How to maintain the old pile bonsai of pyracantha fortunei (explanation of the cultivation method of pyracantha fortunei bonsai)

It would be a great pity if the once-shaped pyracantha bonsai "falls off" again. So, what is the reason why the branches of pyracantha plants fall off? How to remedy the "falling branches" of pyracantha bonsai? How to avoid "falling branches" in pyracantha bonsai? Let's discuss it with basin friends, hoping to help those who need flowers.

Pyracantha fortunei is an evergreen shrub with slow growth, dark branches, bright green leaves and bright red fruits. Potted pyracantha has leaves in spring, flowers in summer and fruits in autumn and winter. The old pile of pyracantha is made into bonsai. After artificial shaping, the branches are bold and unrestrained, bold and vigorous, and red fruits are full of branches in autumn and winter, which symbolizes fruitful results and happiness, and is deeply favored by bonsai lovers.

Pyracantha fortuneana has strong vitality, strong adaptability to the environment, strong resistance to strong light, shade, fertilizer, barren, temperature and cold, and is a very easy-to-maintain plant. However, in the maintenance process of pyracantha bonsai, the phenomenon of "falling branches" often occurs. The word "lack of branches" comes from the idiom "lack of branches and disorderly branches", which is a common word in bonsai planting.

The so-called "losing branches" literally means losing branches. Losing one or more branches means that it is difficult to achieve the preset goal for bonsai modeling. Without a goal, shaping bonsai is still a trivial matter, and the focus is on "doing whatever you want". However, once the finalized pyracantha bonsai is finalized, it would be a pity if there is a phenomenon of "falling branches" again. So, what is the reason why the branches of pyracantha plants fall off? How to remedy the "falling branches" of pyracantha bonsai? How to avoid "falling branches" in pyracantha bonsai? Let's discuss it with basin friends, hoping to help those who need flowers.

There are several main reasons for the falling branches of pyracantha bonsai: 1. The old pile factory is "old and weak"

Although the old pile of pyracantha bonsai is simple and vigorous, it embodies the effect of seeing the big from the small and making a tree into a landscape. But because of the word "old", the growth of plants will gradually weaken with the passage of feeding time and the increase of tree age. The root system will gradually age, reducing the absorption capacity of plants, and the nutrients and water needed for growth will not be supplied in time, which will accelerate the decline of plant growth. The branches on it will also age. Over-aged branches will have poor activity. Coupled with insufficient supply of nutrients and water, they will gradually lose their branches and leaves. Without more leaves, photosynthesis often leads to "falling branches", which is inevitable. This forms a vicious "closed loop". Therefore, the senescence of plants is an important reason for the "falling branches" of pyracantha bonsai.

Second, the physiological structure is "congenital deficiency"

The physiological structure of pyracantha fortuneana is congenitally deficient, which is also one of the important reasons why it is easy to "drop branches". The growth rate of pyracantha fortuneana is relatively slow, and usually the branches are not too thick, that is, they are not very strong. The cortex of pyracantha fortuneana is very thin, unlike other bonsai plants, which are very thick. Thin cortex means that the nutrients and water accumulated in subcutaneous tissue are relatively small, the nutrients and water supply of plants is not timely, or a certain part of branches is damaged, which reduces the supply channels of nutrients and water, and the ends of branches are easy to die due to insufficient water and nutrients supply, and gradually spread downward, resulting in the phenomenon of "losing branches".

Third, plastic surgery "improper operation"

In the modeling process of pyracantha bonsai, it is necessary to shape plants reasonably by means of coiling and pruning, so as to achieve the expected effect of bonsai materials. In the process of plastic surgery, Pinza is often the main reason why pyracantha plants "fall off branches". As mentioned earlier, the cortex of pyracantha is very thin.

In the process of binding with tools such as aluminum wire, it is easy to cause the cortex of branches to break and damage, which leads to the failure to transport nutrients and water to the ends of branches normally. Moreover, even if the branches of pyracantha fortuneana are bound with tools such as aluminum wire, even if the cortical tissue of the branches is not damaged, the cortical tissue of the branches is very thin, and the aluminum wire will be squeezed or deeply immersed in the cortical tissue after being bound, which will weaken the transport ability of the cortex to nutrients and water, and the nutrient and water supply at the end of the branches will be insufficient, which will eventually lead to improper pruning and "branch dropping" of pyracantha fortuneana, so it is not appropriate to prune the tender branches prematurely. The newly-grown branches of pyracantha fortunei have insufficient nutrient savings, and excessive pruning is prone to "branch return" or even the death of the whole new branch, that is, "branch loss".

Fourth, the daily maintenance is "poorly managed"

The "falling branches" of pyracantha bonsai are often caused by poor daily maintenance and management. Water is not timely, resulting in water supply is not timely, resulting in serious water shortage of branches and leaves; Excessive watering causes the water in the basin to drain the roots, and the roots of pyracantha fortuneana cannot absorb enough water and nutrients; Insufficient light, plants can't carry out effective photosynthesis, branches and leaves can't transform nutrients normally, and branches lack nutrient supply. It is an important reason for the "falling branches" of pyracantha fortuneana.

Remedial measures for "falling branches" of pyracantha fortunei bonsai 1. go with the tide

For the unformed pyracantha bonsai, "falling branches" has a certain influence on its later modification, but on the whole, it has little influence, and it is a big deal to "start all over again". We can follow the trend and change the preset modeling scheme. As long as there is a "fantastic idea" and a garbage pyracantha pile prototype, we can also create an excellent bonsai through our "imaginative imagination" and skilled operation methods. For the modeling operation of pyracantha stump, we can't be too hasty. Before modeling, we can store a large number of branches and dry them, leaving enough operating space for future modeling.

Second, grafting branches.

Once the main branch falls off, it will be more troublesome for the shaped pyracantha bonsai. There are two remedial measures: one is to adjust the original shape reasonably according to the existing branches to achieve the effect of beautiful plant shape; Second, grafting branches, where necessary, make them grow one or several branches by grafting or budding, and then strengthen maintenance to make the grafted branches mature as soon as possible, so as to achieve the effect of remedial branch reduction. When grafting pyracantha fortuneana, we should pay attention to the following four points:

1. Selection of grafting methods. The cortex tissue of pyracantha fortuneana is very thin, so it is difficult to graft, such as skin grafting and T-bud grafting, and it is difficult to peel off the cambium smoothly. Generally, "docking method" is selected for grafting pyracantha, which has fast survival rate and high survival rate, but the operation needs enough space. Regarding the grafting operation methods of plants such as pyracantha, I will write an article specially when I have time, and interested basin friends can pay attention to it;

2. Selection of grafting time. Grafting pyracantha fortunei can generally be carried out in spring and autumn, which is the vigorous growth period of pyracantha fortunei, with short grafting survival time and high survival rate;

3. When grafting pyracantha fortunei, it is necessary to disinfect the cutter simply, and paint and fire can be used; The butt joint should be smooth and tidy, and the rootstock should be aligned with the scion cambium during butt joint;

4. After the docking of pyracantha fortuneana, keep the grafting point moist and avoid strong light irradiation, so as to avoid water entering the grafting interface and causing grafting failure;

How to avoid "falling branches" in pyracantha bonsai? First, give a suitable growth environment.

Pyracantha fortuneana likes strong light and can survive in semi-cloudy environment for a short time. Pyracantha fortuneana is best maintained in full light, not in semi-cool environment for a long time. In the growing period, the light is insufficient for a long time, the branches are easy to grow in white, and the shoots are easy to dry up and die, which eventually leads to "loss of branches". It can only be moved indoors in a short time during the viewing period, and generally it should not be more than one month. Pyracantha fortuneana likes humid growth environment and has certain drought tolerance, but the maintenance environment is in a dry state for a long time, which will not cause plant death, but it is very easy to cause "branch falling". It is necessary to keep the pyracantha well ventilated.

Second, reasonable water and fertilizer management measures

The "falling branches" of pyracantha fortuneana are often related to water shortage. Although pyracantha fortuneana has a certain drought tolerance, long-term water shortage will lead to a large number of leaves falling off, and finally some branches will die. Especially potted plants, because there is too little soil in the pots, once you forget to water them, it will cause drought, especially in the hot summer season. Potted pyracantha fortunei needs to keep the soil moist for a long time under the condition of ensuring good drainage, so as to avoid pyracantha fortunei from "falling branches" due to drought and water shortage.

Pyracantha likes fertilizer. In the case of proper maintenance, it has a large number of flowers and fruits, and the demand for fertilizer in the growing period is quite large. And because it is a potted pyracantha, the soil and nutrients are very few. If there is a lack of nutrition in the maintenance process during the growing period, once the new branches are weak, they will easily die, that is, "falling branches." To fertilize pyracantha fortunei, in addition to adding proper base fertilizer to the soil when planting, multi-element compound fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer should be supplemented at least once a month during the growing period, and root irrigation is the best. From late spring to autumn before fruit ripening, plants need to supplement high phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at least once a month. Generally, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied, or root irrigation is better. Fertilization should be stopped before fruit ripens in late autumn and early winter.

Third, the interval between changing pots and soil.

The root system of pyracantha fortuneana is developed. Generally, the potted plants of pyracantha fortuneana are relatively small, and there is less soil in the pots. If there is less pot soil, there will be less nutrients, and the supply of nutrients will definitely be insufficient. If the pyracantha bonsai is not changed for a long time and the nutrient supply is insufficient, it is easy to cause the plants to "fall off". If the pyracantha bonsai is not changed for a long time, the roots will soon be full of flowerpots, and its roots will have no room for growth, and the roots will also age and die. Therefore, pyracantha bonsai generally needs to be replaced once every two years, preferably once a year. It is best to change pots and soil for pyracantha bonsai before sprouting new buds in spring. While changing pots and soil, it is also necessary to comb and trim the roots, and trim off too many roots, some old roots and dead roots.

Fourth, a reasonable plastic surgery program.

As mentioned above, there are two ways to shape pyracantha, namely flattening and pruning. However, because the cortex tissue of pyracantha fortuneana is very thin, flattening has a great influence on its branches. Therefore, in the process of modeling, it is generally not recommended to use Pinza's method, which may easily cause pyracantha to "fall off". Pruning method is more reliable, but there are two points to note:

1, the operation time generally needs to be selected in winter and early spring for two reasons: a, the branches are basically lignified in winter and moderately pruned, which is not easy to cause "branch dropping"; B, in winter and early spring, the plants are in a slow growth period, and the juice flows slowly, which is not easy to cause "bleeding" and "falling branches";

2, pyracantha branches, tools should be simple disinfection. It is best to protect the wound after pruning and apply wound healing agent, especially some thick branches;

3. When pruning pyracantha fortunei, it is best to leave spare branches to avoid "missing branches" for various reasons, and no branches can be "filled".

Summary: The vitality of pyracantha fortuneana is relatively tenacious, and its daily maintenance can be extensive, with sufficient sunlight and reasonable water and fertilizer management. The main reasons of pyracantha fortunei "falling branches" are poor activity of old piles, thin branch cortex, poor storage capacity of water and nutrients, improper modeling operation and lack of water and fertilizer in maintenance. For the unfinished pyracantha bonsai, you can change its modeling scheme with the wind. For the finalized pyracantha bonsai, we can make up for the missing branches by grafting pyracantha to achieve beautiful results. In the daily maintenance of pyracantha bonsai, we should try to avoid the phenomenon of "falling branches".