Termite problem. Help. Urgent. Urgent-good answer 200 points.

Scattered termites are widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions and are the largest termites in China. So far, it has been named as 132 species, and the common species are Phaeodactylum fulvum and Phaeodactylum sinensis. It is an amphibious termite and is listed as a terrestrial termite abroad. The colony of termites is easy to produce supplementary reproductive ants, which are harmful and scattered through nest shifting and population division activities, and do not build large ant nests with complex structures to live together, so they are called termites.

There are four main ways to kill termites: pouring chemicals, throwing poison bait, spraying and environmental treatment.

(2) Control of Lateolabrax japonicus in Taiwan Province.

Lactotermites are the main termite species that harm buildings in southern China, and 39 species of this genus have been named and published. The representative species are Formosan Lactotermites, also known as Taiwan Province Lactotermites, formerly known as Taiwan Province Domestic Termites and Domestic Termites. Lateolabrax japonicus is a termite that lives in a big nest, which is divided into a main nest and an auxiliary nest. Termites live in nests, and workers in the colonies often build roads to feed at a distance of more than 0/00 meters from the nests/kloc-. It is not difficult to kill termites that feed on objects, and it is also possible to spray general pesticides. The problem is that after killing a batch, another batch will come soon, and the ants will always exist, and the whole ant nest will be safe and sound. Therefore, to eliminate the harm of this termite, which is different from other pests, the key lies in finding a nest and the use of drugs is also very particular.

In order to control Formosan milk termites, we can use their living habits and activities to find nests. Or use drugs to spread and transfer in the population with the help of termites' habits, and finally kill the whole nest of termites. Specific methods include: trapping and killing, digging nests to kill ants, powder poisoning, throwing poison bait, etc.

The exposed characteristics of ant nests include excrement, fly holes, air holes, ant passages, suction lines, etc., which can also be used as an auxiliary basis for finding nests.

(3) control of black-winged soil termites

Termites that harm agricultural and forestry crops and dams in China mainly belong to black-winged soil termites and large termites. Because the nest of soil termites is buried deeper, the structure is more complicated and the harm is greater. Among them, Taiwan's milk termites are the most widely distributed and the most harmful.

The technical basis of nest location judgment method: mud line, flying hole, shoveling grass and digging, ditching and cutting roads, setting traps (piles), fungus indicator, steel cone for nest location, radioisotope nest finding, ground penetrating radar detecting termite nests, etc.

Prevention and control methods: throwing poison bait, digging nests to kill ants, fumigation poisoning, filling liquid mud, powder poisoning, etc.

After eliminating the black-winged soil termites on the earth dam, it is very different from forest areas and agricultural areas. Although the ant infestation has been eliminated, the ant paths, cavities and nests formed by termite activities still exist, which is still a major hidden danger on the dam. In order to ensure the safety of the dam, the grouting and backfilling earthwork must be reprocessed.

Basic control methods of termites

(1) ecological control law

Ecological control method is a control method to take all necessary measures or carry out various activities according to the requirements of termite control before, during and after the construction of water conservancy projects, as well as in a series of planting work, to create an environment that is not conducive to termite breeding, so as to protect buildings, earth dams and agricultural and forestry crops from termites.

(2) Biological control method

Based on the interspecific struggle in nature and the relationship between termites and fungi, this paper puts forward the methods of controlling termites by using natural enemies of termites and finding nests by using fungal indicators.

(3) Physical and mechanical prevention and control methods

Methods to control termites by using manpower, instruments and physical energy such as light, heat, electricity, sound and waves.

1, nest-digging method 2, trapping method (light trapping winged adults, bait trapping) 3, thermal killing method 4, building sand barriers to prevent termites from crossing 5, application of biophysics in termite control (high-frequency and microwave termite killing, radioisotope display, audio frequency nesting, resistivity nesting, ground penetrating radar nesting).

(4) Chemical control method

Use all kinds of toxic chemicals-chemicals, through certain methods, directly contact termites, or treat habitats, breeding grounds and harmful substances, so that termites are poisoned to death by contacting or swallowing chemicals, or they cannot be harmed. It is characterized by quick response, high efficiency, simple use and little geographical restriction.

1, termite control agent dosage form

2. Powder, wettable powder, emulsion, water agent, oil agent, tablet (lozenge) and smoke agent.

2, the use of termite control agent

Powder spraying, liquid spraying, pressure injection, fumigation, smoke suppression, brushing, dipping, drug trapping, hormone trapping, poison bait trapping, toxic soil belt construction, seed soaking, watering, drug-containing mud filling, and ant-proof medicine belt wrapping.

3. Common termite control agents

Organochlorine: mirex and chlordane.

Organophosphorus: chlorpyrifos

Comprehensive control methods of termites

1, termite inspection

In order to achieve the ideal control effect, termite inspection must be carried out first, so as to have a clear aim in the control work and improve the work efficiency. At present, most detection methods at home and abroad are based on the harm characteristics of termites. Although some people are trying to make infrared detectors, sound detectors and odor detectors, the detection is not accurate enough and has strong limitations. In practical work, we summed up the five-word principle of "ask, look, listen, explore and pry" for termite inspection.

2. Comprehensive control methods of termites.

According to the living habits of termites, the following five methods are put forward:

(1) Trapping and killing method: Bait materials and ant killer are mixed in a certain proportion to make termite trap and killing agent, and then processed into paper trap and killing rolls. If termites or signs of harm are found in the place where it is inconvenient to apply contact poison, you can pry a gap with a screwdriver or drill a hole with an electric drill, put the poison bait into the hole, and then seal the hole with putty.

(2) Trapping method: around the ant-infested house, especially in places where ants are seriously infested, select several points, dig a pit with the length, width and depth of 30cm, 20cm and 30cm respectively at each point, and bury two pine blocks with the length, width and width of 20cm, 10cm and 5cm respectively. Trap rolls are placed between two wooden blocks to lure termites in the surrounding environment, feed and kill underground termites around the building.

(3) spraying method is mainly used for building door and window frames, wooden shelves, closed balconies and the walls and floors of bungalows. Spraying with a sprayer, and brushing with a brush at the inconvenient parts, aims to kill termites, cut off the three transmission routes of termites "flying, crawling and taking", and prevent termites from surviving, spreading and spreading from the outside.

④ Pouring method is suitable for bungalows and buildings. In the lower part of the door frame, the column heel, the window frame and the ground near the door frame, if there is a gap, you can pry it open with a screwdriver. If there is no gap, you can punch a hole with an electric drill or hammer, rotate the sprayer nozzle into a straight line, then inject the medicine and seal it with putty.

⑤ Use environmental treatment method to prevent termites in the surrounding environment of buildings. First, check and dispose of the old wood around the house. There are two treatment methods: one is centralized incineration; The other is to spray medicine on the wood, cover it with rain cloth and seal it for 24 hours. This can not only kill live ants, but also make drugs penetrate into the ground and wood for a long time, preventing termites from harming again and effectively preventing the spread and spread of termites.

Control methods of milk termites in Taiwan Province

Taiwan Province Lateolabrax japonicus is the most serious termite species in China. Distributed in the south of 33.5 north latitude (jianhu county, Jiangsu, Hefei, Anhui). It mainly harms buildings, buried cables, stored materials and wild trees.

Ant nest: a large concentrated nest of milk termites. Nest is a honeycomb-like sheet structure composed of soil, wood fiber, feces and saliva. Ant nests are located on the ground, underground and trees. The appearance of the nest has three characteristics:

1. Discharge (excrement): commonly known as "termite mound", it is a brown or brown loose mound, which is a sand mound made of excrement and saliva when worker ants move out of the nest. Excrement usually accumulates on the periphery of the nest. Such as the two sides of the door frame, the junction between the beam or column and the wall. There is an ant nest at the bottom of the tree or a little below the ground. Termites are often found on tree trunks or branches.

2. Divergent holes (cluster holes, transplant holes): Divergent holes are holes through which winged breeding ants fly out. In the breeding season from April to June every year, winged adults of mature ant nests fly out of the diversion tunnel, mate with each other and build new nests. Most of the flying holes are above the ant nest, and some of them are connected with the ant nest. The flying hole of the underground nest can be several meters away from the nest to more than 10m. The flying holes are strip-shaped and 1-5 cm long, and some of them are irregular granular and kidney-shaped. Usually, the orifice is blocked and slightly raised.

3. Vent (vent, vent): Generally speaking, vent is a small hole used by termites to adjust the temperature and humidity in the nest. Hole diameter 1cm, round like pinhole, millet or sesame. There is a blockage in the orifice, which is not easy to find without careful observation. There are several to dozens of vent holes, which are arranged irregularly in plum blossom shape and dotted line shape, and are often connected with discharge holes and flying holes. Find the vent. The ant nest is inside. It's the main nest.

In addition to the above three characteristics of the nest, the ant path is also a clue to find the nest. Antway is a passage for termites to find food, contact nests, lead to flying holes and blowholes, and is also a shelter for termites to go out to avoid natural enemies, light and moisture. There are two kinds of ant roads: one is a strip "dirt road" with mud as a bunker, and the other is a "tunnel" hidden in the ground or wood. Usually, the closer to the nest, the denser and thicker the ant path, and the more soldier ants there are.

Elimination and treatment methods:

1. Powder spraying method:

1) universal powder formula:

Formula Arsenic acid (poison) 80%

Talcum powder (filler) 15%

Ferric chloride (colorant) 5%

Formulation of mirex powder 1:

Mirex (poison) 50%

Talcum powder (filler) 45%

Iron oxide 5%

2) Application method:

Put the powder in a powder-spraying rubber ball and sow it into the nest, debris, fly hole or victim with a screwdriver. When termites come out one after another, press the rubber ball with your hands, directly spray the powder into the hole, and block the orifice with toilet paper, so that as many termites as possible stick to the powder and die of poisoning due to mutual contact of termites. As far as possible, apply more pesticides to the termite damage area to achieve the goal of extinction of the whole nest group. The powder must be kept dry. Arsenic poisoning can last for 3-4 days in summer and 7-8 days in winter. Mirex poisoning is slow, and it usually takes 20-30 days to kill the whole nest population.

2. Trapping method:

The popular explanation of the method of trapping and killing is "luring the enemy into depth and gathering what he has destroyed." This includes "seduction" and "poisoning". Pit traps and box traps are often used to control termites in houses. Pit traps are mostly used around houses, and box traps are mostly used indoors.

Attraction-Take the substances that termites like to eat as the basic material, and pine wood boards (strips) are the best for Taiwanese milk termites, and add bagasse, pine sawdust, pine pollen and other synergists with attractive ability, and add some attractants (tracking hormones or slime molds). Put these materials in a wooden box of 30cm×40cm×30cm, bury them in the ground and put them in a cardboard box in a termite infested room. The climate is too dry, sprinkle some sucrose water or rice washing water appropriately. As fast as 3-4 days, as slow as 15-20 days can attract tens of millions of termites. If the time is longer, the lure box can become a new ant nest.

Poisoning-When a large number of termites are found in the trap, spraying mirex powder with high efficiency and strong infectivity can reach 100% death within 20-30 days after application.

Principle: Using the biological characteristics of termite colony life, termites looking for food outside must have the law of contact with termites in the main nest, as well as the habit of caressing and cleaning each other between termite grades and individuals. Worker ants feed young ants, soldier ants, queens, queens and so on. , lure termites into the trap box for centralized application, so that termites carry this chronic poison back to the main nest, infect each other, and finally die of poisoning in the whole nest. Its advantages are as follows:

The killing effect is good, which can make the nest group die as a whole;

No damage to buildings, no excavation;

Save labor, do not pollute the environment, and are safe for people and animals;

Don't look for an ant nest.

In modern high-rise buildings, termite nests are mostly underground, in cracks in walls or in outdoor trees. In reinforced concrete buildings, walls and floors are made of high-grade tiles or marble, so it is difficult to chase and dig ant nests, and the methods of trapping and killing can be easily solved.

Termite control of reservoir earth dam

The dike of thousands of feet collapsed in the ant nest, which is the account of Yu Lao Pian written by Han Feizi in 234 BC. In "Changqing Collection" written by Yuan Zhen, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, there are some records, such as "although the skill is excellent, the age is deep and blessed, and the skill leaks into the river and the whale is trapped", which is similar to what modern people say, "a golden dike thousands of miles away collapses in an ant nest", indicating that the seriousness of termite damage to river banks has a long history.

By the end of 200 1, 84,000 reservoirs of various types had been built in China, including 8 1 10,000 small reservoirs. Due to various reasons, a large number of small reservoirs have problems in varying degrees, such as inadequate safety responsibility, extensive management, and dangerous operation, which directly leads to frequent safety accidents of small reservoirs in China. According to statistics, during the period from 1954 to 200 1 year, there were 3,459 reservoirs in China, including 3,434 small reservoirs, with an average of nearly 73 reservoirs per year. Jinhua County has 1 15 small (II) reservoirs, including 35 dangerous reservoirs. One of the main symptoms is termite damage, which leads to dam leakage. 1956, 20,000 cubic meters Gezhoutang Dam in Xialing Town burst, destroying 7 households and killing 7 people; 1July 997 14, 90,000 cubic meters of Xiaoqingtang in Lipu Town was in danger. Because of the early discovery and timely and powerful rescue, a tragedy of village destruction and death was avoided. Small reservoirs have become a weak link in the national flood control system and an important hidden danger endangering people's lives and property.

The termites in the earth dam of the reservoir mainly belong to the termites of Termidae and the termites with black wings. At present, there are 25 species of big termites and 30 species of ground termites (Huang Yuan et al., 200 1). In addition, scattered termites and termite species of rhinotermitidae often appear on earth dams, but they are basically harmless and will not cause danger to earth dams.

O. Lateolabrax formosanus belongs to termitidae, which is widely distributed in China and is one of the main harmful species of reservoir earth dams.

1 analysis on the causes of termites in reservoir earth dam

There are two main reasons why termites appear in reservoir earth dams:

Termites near 1. 1 often breed when they spread to the slopes on both sides of the reservoir earth dam. In order to survive and develop, they look for food and water everywhere. The soil temperature and humidity of reservoir earth dam and slope protection vegetation are suitable for termite life. So termites on the hillside can easily spread to the earth dam. In this case, the signs of ant destruction generally appear at the dam head first.

Fly to earth dam 1.2.

In terms of biological characteristics, mature termites have a colony breeding season every year. Because of the phototaxis of termite winged adults, the lighting in the earth dam or its management room can easily attract winged adults flying on the nearby hillside to the earth dam, and create new groups to nest and breed in the earth dam. This is the main source of termites in earth dams.

2 termites harm to the reservoir earth dam

2. 1 Surface characteristics of termite damage

Workers and soldiers of termites are afraid of light due to visual degradation, and their thin and tender body walls are easy to lose and evaporate water in their bodies. In addition, termites are weak in resisting enemies. When they come out to the ground, termites must be covered and eat in them. Therefore, if there is termite damage on the earth dam, single or continuous litter or trunk wrapped in soil can be found. If the humidity is right, a large number of termites can be found by picking up the wrapped soil.

Flying hole is the hole where winged adults produced by mature termites climb to the surface and fly out. The flying holes of black-winged termites protrude from the ground, and it is easy to find them on the back slope of earth dams with ants in May and June. The appearance of groups of holes shows that there are mature termite nests in the earth dam, which has caused many big holes in the earth dam and the possibility of danger.

2.2 The nature of termite damage to reservoir earth dam

The main threats of termites to earth dams are a large number of ant paths, main ant nests and a large number of fungus gardens in earth dams. Ant nests are generally built below the backwater slope of 2 meters away from the dam surface and above the normal water level saturation line. Generally, it takes 8- 10 years from winged adult to mature population, and the cavity volume of the main nest can reach 0. 15M3. Together with fungus gardens and ant paths, a population can empty the cavity volume of soil about 1M3. 200 1 excavation and dissection of the earth dam of Longdongwan reservoir in nanbu county, Sichuan Province, a mature black-winged soil termite population. Its main nest is 120 cm in diameter, and there are dozens of hemispherical fungus gardens with a diameter of about 10-20 cm (not all of them have been excavated). The vertical depth of the main nest from the dam surface is 340 cm. Termites can not only feed on the vegetation on the backwater slope, but also feed on the litter and wave debris through the underground ant tunnel and the earth dam to the waterfront slope. When the water level rises in flood season, water may enter the hidden ant passage and ant nest cavity in the earth dam, resulting in loose immersion, piping, nesting and landslide.

Some reservoirs have raised and thickened earth dams to increase water storage capacity. However, before the implementation of the project, the existing termite hidden danger in the old earth dam was not completely removed, and a fairly thick soil layer was covered, which buried the termite hidden danger in the original earth dam deeper. The deeper the termite nest, the greater the threat to the safety of earth dams. As the water level rises, the danger caused by ants often occurs.

2.3 Classification and identification of the degree of ant damage 1995, randomly select the ant damage of some reservoir earth dams in Sichuan, and design a questionnaire in advance. Except for some columns of reservoir profile, the damage degree of ants is divided into four grades:

Ⅰ. There are ant spots, mud lines and mud covers around the earth dam, and no earth dam invasion is found;

Ⅱ. There are ant spots, mud lines and mud covers at the head of the earth dam, and there are no ant nests (flying holes) in the dam body;

Ⅲ. The dam body has ant spots, mud lines and mud covers, and the dam body is nested, and the earth dam works normally;

Ⅳ. There are ant spots, mud lines and mud covers in the dam body, and there are problems in the structure and operation of the earth dam (such as pipeline leakage). The classification standard can basically distinguish and identify different damage degrees of earth dams, and it is proved to be feasible in practice.

3 termite control in earth dam

3. 1 control method

There are many methods to control termites, such as digging nests, injecting chemicals, smoking and advanced radioisotope nesting, but they all have great limitations and are technically difficult to implement. We often adopt simple and easy methods in practice, such as:

3. 1. 1 Spraying mirex powder When the mud lines on the earth dam are densely distributed and there are a large number of termites, you can pick up the mud lines or fly holes and spray mirex powder directly on the termites with a powder spray ball. Using the characteristics of termites touching each other, eating each other and licking each other when transmitting information, the drugs spread rapidly in the population, thus achieving the goal of eliminating the termite population.

3. 1.2 Put in termite bait, that is, take the food that termites like to eat as the main component and add appropriate chemicals to lure termites to die of poisoning after eating. We use termite bait. Generally, the bait is placed where termites are active, covered with hay or pressed with masonry, and the effect is obvious. After several years of continuous release, the surface characteristics of ants have been destroyed.

3. 1.3 Prevention and treatment of toxic slurry Some embankments are often reinforced by grouting. At this time,100g of 50% chlordane emulsion can be added to each cubic meter of mud, which has dual prevention and control effects. On the one hand, its principle is to kill termites in ant passages, nests and fungus gardens; On the other hand, the soil of the dam is poisoned to prevent termites from breeding and nesting, and a wall is formed between the facing slope and the back facing slope to prevent termites from building an ant path to the facing slope and avoid pipeline leakage.

3.2 Control Effect Inspection

Generally, after one month or the same period of the second year, the body surface characteristics of ants are obviously reduced, indicating that the control has achieved results. However, after two or three years of drug withdrawal, due to the expansion of the young population, the surface features such as mud cover and mud line will increase significantly. Therefore, in order to control termites in earth dams, it is necessary to apply pesticides continuously for several years to truly control ants.

Corynebacterium nigripes, also known as Corynebacterium, is a fungus that grows in the nest of rotting termites. Generally, nests with normal nest depth can grow after death, so the control effect can be tested. For example, the density group of Corynebacterium 10 was found in May of the following year after pesticide application in Shuijiaolong Reservoir of Jinhua City, and it was judged that at least 10 termite group had been killed. In other reservoirs, coryneform bacteria also grow after applying pesticides every year, so it is certain that the above control methods are effective.

Fourthly, termite prevention of garden trees.

Termites harm ornamental trees in gardens. The harm degree of termites to trees is often related to the age of trees. The older the tree, the higher the victim rate. Termites that harm garden trees mainly include black-winged soil termites, yellow-winged giant termites, Taiwan milk termites, black-breasted termites, yellow-breasted termites, and pointed-lipped termites.

Different kinds of termites do different harm to trees. Lactic termites in Taiwan Province mainly eat xylem, so the damage found on the surface of trees is less, but it is very harmful to trees, and their nests are often built on some trunks or roots. Black-winged termites and yellow-winged termites generally harm the epidermis and cork layer of the trunk first, and then gradually penetrate into the xylem in the later stage. Generally speaking, yellow-winged termites eat deeper than black-winged termites. Reticulitermes flavipectus generally damages the superficial woody layer of epidermis, but it can also penetrate into the xylem in the later stage.

1) quarantine. In the process of tree migration, termites are often inadvertently carried and spread, so when transplanting trees, on the one hand, we should pay attention to thoroughly treating the remaining active termites before planting; On the other hand, don't choose trees that are seriously damaged by termites, especially trees that have nests of Taiwan's milk termites, so as to avoid the spread of termites.

2) Eliminate winged adults and prevent the emergence of new groups. The winged adults in the colony are the founders of the new colony and fly alone from April to July every year. In the meantime, we can use phototaxis and set up lights to trap and kill.

3) Protect natural enemies.

4) Eliminate the breeding ground of termites in the garden. There are often some dead trees, dead roots, stumps and sticks in the garden that are placed in the open air for a long time, which are easy to rot after being wetted, and become the favorite material of termites, which has a certain attraction to termites and must be removed.

5) Avoid mechanical damage to trees. Wound is the main entrance of termites, so avoid causing big wounds in pruning, shaping and other operations, and do not cause mechanical damage in human activities such as intertillage and soil preparation. The wound that has formed should be protected by anti-ant chemicals, and then coated with cedar oil.

6) plug the hole and repair the wound. Some big trees will have cavities or big wounds, so it is necessary to brush anti-ant drugs in time, and then use cement gravel or cement mortar to block and repair them, which is both beautiful and can prevent termites from invading.

7) medication. Using 10 diluted 50% chlordane emulsion solution or 9202 (mixed solution of lesburn) to coat the near-ground part of trees has certain effect on preventing and controlling the harm of black-winged soil termites and other trees; In addition, ditching between seedlings and spraying 2% chlordane powder have certain effects on preventing cutting wood from being harmed by termites.