What is the relationship between landscape effect and aesthetic taste?

Plant landscaping is very particular in traditional gardening techniques in China. Since Sui and Tang Dynasties, the development of garden aesthetics and the prevalence of poems and songs have had a great influence on tree landscaping. Many garden creations are directly participated by scholars and masters, and their landscape effects have long been deeply branded with aesthetic interest.

Garden space can be divided by buildings, plants, topography and so on. Used alone or in combination. When combined with garden trees, the space is organized mainly according to the size of green space, the types, postures and quantities of trees, and the changes of canopy line and forest edge line, so as to form different scenic spots or attractions. In Song Dynasty, Lu You's famous phrase "The mountains are heavy and the water is doubtful, but there is no road, and there is another village in the dark" is a wonderful functional portrayal of dividing space and clarifying the artistic conception of garden trees. There is an intangible artistic conception space in China gardens, which is based on the beautiful natural space (social beauty and formal beauty), and uses the cultural technique of combining symbols with poems to give viewers an imaginative thinking space (social beauty and humanistic beauty), thus achieving the organic combination of meaning and environment. The cooperation between meaning and environment is completed through landscaping and finishing touch, in which landscaping is the foundation and finishing touch is the magic pen; The scenery is wonderful, and the viewpoint can play a magical role in making the finishing point and icing on the cake. For example, the "Bamboo House" in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden is located at the end of the pool, facing the mountains and rivers, with a veranda behind it, and bamboo is widely planted, which constitutes a quiet place with a dense phoenix tail and a thin dragon tail. The planting of garden tree species is more important, picturesque: "The corner of the flower outside the window is a broken branch; There are three or five ancient trees in the court, which can be towering. " Fengyang in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, Gu/Bai in Master's Garden and Gu Ginkgo in Wenchang Road in Yangzhou are all attractions of the town.

Using aesthetic principles such as rhythm and rhythm, unity and change, contrast and harmony, and using landscaping techniques such as barrier and opening, permeability and leakage, and relaxation, an artificial ecological plant community with seasonal colors and rich garden space is created, which gives people beautiful enjoyment (natural beauty and artificial beauty), and is a true poem for the selection and application of landscape effects of garden tree species. Special emphasis should be placed on the effect of group beauty here: group beauty can make the landscape open and magnificent, full of sensory shock, especially suitable for landscape planning of scenic spots; Overpass green space, characteristic tree altar and large slope are also good places to highlight the beauty of the group by means of group landscaping. The seasonal change of garden tree species has outstanding visual function in enhancing the aesthetic taste of landscape effect. For example, Huangpi in Xiangshan, Beijing, Sapium in Zhaowen, Hangzhou and LAM Raymond in Yuelu Mountain, Changsha all have the gorgeous appearance of frosty leaves redder than February flowers; Suzhou Wuxian Guangfu Meilin's Xiangxuehai landscape is famous all over the country. The apricot blossoms are numerous and burning, the pear blossoms are elegant, the cherry blossoms are brilliant, and the Haitang is gorgeous, and the list is endless; The apricot autumn leaves of Ginkgo biloba, Pinus bungeana, Sapindus mukoraiensis, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica and Juglans mandshurica are dazzling. Chen Haozi wrote in the preface to "Flower Mirror" in Qing Dynasty: "In spring, plum blossoms are gorgeous, willow buds are broken, begonia is red and charming, pear tips are soaked in the moon, peach waves are slanting, tree-headed bees report flowers, and fragrant butterflies are fascinated by the forest. A new color court, bustling everywhere. Summer: durian flowers are baked in the sky, sunflower hearts are tilted to the sun, lotus leaves are shaken with the wind, poplars are dancing in the snow, trees are lush and flowers are clustered. Clear three paths cool, Huaiyin two steps clear. Purple swallows point waves, brocade scales jump waves. Autumn is crisp: the golden wind is cool, the clouds are Gui Xiang, the phoenix tree under the moon, the hedgerow chrysanthemum, the hibiscus on the marsh, the maple and cypress in summer, and the snow is full of reeds. Late flowers are still frozen butterflies, and low bricks are still noisy. Solstice of winter: when the fragrant flowers are all gone, the flowers in my garden are loquat and jade, and the wax petals are fragrant. Tea buds contain five colors, and roses are beautiful in four seasons. The grass is green in front of the eaves and the song is loose outside the window. " Describe the seasonal phase of garden flowers and trees in a picturesque way. Plant landscaping in Suzhou classical gardens pays great attention to seasonal characteristics, such as the "Haitang Spring House" in Humble Administrator's Garden and the "Xiangmei Pavilion" in the lion forest, all of which are spring scenes with brilliant spring flowers. The "Lotus Hall" in Liuyuan Garden and the "Lotus Pavilion on All Sides" in Humble Administrator's Garden emphasize the summer scenery of the lotus pond. The "Scenery of Smell" in the park and the maple forest in the western heaped-up mountains are dominated by autumn scenery in autumn. Eighteen Datura pavilions in the Humble Administrator's Garden, with 18 kinds of famous camellias in the south courtyard of the pavilion, a loquat garden full of jade and a fragrant wintersweet terrace are all good places to enjoy the winter scenery.

The contrast and harmony of colors is an important aesthetic basis for the application of seasonal phases of tree species. Ouyang xiu in the northern song dynasty "light and deep are suitable for red and white, but the penultimate one is still needed." Bring wine at four o'clock, and you can't teach it not to bloom for a day. " Su Dongpo's Winter Scene: "The lotus is not covered by rain, but the chrysanthemum still has Ao Shuang branches. The good scenery in a year must be remembered as the yellow-green contrast when oranges are orange, yellow and green, and the wonderful use of color contrast. The pink and willow green of su dike and Baier Dike are excellent examples of color matching of landscaping tree species. Xiao Chun, the long embankment of the Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, has also attracted countless Chinese and foreign tourists with the same pink. In addition, the background of tree species for viewing flowers, fruits and leaves generally uses contrasting colors to highlight the theme, and skillfully uses the aesthetic principle that "a little red in evergreen trees is not enough to move people in spring" to achieve twice the result with half the effort. But with similar colors, the landscape effect is lively and relaxed, such as warm begonia (red), peach (red), heavy elm leaf plum (pink) and apricot (red), warm and festive, and cool wisteria (purple), lilac (purple) and crape myrtle (purple) are harmonious and interesting; In addition, green with appropriate tones has a refreshing effect.

Trees modeling in landscaping mainly includes artificial modeling and flower bed making. Artificial shaping is the artistic processing of trees. Square, spherical, umbrella, cylindrical and various animal shapes are often used to meet certain aesthetic needs. In China, flower beds are a landscape form that has emerged in recent ten years. Using some short and colorful hedgerow ground cover trees, combined with modern cultivation techniques, various decorative patterns and shapes are simulated, and the landscape is well-defined and rich in lines, which is one of the methods to reflect the theme of modern design. The importance and application of colored ground cover plants has become one of the remarkable changes in newly-built garden green space. For example, the colorful patterns of Yuntai Park and Sculpture Park in Guangzhou have been impressive and unforgettable. Guangzhou Yuexiu Park uses ground cover plants and flowering shrubs to cover undergrowth plants and forest edges, which has achieved good results and has been imitated by others. This point is also highly valued in the transformation of old green space, which not only needs to improve the ecological function, but also plays a positive role in improving the level of green space construction.

Throughout the evolution of garden trees in China, from simple tree planting, symbolic tree species combination, artistic tree landscaping to ecological gardens with ecological benefits, it has developed with the progress of society and the improvement of people's understanding of plants and environment. Green space is dominated by trees, and taking the road of ecological environment is the development direction of modern garden construction. After more than 20 years of development, China's ecological gardens have embarked on a smooth road and achieved obvious ecological benefits and good landscape effects. China's poems and songs, landscape painting theory, aesthetic works and gardening theory are numerous, which is an inexhaustible artistic treasure house for tree gardening. Using these art classics, we can create rich and diverse tree landscapes and make ecological gardens more interesting and lasting appeal.

Ecological garden is an advanced stage in the development of plant landscaping, which can fully reflect the ecological function without losing the artistic effect of the garden, and is the inevitable result of the development of human material civilization and spiritual civilization. The construction of ecological gardens in China will be unique on the road of combining science and art, and will play a positive role in improving the environment, beautifying the environment and cultivating sentiment.