How did Zhu Yuwen spend his old age peacefully?

Several Views on the whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian of the Ming Dynasty

First, take refuge in Jiangsu.

After the war of Jingnan, the palace caught fire, and Wen Jian, who was unable to return to heaven, fled the capital with several loyal officials from the culvert of Houzaimen in Yanque Lake. Then, BoQIA, the great monk of Tianfu Temple, took a boat to meet Taihu Lake and hid them in Fusaiji, Meishan.

In the fifth year of Yongle, Pocha was tipped off by monks in the same temple and fell into the hands of the Royal Guards. Under torture, Bocha remained silent. Emperor Yongle had to send a royal guard to search Tianfu Temple and Fushou Temple. However, nothing was found.

Then, in the name of searching for Zhang Sanfeng, Ming Chengzu sent people to conduct secret investigations and searches all over the country.

In fact, the emperor didn't go far, but was moved to the dome mountain in Wuxian by Yan Daoshi, the first counselor of Yongle Emperor. This is a fief given to Taoist Yan by Emperor Yongle. It is isolated from the world and very safe.

Monk Daoyan did this for a reason. It turned out that in the battle of Jingnan, he had an oral agreement with Emperor Yongle: First, it was forbidden to kill innocent people indiscriminately; Second, it can only replace Emperor Wen Jian, but it can't harm his life. Later, however, Yongle Imperial City reneged.

It was not until Taoist Yan died that he told the truth. Ming Chengzu sent people to explore the dome mountain and found that Wen Jian was bent on becoming a monk and had no intention of restoration. After that, he didn't embarrass Emperor Wen Jian.

In the 21st year of Yongle (A.D. 1423), Emperor Wen Jian died in Dome Mountain, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, at the age of 46, and was buried on the hillside behind the ancestral temple.

This statement was verified by Xu Zuosheng, a member of the History Society of Sino-foreign Relations of China Academy of Social Sciences, a researcher of Zhenghe Research Society and an editor of a newspaper in Shanghai, who spent seven years on-the-spot investigation.

Second, Guizhou refuge theory

People who hold this view believe that Wen Jian wrote two poems in Guiyang after his escape, which is in contrast with his later poems, so it can be judged that he has been to Guizhou.

It is understood that in the book "Ming History", his situation of being down and out has been recorded many times. Among them, the book describes that he went to Zhu Jin, Guizhou (now Guiyang) to file a lawsuit against Luo Yongan, and wrote two poems on the temple wall, lamenting his exile life.

One is: "The wind and dust suddenly invaded the south overnight, and the destiny moved the heart of the world. Phoenix belongs to Danshan, the red sun is far away, and the dragon belongs to the sea. Wei Zi arches like a star, jade leaks silently, and water sinks. Looking back at the Forbidden City tonight, Liugong still looks forward to Cui Hua. "

The second song is: "After reading Leng Yan, I am too lazy to knock and laugh at the Huangs to send a group gourd ladle. There are thousands of mountains in the south and Tianmen in the north as far as Wan Li. I have long forgotten Fei Feng. The robe is a new robe. What do officials know today? Only Wu's group will face it sooner or later. "

Later, it is said that Emperor Wen Jian returned to Beijing and wrote another poem: "Forty years in the southwest, the rustling white hair is full. What does Gan Kun hate? Jianghan is ruthless. Clouds dispersed in Changle Palace and rain fell in Ge Yuan. The new Puxiliu is green every year, and the wild old man is sobbing. " In this poem full of vicissitudes, the word "southwest" is mentioned. If "Southwest" corresponds to the titles of the first two poems, then Wen Jian has undoubtedly been to Guizhou.

Third, Zhejiang refuge theory

Recently, an ancient temple was discovered in Dongshan, Baikeng Village, Lingdong Township, Lanxi City, Zhejiang Province. The murals, couplets, ancient monuments, ancient pagodas and city walls left by the temple show that Wen Jian, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, had a haircut and fled here. Zhejiang literature and history researchers have done a lot of textual research on relevant historical materials, and think that Wen Jian's seclusion in Lanxi has a lot to do with one of his personal ministers, namely Hanlin Daizhao, who fled together, and Zheng Qia, who was originally from Pujiang.

It is understood that Dongshan Mountain is steep and nearly 400 meters above sea level, also known as Huang Hui. It is located in a ravine about one kilometer east of Liudongshan, the remaining branch of Jin Huashan. The mountain road is hovering, with lush trees and very quiet. There is a great hall called "Tianwang Temple" on the mountain, and now it is also called "Huang Hui Temple".

According to the abbot of the temple, Master Yin Jue, the monks in the temple and the villagers nearby all know the legend that Emperor Jianwen lived in seclusion here. The recently discovered seclusion relics and ancient relics beside temples provide strong evidence for this legend.

Fourth, the theory of refuge in Sichuan.

Huayan Temple in Qingchuan is indeed the refuge of Wen Jian, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, in Sichuan. Senior experts and scholars from Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Sichuan University think so after on-the-spot investigation.

It is understood that Huayan Temple is located on Lianhua Mountain, 7.5 kilometers south of Qingxi Town, Qingchuan County, covering an area of 100 mu. There are grassy ravines on the east and west sides, and there is a double-layer hollow Ming Dynasty stone wall made of huge stones in the ravine on the west side.

2 [History] Information about Your Majesty

Experts made an investigation on stone tablets, stone buddhas, the Nine-Five Square Round Pagoda and the Imperial Calendar of Qing Dynasty, especially after carefully studying the two inscriptions "Guangfo Monument" and "Huayan Temple Reconstruction Monument", and found that "Emperor Xuande came here for six years" recorded in these two inscriptions and "Emperor Xuande came here from Yan 'an for six years" in Volume 17 of Ming History and "Xunguo, Wen Jian" Moreover, experts believe that Ming History is earlier and more primitive than Ming History, and the credibility of historical materials research is also higher.

Five, take refuge in Qinghai said

After the war in Jingnan, Wen Jian passed through southern Yunnan, Bashu and other places, and finally fled to Qutan Temple in Qinghai. This was discovered by Dr. Gong, the history department of Lanzhou University, when consulting the local history of northwest China in Innovation of Weiyuan County Records in the Republic of China.

According to relevant historical records, Qutan Temple established a close relationship with the Ming royal family in the early days. Since Yongle, emperors in the Ming Dynasty have given Qutan Temple Monument, Buddhist Temple, Buddhist teacher, seal, ministers and other historical books, which is intriguing in itself.

According to the research of Dr. Gong, the route of the emperor's death and his death in Qutan Temple in Qinghai recorded in the inscription are very consistent with the historical background at that time. Before the Ming Dynasty, the so-called "Southern Silk Road" was opened from Nanjing to Bashu and Hehuang. After the "Battle of Jingnan" broke out, the prince led the army south and the northern road was blocked. Wen Jian probably had to flee to the south, traveling from Yunnan to Guizhou and Bashu, and finally chose Hehuang area in the northwest frontier as his foothold. This escape route just confirms the folklore that "Yunnan, Guizhou and Bashu are said to have traces of emperors becoming monks".

Sixth, the theory of refuge in Yunnan.

According to local records, Wen Jian fled the palace and came to Yunnan.

At that time, it was Mu Sheng, the third son of Zhen Gong Mu Ying. His childhood was very close to Musheng, and he found Musheng when he arrived in Kunming. Mu Sheng and his childhood were like brothers. However, due to the power of the Ming emperor Judy, he had to compromise and secretly sent him to Wuding House, 0/00 km away from Kunming/Kloc, and was properly escorted by the magistrate, Saskatchewan. So Saskatchewan arranged his life in Lion Mountain, where it was very convenient to hide.

After Judy's death, Emperor Wen Jian was old and homesick, thinking that the orthodox emperor in office was a junior, so there should be no harm, so he returned to Beijing by way of. At that time, it was difficult for the orthodox emperor to tell the truth from the false, so he asked the eunuchs who used to serve the Emperor Wen Jian to identify them. Wen Jian called out the eunuch's name in one bite, telling him that the eunuch had dropped a goose while eating in the palace, and he was anxious to eat it on his stomach. The eunuch got a fright and decided that he was Wen Jian.

The orthodox emperor welcomed Emperor Wen Jian to the West Palace for support. A year later, Emperor Wen Jian died at the age of 64.

Seven, I have been to Quanzhou.

After Wen Jian was killed, according to Ming Taizu's instructions, he fled with his entourage disguised as a monk.

They traveled from Nanjing along the Yangtze River to Luohan Temple in Wuchang. At that time, monk Daxuan, the abbot of Luohan Temple, saw the official biography of Emperor Wen Jian and quickly introduced him and his entourage to the temple.

Later, Wen Jian and others went south through Jiangxi and other places and arrived in Quanzhou at the end of the first year of Yongle (A.D. 1403). They worked as monks in Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou for a while, then went to sea from Quanzhou and arrived in Indonesia.

This paper is based on Taiwan Province scholar Chen's The Outstanding Navigator Zheng He and Japanese scholar Sugiyama Shang's The Millennium of Zheng He's Sailing to the Western Seas and other related materials (see related reports in this newspaper for details).

VIII. Other statements

According to some records, Emperor Wen Jian took refuge in Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province. However, these statements are unknown or pure folklore, so I won't elaborate here.