep fertilizer. Bonsai is formed by pruning, tying branches with metal wires or brown wires and bending them into a certain shape, and then carefully pruning and shaping them year by year, with different local styles.

Stump bonsai must be carefully maintained after molding. Among them, pruning is an important measure to promote or control the growth of stumps and keep them in a certain posture. When the branches and leaves are in pieces and the stumps are clear, they should be thinned or shortened frequently. Pine trees can cut off all or part of the main buds to shorten the shoots.

2. Landscape bonsai

The theme must be selected in advance and carefully designed, and the stone should be processed according to the theme, or it can be tailored to the stone and applied with the class. Rock materials are turquoise (soft stone) and hard stone (hard stone). Loose stones can be chiseled into ravines, caves and peaks with a special hammer, and the shortcomings can be made up by splicing and gluing.

There are planting holes in the stone to facilitate planting vegetation. The layout of the scenery in the basin should be well-defined, rich, varied and not messy. The suitable stones in the same basin are of the same variety, with similar colors and smooth texture. At the same time, the perspective principle of "near the big and far from the small, low big and high and small, near the real and far from the virtual" is applied, with plants, pavilions, bridges, flowing water, birds and animals, people, etc. with shallow pots as the foil, so as to achieve the artistic effect of seeing the big from the small and being thousands of miles away.