Appreciation of Du Wu's Trial Speech in Duanzhou Post during Yan Wu's Three Years.

In the first month of 705 AD (the first year of Tang Zhongzong Shenlong), Prime Minister Zhang Jian took advantage of Wu Zetian's illness and led the Yulin Army to launch a coup, which wiped out Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong brothers, forced Wu Zetian to abdicate and ushered in the restoration of Zhongzong.

This is a great event in the history of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, a group of people were banished to the evil country of Lingnan for "falling in love". Song, as a famous poet of Wu, could not escape this fate and was demoted to Longzhou (now Luoding County, Guangdong Province) to join the army. Duanzhou: Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province today. Du, Shen Qi, Yan and Wang Wujing are all contemporary Korean poets in Song Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, people used to use the rank of brothers and their names. For example, Du ranked fifth, if that's Du Wushen. So do the rest of the people. They were all exiled to Lingnan because of their connection with Zhang Yizhi, the favorite of Wu Zetian. Song left late because of illness. When he passed by Duanzhou Post Station, he saw the poems of Du, Shen, Yan and Wang hanging on the wall, and he wrote this poem with emotion. Although this poem is improvised, it is full of emotion, fluent in language and vivid and touching. Predecessors once commented that Song was "fluent in writing" and "excellent in classical poetry". This seven-character ancient poem is an example.

The first two sentences of the poem are plain, just like the four friends' sentence: "I will meet you every time I go to Nanzhong", which means that we guilty courtiers have been severely punished and exiled from the north to the south. We think we can meet often in the south. It is also a great comfort to think of having friends and being far away from home. "Unexpectedly, there are many roads in the south and middle, and Qian Shan Wanshui is divided into townships and counties." It means: Who expected that there would be so many forks in the road to Nanzhong? Qian Shan is separated by thousands of rivers. Where can I meet friends? In fact, this is a lyric poem, which expresses his deep regret and sorrow euphemistically and tortuous. "Clouds shake and rain disperse, the sky is vast and the news is sparse", which is about missing friends. Generally speaking, describe separation, or "clouds fly and rain disperse" or "rain flies and clouds disperse". Song Wenzhi used the word "cloud shaking" to express his memories of his early success in the poem "March 3, Guizhou", saying: "The wind shook the clouds and went purple."

The so-called soaring. In feudal society, if you want to be a courtier, you can't just rely on your own talents. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, scholars had to be recommended by dignitaries. Song has a deep understanding of the mystery, but also has a deep understanding. He obsequiously attached himself to Zhang Yizhi, the favorite of Wu Zetian, perhaps just trying to take advantage of his "blustery". Wu Zetian was dying, Zhang Yizhi was killed, and he was also implicated.

The "cloud shake" here implies imperial power or political power, which makes them scattered everywhere like rain. "Surfing" also means unexpected fate. "The sea is vast and the sky is long" means that friends live far apart. Du was exiled to Fengzhou, in the northwest of Shanxi, across the Hexi River; Yan exiled Yazhou, Qiongshan County, Hainan Island, and had to cross the sea to reach the relegated place. And Shen Xiang moved to _ state, which is now Chongzuo County, Guangxi. According to legend, it is the place where Shun put his pocket. These places are far away from Luozhou, where Song is going, which is now Luoding County, Guangdong Province. In ancient times, the traffic was inconvenient, so the poem went on to say, "The news is scarce." It is difficult to communicate and exchange information with each other. "Small news" and "every meeting" look after each other from a distance, which further enhances the sense of sadness.

Before the post, the poet missed his friends who suffered from it and worried about their future: "Mountains and rivers are everywhere, and self-pity can win several people back." Although everyone goes to different places, they are all covered in boils, and the mountains and rivers are full of sadness. The next sentence ends with a deep sigh. Most people in the Central Plains don't adapt to the hot climate in remote areas in the south, and regard Lingnan as a wild land. People who were relegated to Lingnan, when they first arrived in Lingnan, all had the fear of a narrow escape. Those who were banished to Duanzhou a year earlier than Song died there. At the beginning of 705 AD (the first year of Shenlong), Zhang, who was exiled to Qinzhou (now Qinzhou, Guangxi) with him, was pardoned and returned to Beijing. When passing through Duanzhou, he wrote "Returning to Duanzhou Station and Other Places in Senior Six": "Recalling the mountains and rivers of the past, people are hurt today. This is the way to go, life and death are different. " At the end of the song dynasty, "self-pity can win several people back", perhaps because I read Zhang Shi.

This seven-character ancient poem is simple and easy to understand, and it is also wonderful to see it among the people. Words and sentences in the poem are very natural and expressive; The proper use of disyllabic, rhyming and repetition makes it sound harmonious and patchy. The whole poem consists of eight sentences and 56 words. Write ups and downs, ups and downs. As far as this poem is concerned, seeing the title wall leads to the yearning for friends, and then reveals the sadness of being demoted to Lingnan. His emotional development changes from disappointment and sadness, loneliness and sadness, confusion and fear, which truly reveals the inner psychology of being demoted and has strong artistic appeal.